September 5, 2025 Journal article Open Access

Firdawek Shenkute Ergetie1,2, Abebe Tarekegn Kassaw3 and Ashenafi Kibret Sendekie4

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    <subfield code="u">1Department of Pharmacy, Bahir Dar College of Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2Department of Health Science, Gamby Medical and Business College, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 3Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia, 4Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">Firdawek Shenkute Ergetie1,2, Abebe Tarekegn Kassaw3 and Ashenafi Kibret Sendekie4</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Vaccine cold chain management practices in primary health centers providing an expanded immunization program in Northwest Ethiopia: self-reported and actual practice observational study</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">&lt;p&gt;Background: Vaccines are vital health commodities that need an appropriate&lt;br&gt;
supply chain system. They could be transported, stored, and used at appropriate&lt;br&gt;
temperatures. The purpose of this study was to assess vaccine cold chain&lt;br&gt;
management practices in primary health centers offering an expanded program&lt;br&gt;
of immunization (EPI) in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia.&lt;br&gt;
Methods: A self-reported and actual practice observational cross-sectional study&lt;br&gt;
was conducted at primary public health centers in the Bahir Dar city administration&lt;br&gt;
from August 15 to 30, 2021. A simple random sampling method was used to select&lt;br&gt;
study participants. An interview-administered questionnaire and direct actual&lt;br&gt;
practice observation were used to collect data. The data was entered into the Epidata 4.6 program and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Participants&amp;rsquo; knowledge,&lt;br&gt;
storage and transport conditions, IPLS management, and vaccine cold chain&lt;br&gt;
management practices were examined using independent samples t-tests and&lt;br&gt;
one-way ANOVA tests.&lt;br&gt;
Findings: A total of 50 respondents from ten health centers were enrolled in the&lt;br&gt;
study. Most of the EPI service providers had good knowledge (60%) and good&lt;br&gt;
practice in vaccine storage and transport (74%). However, more than two-thirds&lt;br&gt;
(68%) of EPI service providers had poor integrated pharmaceutical logistics&lt;br&gt;
system (IPLS) management. Only half (50%) of the health centers had good actual&lt;br&gt;
vaccine cold chain management practices. Higher educational background,&lt;br&gt;
longer work experience, and receiving training and supervision in EPI services, IPLS&lt;br&gt;
management, and vaccine inventory management resulted in higher knowledge,&lt;br&gt;
storage and transport management, IPLS management, and vaccine cold chain&lt;br&gt;
management practices.&lt;br&gt;
Conclusion: Although most EPI service providers in an interview assessment&lt;br&gt;
reported having good knowledge and good vaccine storage and transport&lt;br&gt;
management, only half of the health facilities followed the standard. Stakeholders&lt;br&gt;
are recommended to play a vital role in improving practices related to EPI services.&lt;br&gt;
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    <subfield code="a">10.20372/nadre:17299</subfield>
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