June 1, 2018 Thesis Open Access

Kaleab Bizuneh

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    <subfield code="a">UTILIZATION OF WASTE ANIMAL BONE AS A HETEROGENEOUS SOLID BASE CATALYST FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION OF JATROPHA OIL</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">&lt;p&gt;Heterogeneous catalyst plays a vital role in transesterification process, especially in view of cost&lt;br&gt;
and reusability. In this study, heterogeneous solid base catalyst was prepared by impregnating the&lt;br&gt;
waste animal bone with different weight percent (wt%) KOH solution followed by drying and&lt;br&gt;
calcination at 900 &amp;deg;C for 3 hr. Having screened the catalytic performance and basicity of animal&lt;br&gt;
bone loaded with different K-compounds, 12 wt% KOH loaded on animal bone was chosen. The&lt;br&gt;
physico-chemical properties of animal bone, support and the KOH-impregnated calcined animal&lt;br&gt;
bone catalyst were characterized by means of titration (for basicity of catalyst), Fourier Transform&lt;br&gt;
Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy measurements.&lt;br&gt;
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) was also performed for the selected catalyst. Catalytic&lt;br&gt;
performance of the catalyst was evaluated by transesterificating Jatropha oil with methanol in&lt;br&gt;
batch reactions. The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM)&lt;br&gt;
was employed to investigate the effects of reaction temperature, catalyst loading and methanol to&lt;br&gt;
oil molar ratio on Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) yield. Maximum yield of 96.74% was obtained&lt;br&gt;
at 11.56:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 5.08 wt% catalyst loading, 64.05 oC reaction temperature&lt;br&gt;
and 500 rpm stirring speed in 3 hr reaction time. Reusability studies indicated that the prepared&lt;br&gt;
catalyst could be applied to at least three consecutive batches of the transesterification reaction&lt;br&gt;
without any significant loss of activity&lt;/p&gt;</subfield>
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