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Levels of trace elements in PM10 collected at roadsides of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and exposure risk assessment

Asamene Embiale Taye, Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi, Feleke Zewge Beshah, Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie

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        <foaf:name>Asamene Embiale Taye, Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi, Feleke Zewge Beshah, Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie</foaf:name>
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        <foaf:familyName>Asamene Embiale Taye</foaf:familyName>
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    <dct:title>Levels of trace elements in PM10 collected at roadsides of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and exposure risk assessment</dct:title>
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    <dct:description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;Estimation of personal exposure to air pollution is needed to identify high-risk population and to&amp;nbsp;develop mitigation strategies. In this study, an assessment of the potential effects of short-term exposure to&amp;nbsp;PM10 and the elements bound within PM10 was conducted. Samples were obtained from the ten sub-cities of&amp;nbsp;Addis Ababa (three sampling points from each) during&amp;nbsp;the commuting time (traffic congestion and taxi queues).&amp;nbsp;A particle counter consisting of a portable sampling unit&amp;nbsp;with multi-fraction dust samplers was used for sample&amp;nbsp;collection. The elemental composition was analyzed by&amp;nbsp;inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The mean concentrations of PM10&amp;nbsp;ranged from 206 to 308 &amp;mu;g m&amp;minus;3. The highest concentrations of pollutants were found in the major open-market&amp;nbsp;part of the city, Addis Ketema. The lowest concentrations were found at the old-town, Arada sub-cities. The concentration of trace elements (Fe, Cd, As, Cr, Pb, B,&amp;nbsp;Ni, Co, Sn, Cu, and Zn) bound in PM10 ranged from&amp;nbsp;below detectable limit to 0.981 &amp;mu;g m&amp;minus;3. Regardless of&amp;nbsp;the sampling sub-city, the overall patterns of the mean&amp;nbsp;concentration of elements bound in PM10 were found in&amp;nbsp;the following increasing order of Cr &amp;lt; Cd &amp;lt; As &amp;lt; Co &amp;lt;&amp;nbsp;Ni &amp;lt; Cu &amp;lt; Fe &amp;lt; Pb &amp;lt; Sn &amp;lt; B &amp;lt; Zn &amp;lt; Mn. The results&amp;nbsp;showed that the primary source of Zn, Cr, and Cd may&amp;nbsp;be emissions from on-road vehicles, tire and brake wear.&amp;nbsp;Pb originates mainly from industries and suspended soil&amp;nbsp;dust at the roadside, whereas As, Mn, and B are associated with dust resuspension and biomass and biofuel&lt;br&gt; combustion, respectively. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks due to chronic exposure to trace&amp;nbsp;elements bound in PM10 at the roadside were assessed&amp;nbsp;in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection&amp;nbsp;Agency (US EPA) guidelines. It was determined that&amp;nbsp;Mn, As, and Cd contributed substantially to the inducement of non-carcinogenic health problems to children&amp;nbsp;and adults as a result of exposure while in close proximity to the roadsides.&lt;/p&gt;</dct:description>
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April 25, 2019
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10.20372/nadre:9295

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