EFFECT OF SOIL EROSION ON SELECTED SOIL PROPERTIES AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY IN CASE OF HULBARAG DISTRICT, SILTIE ZONE CENTRAL ETHIOPIA

Abstract

In Ethiopia, soil erosion is still a significant agricultural and environmental problem that has a significant influence on crop yields, livelihoods, and soil fertility. In the Hulbarag District of the Siltie Zone, Central Ethiopia, this study examined the effects of soil erosion on specific soil physicochemical properties and agricultural output. Field soil collection, laboratory testing, and household questionnaires were all integrated into a mixed-methods approach. In order to determine the three levels of erosion severity (low, moderate, and severe), 18 combined soil samples were collected from fields, and 268 families were surveyed using standardized questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance, and regression methods were utilized for data analysis in SPSS. The findings indicated that both slope gradient and soil conservation methods had a notable impact on soil physical and chemical characteristics. Steeper slopes showed increased bulk density (1.38 g/cm³) and reduced organic carbon (1.8%) and available phosphorus (10.22 ppm), signifying significant nutrient depletion. In comparison, plots featuring soil and water conservation structures, especially bunds combined with grass strips, exhibited better soil texture, reduced compaction, increased moisture levels (22%), and improved fertility measures, including organic carbon (2.6%), total nitrogen (0.22%), and available phosphorus (15.5 ppm). Farmers engaging in conservation also indicated increased and more consistent crop yields, especially for maize and Teff. The research finds that soil erosion negatively impacts soil characteristics and diminishes crop yields, whereas combined physical and biological soil and water conservation methods successfully rejuvenate soil quality and improve production. It advises encouraging conservation strategies tailored to specific sites, educating farmers, and implementing integrated land management practices to maintain agricultural productivity and environmental stability in the Hulbarag District and comparable agro-ecological areas.