July 22, 2025 Report Open Access

Mekonen Gedewon

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    <subfield code="a">Groundwater Quality and Potential Assessment in Mekane Selam and its Surrounding Area, South Wollo, Ethiopia</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">&lt;p&gt;The development of a balanced plan for water resource utilization necessitates a comprehensive&lt;br&gt;
assessment of water resources in terms of quality, quantity, spatial distribution, and the land use and&lt;br&gt;
land cover conditions of the entire catchment. The Mekaneselam and its surrounding area, located in&lt;br&gt;
the northern part of Ethiopia within the South Wollo Zone, are bordered by the Blue Nile Gorge to the&lt;br&gt;
south and the Yeshum River Gorge to the east. This region exhibits two distinct topographic features:&lt;br&gt;
the highlands, covering approximately 80% of the area and dominated by the Ashengie Formation,&lt;br&gt;
and the lowlands, comprising Quaternary volcanics. The catchment&amp;rsquo;s annual rainfall, determined&lt;br&gt;
through arithmetic averaging of point data from nearby stations, is approximately 1268 mm/year.&lt;br&gt;
Using a conventional recharge estimation method, the annual recharge rate of the catchment is&lt;br&gt;
calculated to be 230.4 mm/year. The primary aquifers in the area consist of scoria and vesicular&lt;br&gt;
basalt. Groundwater recharge, discharge conditions, and flow systems are predominantly influenced&lt;br&gt;
by rainfall, topographic features, and structural geology. The groundwater potential of the area is&lt;br&gt;
categorized into High, moderate, low, and very low, with the general groundwater flow direction from&lt;br&gt;
northeast to southwest, albeit with minor irregularities due to local topographic variations, deep&lt;br&gt;
wells, and structural influences. Hydrogeochemical analysis using Aquachem software identified four&lt;br&gt;
water types, including Ca-HCO3, Na-Ca-HCO3, Ca-Mg-HCO3, and Ca-Mg-HCO3-Cl. The dominant&lt;br&gt;
water type in the region is Ca-Mg-HCO3. Groundwater in the area evolves from Ca-HCO3 and CaMg-HCO3 types in recharge zones to Na-Ca-HCO3 types in discharge zones. This evolutionary trend&lt;br&gt;
is governed by processes such as dissolution, precipitation, cation exchange, and hydrolysis of silicate&lt;br&gt;
minerals. This study provides insights into groundwater recharge-discharge dynamics, flow systems,&lt;br&gt;
and hydrogeochemical evolution to support sustainable water resource planning and emphasizes the&lt;br&gt;
importance of implementing land use practices, monitoring water quality variations, and constructing&lt;br&gt;
storage facilities to enhance resource utilization in Mekaneselam and similar catchments.&lt;/p&gt;</subfield>
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