March 30, 2023 Thesis Open Access

ASEFE, BIRHAN

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    <subfield code="a">PREVALENCE OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HIV-INFECTED ADULTS ON ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN WOLDIA COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, NORTH WOLLO, ETHIOPIA, 2023</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">&lt;p&gt;Introduction &amp;ndash; Opportunistic infections are infections occurring due to bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites that normally do not cause a disease, but become pathogenic when the body&amp;#39;s defense system is impaired. Opportunistic infections associated with HIV infections are lower the quality of life of HIV infected persons, speed up the rate of progression to AIDS, reduce patients&amp;rsquo; response to treatment and are usually associated with high medical care costs and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV/AIDS patients. However, studies regarding the magnitude of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults on ART are very limited.&lt;br&gt;
Objective - To assess the prevalence of opportunistic infections and its associated factors among HIV- infected adults on anti-retroviral therapy attending Woldia comprehensive specialized hospital.&lt;br&gt;
Methods - Institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 405 HIV-infected adults from January 16, 2023 to February 16, 2023. A structured pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The study participants were selected by the systematic sampling technique. All variables with p-value of &amp;le; 0.25 in binary logistic regression were taken into multivariable model. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated and variables having p value &amp;le; 0.05 in the multivariate analysis were taken as significant predictors.&lt;br&gt;
Results: A total of 405 HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy participated in this study with a response rate of 100%. The overall prevalence of opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients on ART was 42.2% (95% CI; 37.4 - 47.2). The highest rates of OIs observed were tuberculosis (TB) (27.5%), followed by herpes zoster (25.2%), chronic diarrhea 15.2% and oral and/or esophageal thrush 14.04%. Age between 30-39 (AOR=3.46; 95% CI=1.78, 6.73), 40-49 years (AOR= 2.47; 95% CI, 1.21, 5.04), &amp;gt;= 50 years ( 3.09; 95% CI, 1.19, 8.03), being on WHO clinical stage III ( AOR= 4.63; 95% CI, 2.67, 8.04), Stage IV (AOR=6.63; 95% CI=3.29, 13.35), having CD4 count &amp;lt;= 200 cells/mm3 (AOR=1.91; 95%CI = 1.15, 3.18), chat chewers (AOR= 1.72;95% CI= 1.07, 2.76) and being ambulatory ( AOR= 2.18;95%CI; 1.02, 4.63) were predictors of opportunistic infections.&lt;br&gt;
Conclusion: In this study, a high rate of OIs was observed compared with previous studies. Age of respondents, chat chewing, WHO clinical stage III and IV, CD4 count less than or equal to 200 cells/mm3 and being ambulatory were found to be predictors of OIs. More attention should be given to those who have low CD4 count and advanced WHO clinical staging.&lt;br&gt;
Key words: Opportunistic infection, HIV infected patients, ART, Woldia comprehensive specialized hospital&lt;/p&gt;</subfield>
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