ABSTRACT: Coffee production is the economic primary economic activity of Wenago Wereda in Ethiopia’s Gedeo Zone, but it is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and variability. This study examines the effects of climatic shifts on coffee production and productivity, integrating meteorological data with farmer perceptions to understand the dynamics on the ground. The study aimed to examine rainfall and temperature trends (1989–2024), analyze their relationship with coffee production, assess their impact on yields, and document farmer perceptions of ecological changes and adaptation strategies. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining time-series analysis of meteorological data (using Mann-Kendall trend tests and multiple regression), a household survey (199 respondents), focus group discussions (44 participants), and key informant interviews. Satellite imagery was used to quantify land use and land cover change between 1990 and 2020. The analysis revealed a significant climatic shift, characterized by a sharp increase in minimum (nighttime) temperature (+2.15°C, p < 0.01) and a decrease in annual rainfall (155 mm, p < 0.01), resulting in increased rainfall variability. These changes correlated strongly with a 24% decline in coffee production (p=0.0011). Regression analysis confirmed temperature as a key negative driver of yields. In addition to climatic impact on yield, land use analysis revealed a 25.3% loss (3,800 ha) of coffee agro forestry area, driven by climate stress, population pressure, and crop substitution. Farmers overwhelmingly (72.8%) perceived climate change as a major threat, citing erratic rainfall and new disease outbreaks as primary impacts. To address these challenges the study recommends promoting climate-smart agriculture such as shade tree management, soil conservation, and drought-resistant coffee varieties. Policy interventions should focus on irrigation infrastructure, market access, and land-use planning to strengthen resilience.”
","doi":"10.20372/nadre:24889","keywords":["Climate Change and Variability, Coffee Production, Land Use/Land Cover Change, Farmer Perceptions, Wenago Wereda, Ethiopia"],"language":"eng","license":{"id":"cc-by"},"publication_date":"2026-05-14","related_identifiers":[{"identifier":"10.20372/nadre:24888","relation":"isVersionOf","scheme":"doi"}],"relations":{"version":[{"count":1,"index":0,"is_last":true,"last_child":{"pid_type":"recid","pid_value":"24889"},"parent":{"pid_type":"recid","pid_value":"24888"}}]},"resource_type":{"subtype":"thesis","title":"Thesis","type":"publication"},"thesis":{"supervisors":[{"affiliation":"Dilla University","name":"Alemu Dessa (PhD)"}],"university":"Dilla University"},"title":"EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGES AND VARIABILITY ON COFFEE PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY: THE CASE OF WENAGO WEREDA, GEDEO ZONE, SOUTH ETHIOPIA","version":"Version 1"},"owners":[59],"revision":1,"stats":{},"updated":"2026-05-14T12:42:12.299170+00:00"},{"conceptdoi":"10.20372/nadre:24886","conceptrecid":"24886","created":"2026-05-14T12:15:33.116520+00:00","doi":"10.20372/nadre:24887","id":24887,"links":{"badge":"https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/badge/doi/10.20372/nadre%3A24887.svg","conceptbadge":"https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/badge/doi/10.20372/nadre%3A24886.svg","conceptdoi":"https://doi.org/10.20372/nadre:24886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20372/nadre:24887","html":"https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/record/24887","latest":"https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/api/records/24887","latest_html":"https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/record/24887","self":"https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/api/records/24887"},"metadata":{"access_conditions":"Request KUE
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\nA ring-based network topology is a network design in which each node connects to exactly
\ntwo neighboring nodes, forming a closed circular loop. In this configuration, network availability
\nheavily depends on maintaining uninterrupted connectivity, even if a node or link
\nfails. The primary aim of this study is to optimize cable availability and overall network
\nperformance in ring-based networks. It includes proactive monitoring and maintenance of
\nnetwork operations to identify potential network outages and ensure continuous availability.
\nComputer network improvement processes the study used an improved genetic algorithm
\n(GA) to improve the topology. Analytical modeling, simulations, and practical experiments
\nwere used to assess the efficacy of the suggested optimization strategies. The data sources
\nused were both primary and secondary data. Twenty ICT teachers in three general secondary
\nschools completed questionnaires to provide primary data, and reports, network records, and
\npublished and unpublished documents provided secondary data. Proper cable management
\nplays a critical role in ensuring safe routing, simplifying troubleshooting, supporting scalability,
\nand improving cost-efficiency, all of which contribute to enhanced network availability.
\nCable maintenance experts do not use dual ring network because they do not have enough
\nknowledge about dual ring network deployment. In this research, the goal was to reduce
\ncable failures and maximize cable availability by implementing a dual-ring network topology,
\nallowing the network flow to continue even if one ring experiences a fault.Also, Ring-based
\nnetwork topology can be improved by using a double-ring network topology.
\nKeywords: Optimizing cable availability, Ring network topology, analytical models, Simulations,
\nReal-world experiments, genetic algorithm, improving network availability, dual-ring
\ntopology.
Request KUE
","access_right":"restricted","access_right_category":"danger","communities":[{"id":"70"}],"creators":[{"name":"Tizazu, Ashenafi"}],"description":"Abstract
\nThis research explores the critical factors that influence students' creativity and their ability to develop a deep understanding of physics concepts. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study examines the role of teaching strategies, learning environments, cognitive skills, and collaborative practices in enhancing students' engagement with physics. Results suggest that fostering creativity through inquiry-based learning, integrating technology, and promoting collaborative problem-solving significantly improves students' conceptual understanding. The findings offer practical recommendations for educators and curriculum developers to enhance physics education. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that contribute to the development of student creativity and depth of understanding in physics concepts. A survey research design was employed as the primary methodological framework to gather robust data on student perceptions and experiences. Data was collected through a meticulously designed self-administered questionnaire, which integrated both closed-ended Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. The Likert-scale section quantitatively measured the perceived importance of various factors, including teaching methods, classroom environment, practical experimentation, and collaborative learning. The open-ended section provided qualitative depth allowing students to elaborate on their responses share personal anecdotes, and describe specific instances where they engaged in creative problem-solving or achieved a deep conceptual insight.
It is institutional property
","access_right":"restricted","access_right_category":"danger","communities":[{"id":"70"}],"creators":[{"name":"TADESSE, AYENEW"}],"description":"Thesis
\nSubmitted to
\nThe College of Science and Mathematics Education of
\nKotebe University of Education
\nIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
\nThe Degree of
\nMaster of Education in Mathematics
The University has to permit use
","access_right":"restricted","access_right_category":"danger","communities":[{"id":"70"}],"creators":[{"affiliation":"Kotebe University Department of Physics","name":"Tadesse, Ayenew"}],"description":"Abstract
\nThis study focuses on the coverage and the nature of the inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in Grade 7 and Grade 8 mathematics textbooks used in schools in the Addis Ababa City Administration Education Bureau, Ethiopia, through the lenses of both Culturally Relevant Pedagogy (CRP) and ethnomathematics. To address the continued irrelevance of the mathematics curriculum to the varied cultural backgrounds of Ethiopia, the study adopted a sequential mixed-method design, which involved content analysis of textbooks, surveys, and semi-structured interviews. The researchers used purposive and stratified sampling methods to select 98 middle school mathematics teachers, textbook writers, and purposely selected educators. The descriptive statistics was used to analyze quantitative data and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data in order to complement and explain the quantitative results. It was revealed that the level of Indigenous Knowledge integration in the textbooks under analysis is low and rather superficial. IK is primarily found in peripheral application situations as opposed to being embedded in core mathematical notions. The quantitative data indicate that the general level of IK integration (2.09 out of 5) and the perceived challenges (4.04 out of 5) are high. Qualitative results also show systematic obstacles of the form of inadequate training of teachers, unavailability of culturally oriented instructional resources, and the prevalence of a Western-based curricular orientation. The research finds that despite the promising opportunities that Indigenous Knowledge has in terms of making mathematics more culturally relevant and engaging students, the inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge is superficial at the moment. The research suggests the review of the curriculum based on CRP and ethnomathematics, teaching professional development, and enhanced partnership with Indigenous communities. Such actions play a vital role in creating an academically rigorous, culturally responsive and inclusive mathematics curriculum in Ethiopia.
\nKeywords: Indigenous Knowledge (IK), integration, Culturally Relevant Pedagogy (CRP), ethnomathematics, superficial inclusion of IK, systemic barriers
ABSTRACT: The Gedeo Zone, heartland of the globally renowned Yirgacheffe coffee, possesses exceptional agro-ecological potential for producing high-quality Arabica beans. Despite this international reputation and optimal growing conditions, a significant portion of coffee from this region fails to achieve its potential quality grade, representing a critical quality paradox that undermines farmer incomes and national export earnings. While previous research has documented general factors affecting coffee quality, there remains a lack of integrated analysis that simultaneously quantifies the effects of specific pre- and post-harvest practices while identifying the key socioeconomic and institutional determinants of quality failure at the producer level. This study therefore aimed to address this gap by evaluating how pre- and post-harvest processing techniques affect coffee quality, assessing the inherent quality of coffee in the Gedeo zone, and identifying the determinants of coffee quality among producers. The study employed a mixed-methods approach combining a cross-sectional survey of 138 coffee-producing households across four major woredas (Yirgacheffe, Kochere, Dilla Zuria, and Wenago), standardized laboratory analysis of physical and organoleptic properties following ECX protocols, and binary logit regression analysis to identify quality determinants. The findings reveal a stark quality paradox: despite the region’s optimal agro-ecology and high adoption of pre-harvest good practices (97.1% use organic fertilizer, 94.3% practice pruning), 50.5% of farmer output was graded as unacceptable quality (ECX Grade 4 or 5). Laboratory analysis confirmed the significant superiority of washed processing, with washed coffee exhibiting substantially higher scores in key sensory attributes including acidity (8.5 ± 0.2 vs. 5.8 ± 0.3, p<0.001) and flavor (8.8 ± 0.1 vs. 6.5 ± 0.4, p<0.001). Geographic analysis revealed significant intra-zonal variability, with Yirgacheffe achieving the highest premium-grade proportion (32.5%) and lowest low-grade proportion (17.4%), while Wonago exhibited the lowest premium-grade share (20.1%) and highest low-grade proportion (33.4%). The binary logit model identified that drying coffee on bare ground (79% of farmers) was the most detrimental factor, substantially increasing the probability of poor quality. Conversely, selective picking, access to training, access to credit, and cooperative membership emerged as the most significant factors reducing the likelihood of producing unacceptable coffee. The study makes both theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, it advances Lancaster’s consumer theory by demonstrating how institutional and socioeconomic factors operate through management practices to determine quality outcomes, addressing a notable gap in the literature concerning integrated quality determinant analysis. Practically, the findings provide actionable intelligence for critical stakeholders: for farmers and cooperatives, they validate cooperative membership as a key quality-enabler and pinpoint drying on bare ground as the most detrimental practice; for development agencies and government bodies including the Ministry of Agriculture and ECX, the evidence justifies redirecting extension services toward promoting affordable raised-bed drying technologies and strengthening cooperative infrastructure; for researchers, the integrated application of sensory analysis and econometric modeling provides a replicable framework for quality determinant studies in other Ethiopian coffee regions. The study concludes that the primary constraints to coffee quality in Gedeo are not pre-harvest agronomic practices, but rather critical post-harvest handling deficiencies, particularly drying on bare ground, compounded by inadequate institutional support. To unlock the region’s full economic potential, interventions must prioritize promoting affordable raised-bed drying technologies made from local materials, strengthening cooperatives, refocusing agricultural training on practical post-harvest management, and ensuring price incentives that reward quality improvement.
\n
ASSESSMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES BY RURAL HOUSEHOLD IN WOMBEREMA DISTRICT WEST GOJJAM ZONE NORTHWEST ETHIOPIA.
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