2026-05-04T17:02:57Z https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/oai2d

oai:zenodo.org:8564 2025-07-14T08:39:08Z user-mwu123-un

Mufti Jeilan 2025-07-14 Research report https://zenodo.org/record/8564 10.20372/nadre:8564 oai:zenodo.org:8564 doi:10.20372/nadre:8563 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Cobb-Douglass, Efficiency, Stochastic Frontier, Onion, Potato, Tobit. Technical Efficiency and Marketing of Onion and Potato Production. The Case of Dinsho, Arsi Negelle, Robe and Shashamane towns of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8567 2025-07-14T11:03:47Z user-mwu123-un

Dr. Mesay Guyo 2025-07-14 Research report https://zenodo.org/record/8567 10.20372/nadre:8567 oai:zenodo.org:8567 doi:10.20372/nadre:8566 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Arsi-Bale-goat, Lactating does, Daily milk yield, Udder morphometry Evaluations of Udder Morphometry and Milk Yield Performances of Lactating Goats Reared in Lowlands of Bale Zone, Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8560 2025-07-14T08:34:13Z user-mwu123-un

Dr. Kemal Kedir 2025-07-14 Research report https://zenodo.org/record/8560 10.20372/nadre:8560 oai:zenodo.org:8560 doi:10.20372/nadre:8559 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Epidemiological, Milk fever, Ketosis, Transition, Dairy Cattle, Bale, West Arsi Study on Epidemiology of Milk fever and Ketosis Affecting Transition Period Crossbred Dairy Cows in Selected Sites of Bale and West Arsi Zones info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8585 2025-07-14T11:54:43Z user-mwu123-un

Asrat Sime* Enshishu Tsegaye Genemo Fitala Mebratu Fana Wosenu Bekele Tahir Abdela 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Computing (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8585 10.20372/nadre:8585 oai:zenodo.org:8585 doi:10.20372/nadre:8584 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ICT tools, tourism promotion, Likert Scale Assessment of ICT Usage on Tourism Promotion in Bale and East Bale Zone: A Case Study of Selected Tourist Sites, Oromia Regional State Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8583 2025-07-14T11:45:23Z user-mwu123-un

Yodit Alemu 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Business and Economics (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8583 10.20372/nadre:8583 oai:zenodo.org:8583 doi:10.20372/nadre:8582 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Micro, Small and medium enterprises; financial inclusion, demographic factors, demand side factor, supply side factors, logistic regression, Bale Zone Determinants of Financial Inclusion in Ethiopia for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: Evidence from Bale Zone Selected Towns info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8581 2025-07-14T11:42:55Z user-mwu123-un

Solomon Eshetu 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Business and Economics (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8581 10.20372/nadre:8581 oai:zenodo.org:8581 doi:10.20372/nadre:8580 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Innovative Marketing Strategies, Small and Medium Enterprises, Performance Effect of Innovative Marketing Strategy on the Performance of SMEs: The Case of Bale Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8579 2025-07-14T11:47:25Z user-mwu123-un

Tamiru Kefalew 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8579 10.20372/nadre:8579 oai:zenodo.org:8579 doi:10.20372/nadre:8578 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Adoption, Climate change, Emission, Fuelwood, Improved stove, Traditional stove Improved Cook Stove Adoption, Its Potential in Fuelwood Saving and Carbon Emission Reduction in Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8577 2025-07-14T11:30:22Z user-mwu123-un

Dureti Jeylan 2025-07-14 Research report 2016 https://zenodo.org/record/8577 10.20372/nadre:8577 oai:zenodo.org:8577 doi:10.20372/nadre:8576 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Impact of MB, Improved, Binary Logistic model, PSM, Adoption, Livelihood ADOPTION AND IMPACT OF IMPROVED MALT BARLEY VARIETIES ON HOUSEHOLDS INCOME IN BALE ZONE, OROMIA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8571 2025-07-14T11:17:19Z user-mwu123-un

Hussein Gena 2025-07-14 Research report 2016 https://zenodo.org/record/8571 10.20372/nadre:8571 oai:zenodo.org:8571 doi:10.20372/nadre:8570 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Distribution of Mammals, Mena-Angetu Forest, Medium and large sized Mammals, Population Status, Threats to Mammalian Species Population Status, Distribution and threats of Medium and Large size Mammals in Mena Angetu Forest Priority Area, Bale Zone, South east Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8573 2025-07-14T11:15:37Z user-mwu123-un

Kedir Shukri 2025-07-14 Research report 2016 https://zenodo.org/record/8573 10.20372/nadre:8573 oai:zenodo.org:8573 doi:10.20372/nadre:8572 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Nitrogen Fertilizer, Teff Varieties, Yield Effect of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Yield Componentsof Teff (Eragrostis teff (Zucc.) Trotter) Varieties at Gasara and Goro Districts of Bale Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8569 2025-07-14T11:18:01Z user-mwu123-un

Dr. Mesay Guyo 2025-07-14 Research report 2016 https://zenodo.org/record/8569 10.20372/nadre:8569 oai:zenodo.org:8569 doi:10.20372/nadre:8568 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Blood bio-chemistry, Camelus dromedary; physiological variable; thermal indices. Evaluation of Bio-chemical Profiles of Camelus dromedary Reared in Pastoral and Agro-pastoral areas of the Bale Zone, Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8552 2025-07-14T11:19:22Z user-mwu123-un

Aman Kedir 2025-07-14 Research report 2016 https://zenodo.org/record/8552 10.20372/nadre:8552 oai:zenodo.org:8552 doi:10.20372/nadre:8551 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Commercialization, determinants, goat farming, marketing, pastoralist, Ethiopia GOAT FARMING COMMERCIALIZATION AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN PASTORAL AREAS OF BALE AND EAST BALE ZONES, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8595 2025-07-14T12:15:05Z user-mwu123-un

Dr.Tesfaye Girma* Dr. Kefale Seifu Abdulhayi Abdulahi 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Education and Behavioral Science (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8595 10.20372/nadre:8595 oai:zenodo.org:8595 doi:10.20372/nadre:8594 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by contextual factors, cognitive and metacognitive strategies, academic engagement and gender EFFECTS OF CONTEXTUAL FACTORS AND COGNITIVE AND METACOGNITIVE LEARNING STRATEGIES ON ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL ADOLESCENT STUDENTS IN EAST BALE, BALE AND WEST ARISI ZONES, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8589 2025-07-14T12:03:04Z user-mwu123-un

Mohammed Mekuria* Mebratu Fana Teshale Gilisha 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Computing (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8589 10.20372/nadre:8589 oai:zenodo.org:8589 doi:10.20372/nadre:8588 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Google Inception, breast cancer, feature enhancement, locally preserving projection, transfer learning, breast cancer detection and classification Integration of Feature Enhancement Technique into Google Inception Network for Breast Cancer Detection and Classification info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8591 2025-07-14T12:12:10Z user-mwu123-un

Muzeyen Abdela* Deriba Bekele Bezawit Nora Dr. Mengistu Yilma 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Education and Behavioral (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8591 10.20372/nadre:8591 oai:zenodo.org:8591 doi:10.20372/nadre:8590 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Inclusion, Indigenous knowledge, Skill, Technical and Vocational Education and Training The Inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge and skills in Technical and Vocational Education and Training curriculum of Bale and West Arsi Zones TVET's Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8587 2025-07-14T11:59:19Z user-mwu123-un

GEMECHIS KELBECHA* BIFA HIRPO AMANA UMER 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Computing (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8587 10.20372/nadre:8587 oai:zenodo.org:8587 doi:10.20372/nadre:8586 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Gadaa System, Conflict Resolution, Knowledge Management, Indigenous knowledge management, Knowledge Base, AI EXPLORING AND DESIGNING INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR GUMAA IN OROMO GADAA SYSTEM (IN CASE OF SIKO MANDO) info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8607 2025-07-14T12:25:28Z user-mwu123-un

Elias Abdulkerim* Seid Abas Takele Sambeto 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Engineering (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8607 10.20372/nadre:8607 oai:zenodo.org:8607 doi:10.20372/nadre:8606 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Multivariate statistical technique, WQI, IWQI, AquaChem, temporal and spatial water quality, Shaya River. Evaluation of Shaya River Water Quality for a Variety of Uses Using a Combined Approach of Multivariate Statistical Techniques and Water Quality Indexes info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8613 2025-07-14T12:31:34Z user-mwu123-un

Siraj Abduro* Robera Daba Nasradin Aliyi 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Engineering (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8613 10.20372/nadre:8613 oai:zenodo.org:8613 doi:10.20372/nadre:8612 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Water supply, schemes, service failure, functionality, challenge, sustainability. Identification of the service failures and challenges of Water Supply Schemes: The Case of Gololcha and Laga-Hidha Woredas of East Bale Zone, Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8627 2025-07-14T12:56:46Z user-mwu123-un

Dr. Zewdineh Firdu* Getu Dida Dr. Diriba Temesgen 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Natural and Computational Science (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8627 10.20372/nadre:8627 oai:zenodo.org:8627 doi:10.20372/nadre:8626 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Biocontrol; Biotic stress; Coffee wilt; Dual culture; Protease Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) Associated fungi (Trichoderma Species) as Biological Control Agents of Gibberella xylarioides (Fusarium xylarioides) and Their plant growth-promoting traits (PGPts): An Insight for the Development of Mycofungicides for the Future Coffee Production info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8617 2025-07-14T12:52:20Z user-mwu123-un

Dr. Moa Megersa* Dr. Zewudineh Firdu Dr. Dejene Disas Abay Sahle 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Natural and Computational Science (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8617 10.20372/nadre:8617 oai:zenodo.org:8617 doi:10.20372/nadre:8616 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Household water treatment, Opuntia ficus-indica, plant-based coagulants, Solar Disinfection Coupling extracts of Opuntia ficus-indica (Shookaa) with solar disinfection for disinfection of faecal coliforms from turbid water samples info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8629 2025-07-14T12:59:14Z user-mwu123-un

Nemso Geda* Habtamu Ayele Dereje Bekele 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Natural and Computational Science (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8629 10.20372/nadre:8629 oai:zenodo.org:8629 doi:10.20372/nadre:8628 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by DM, FBS, Longitudinal data analysis, Survival data analysis, Time-to-recovery, Joint model. Modeling Longitudinal and Survival analysis of fasting blood Sugar level of Adult Diabetic Patients; A Case of Goba referral Hospital info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8635 2025-07-14T13:16:30Z user-mwu123-un

Derara Kunbushu* Dr. Bezabih Wondimu Behailu Legese 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Social Science and Humanities (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8635 10.20372/nadre:8635 oai:zenodo.org:8635 doi:10.20372/nadre:8634 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Accessibility, Distribution Pattern, GIS, GP, Secondary School, Spatial Distribution ASSESSING SPATIAL PATTERN, ACCESSIBILITY AND FACILITIES OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS ON QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN BALE AND EAST BALE ZONES USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8633 2025-07-14T13:14:23Z user-mwu123-un

Behailu Legese* Derara Kunbushu 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Social Science and Humanities (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8633 10.20372/nadre:8633 oai:zenodo.org:8633 doi:10.20372/nadre:8632 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by AHP, Disaster; GIS; NDVI Disaster Risk Assessment and Mapping Using Geospatial Technology in the Lowlands of Bale & East Bale Zones. info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8639 2025-07-14T13:19:03Z user-mwu123-un

Dr. Getachew Demissie* Dr. Dhuguma Erasu Tesfaye Feye 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Social Science and Humanities (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8639 10.20372/nadre:8639 oai:zenodo.org:8639 doi:10.20372/nadre:8638 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Geospatial technology, Land use efficiency, LULC, spatial planning A comparative Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Urban Land Use Efficiency and Its Implication for Spatial Planning in South-central and Southeast Ethiopian Cities: The Case of Ginnir, Goba-Robe and Shashemene Cities info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8645 2025-07-14T13:23:28Z user-mwu123-un

Kamil Kedir* Lencho Samuel Gutema Adem 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Social Science and Humanities (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8645 10.20372/nadre:8645 oai:zenodo.org:8645 doi:10.20372/nadre:8644 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by 'dabaree', resource sharing, economic inequality THE PRACTICE OF 'DABAREE' AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL WELFARE: AN INDIGENOUS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY TO BE LEARNED FROM ARSI OROMO; THE CASE OF BALE, EAST BALE AND WEST ARSI ZONES info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8649 2025-07-14T13:27:20Z user-mwu123-un

RESHID HASSEN* ALEMU BALCHA TESFAYE TEKLE 2025-07-14 Research Report from the School of Law (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8649 10.20372/nadre:8649 oai:zenodo.org:8649 doi:10.20372/nadre:8648 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by street children, Human rights, prospects, challenges CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF STREET CHILDREN IN ETHIOPIA: THE CASE OF BALE, EAST BALE AND WEST ARSI ZONE info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8641 2025-07-14T13:21:11Z user-mwu123-un

Fentahun Alemayehu* Kedir Sado Dawit Getu 2025-07-14 Research Report from the College of Social Science and Humanities (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8641 10.20372/nadre:8641 oai:zenodo.org:8641 doi:10.20372/nadre:8640 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Megalithic, stele, documentation and Archaeology Survey and Documentations of the Megalithic Sites in Bale, East Bale and West Arsi Zones info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8755 2025-07-15T11:56:10Z user-mwu123-un user-zenodo

Ahmednur Adem* Fikadu Nugusu Abdulaziz Temam Girma Beressa Wakuma Taye Abdushekur Mohammed 2025-07-15 Research Report from Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital Campus (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8755 10.20372/nadre:8755 oai:zenodo.org:8755 doi:10.20372/nadre:8754 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/zenodo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors, civil servants, Bale, Southeast Ethiopia. Prevalence of common non-communicable diseases risk factors among civil servants and associated factors in Bale, and East Bale zones, southeast Ethiopia 2023/24 info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8753 2025-07-15T11:56:58Z user-mwu123-un user-zenodo

Abel Beliyu* Mohammedaman Mama Hasen Husein Jara Mulatu Sime Dr. Girma Kebede 2025-07-15 Research Report from Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital Campus (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8753 10.20372/nadre:8753 oai:zenodo.org:8753 doi:10.20372/nadre:8752 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/zenodo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Genetic diversity, Plasmodium vivax, Merozoite surface protein-3β Genetic diversity and multiplicity of plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-3 beta (msp-3β) gene marker at East bale, and southeast Ethiopia, 2023-2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8751 2025-07-15T13:04:42Z user-mwu123-un

MENGESHA MESFIN 2024-10-15 This thesis presents the analytical approximate solution for inhomogeneous fractional-order partial differential equations and their associated nonlinear systems using the Laplace Variational Iteration Method. Specifically, the Laplace Variational Iteration Method was employed to derive approximate anaiytical solutions for the time fractional Navier-Stokes equations in Cartesian coordinates. The Navier-Stokes equations, which describe the motion of fluids are essential in fluid dynamics but often pose significant challenges due to their non-linear characteristics and complexity, especially in fractional form. The numerical solutions of this system was obtained with the help of MATLAB software which provided LVIM algorithm for the given problem. Moreover, the results of the proposed method were compared with the exact solution of the problems which has confirmed that as the terms of the series increases the approximate solutions converges to the exact solution of each problem. This method is a powerful tool to handle nonlinear time fractional Navier-Stokes equation. The main property of the method is its ability to solve nonlinear equations, accurately and easily. Using Laplace variational iteration method, it is possible to find the exact solution or a closed approximate solution of a problem. To illustrate the application of the method, three non-linear 2D and 3D Navier-stokes equations had been considered. The scheme was found to be very reliable, effective, efficient and powerful technique to solve the proposed time fractional Navier-Stokes equation. The solutions of the three numerical problems solved in this thesis had shown that the rate of convergence of the approximate analytical exact solutions using Laplace variational Iteration Method was overlapping with that of Laplace Adomain Decomposition Method and Fractional Reduced Differential Transform Method. https://zenodo.org/record/8751 10.20372/nadre:8751 oai:zenodo.org:8751 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8750 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Laplace Variational Iteration Method, Navier-Stokes Equation, Caputo Operator, NonHomogeneous Fractional Partial Differential Equation, Non-Linear System THE ANALYTICAL APPROXIMATE SOLUTION OF SYSTEM OF NONHOMOGENEOUS FRACTIONAL ORDERED PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION USING LAPLACE VARIATIONAL ITERATION METHOD (LVIM) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8757 2025-07-15T12:20:21Z user-mwu123-un user-zenodo

Degefa Gomora* Neway Ejigu Telila Mesfin Hiwot Fikadu Genet Fikadu Alemitu Ayele Bethelihem Getachew Usman Hussein Getachew Bokona 2025-07-15 Research Report from Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital Campus (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8757 10.20372/nadre:8757 oai:zenodo.org:8757 doi:10.20372/nadre:8756 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/zenodo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Adverse birth outcome, Effect of antenatal care, Adequate antenatal care, Pregnant women, Inverse probability of weighting, Bale zone Combined Effect of Antenatal Care Timing, Contacts and Content on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among Pregnant Women In Bale Zone: A Comparative Cross Sectional Study Using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Method. info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8769 2025-07-15T13:32:41Z user-mwu123-un

Dr. GELAYE FEKADU* GIRMA SHALLO DEMISSU ZENBABA Dr. SELAMAWIT BEKELE HIWOT FEKADU ZEWDIE GUDISSA 2025-07-15 Research Report from Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital Campus (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8769 10.20372/nadre:8769 oai:zenodo.org:8769 doi:10.20372/nadre:8768 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Magnitude, barriers, cataract blind, Bale, Ethiopia MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF DELAY IN CATARACT SURGERY UTILIZATION AMONG CATARACT BLIND PATIENTS ATTENDING SURGICAL OUTREACH SITES IN BALE ZONE, ETHIOPIA, 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8775 2025-07-15T13:42:12Z user-mwu123-un

Oumer Aliyi* Zerihun Xilahun Tura Koshe Abul Hasano 2025-07-15 Research Report from Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital Campus (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8775 10.20372/nadre:8775 oai:zenodo.org:8775 doi:10.20372/nadre:8774 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Possible severe bacterial infection, treatment outcome, patient survival Comparing treatment outcome of ampicillin plus gentamycin to ceftriaxone among infants with possible severe bacterial infection in Goba referral hospital from southeastern Ethiopia: prospective cohort info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8779 2025-07-15T13:45:21Z user-mwu123-un

Wogene Negash* Tesfaye Assefa Zegeye Feleke Dr. Endalew Gemechu 2025-07-15 Research Report from Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital Campus (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8779 10.20372/nadre:8779 oai:zenodo.org:8779 doi:10.20372/nadre:8778 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by HIV; Pre-exposure prophylaxis; Willingness to use; Barriers, Female sex workers Protocol: The Willingness of Female Sex Workers to Use Pre- Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention, Barriers and Associated Factors in Robe City and Ginir Town, Southeast Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8773 2025-07-16T07:43:43Z user-mwu123-un

Mustefa Mohammedhussein* Dr. Adem Esmael Wagene Negash Teshome Sirak 2025-07-15 Research Report from Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital Campus (2016) https://zenodo.org/record/8773 10.20372/nadre:8773 oai:zenodo.org:8773 doi:10.20372/nadre:8772 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by job seeking stress, suicidal ideation, family influence, coping mechanisms. Job seeking stress and suicidal ideation among young graduates in Bale, East Bale and West Arsi zones; role of coping mechanisms, perceived social support and family influence on career decision making, 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8803 2025-07-16T08:56:43Z user-mwu123-un

DULLACHA GUYO JALLA 2021-09-01 Cattle production is vital in the livelihoods of a pastoralist. However, poor husbandry practices and occurrence of various diseases hampering its productivity. The present study was carried out in pastoral area of Dhas District, Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia, with the objectives of characterization of cattle husbandry practices, major health problems and marketing system. One time field visit descriptive and observational/cross-sectional study design consisting of personal observations, questionnaire survey, focus group discussions, key informants interviews and document analysis were employed for the investigation. Four kebeles were selected purposively for the study based on number of cattle population, availability of veterinary clinics and maketing center. A total of 193 households were randomly selected using simple random sampling method from the selected kebeles. Eighty five percent (85%) of the study participants (respondents) were males and 15% of them were females. The average family size and age of respondents in the study district were 7.4 ± 0.24 and 45.61±0.97, respectively. Majority of the respondents (73.1%) were illiterate while 17.6% can read and write. The survey result showed that source of income for 85.5% households were from livestock production in the study district. The overall average cattle holding was 31.761 ± 1.126 while the major purposes of keeping cattle were for milk consumption, meat consumption, income generation and social prestige, respectively. Natural pasture (grass) and browse (trees and shrubs) were the major source of feed during dry and wet season. The present result indicated that ponds, wells and motorized schemes were major source of drinking water for cattle in the study area. Lack of feed, shortage of water, disease incidence and shortage of grazing land were the major constraints for cattle production in the study district. The major diseases and parasites of cattle identified were contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia, blackleg, foot and mouth disease, trypanosomiasis, anthrax, lumpy skin disease, pasteurellosis, mastitis, ectoparasites (ticks) and endo parasites. From the diseases prevalent in the area, ticks infestation were ranked first by the study participants. Three hundre eighty four (384) cattle were randomly selected to further investigate ticks infestation. The result revealed that, Ixodid ticks infestation were found to be the most prevalent ticks infesting cattle of the study sites with overall prevalence rate of 93.75%. From the total examined cattle, 28.65% of male and 65.10% of female were found to be positive for ticks infestation harboring at least a single tick. The present result showed that age, sex and body condition scores of the cattle were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the prevalence of tick infestation. Those old age group, female, poor body conditioned animals were highly affected by tick infestation than the counter parts. The current assessment showed that 86% of the study participants got market information, 34.2%, 9.3%, 56.5%, 14% of the respondents got market information weekly, monthly, sometimes and never got information, respectively. Major reasons for cattle price variation were seasonal fluctuation of market price, difference in number of attending traders, difference in market facilities and proximity to urban center. Generally, to alleviate cattle production constaraints, improvement of factors such as cattle feed sources and range land productivity, water sources, health service facilities were the main points to be considered in study area. https://zenodo.org/record/8803 10.20372/nadre:8803 oai:zenodo.org:8803 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8802 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Dhas District, Husbandry practices, feed resources, constraints, ticks, marketing. ASSESSMENT ON CATTLE HUSBANDRY AND MARKETING PRACTICES AND TICK PREVALENCE EVALUATION IN DHAS DISTRICT OF BORENA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8807 2025-07-16T09:02:46Z user-mwu123-un

Ahmed Abdulkadir 2024-10-17 Abstract Vulnerability to climate change is considered high in developing countries due to social, economic, and environmental conditions that amplify propensity to negative impacts and contribute to low capacity to cope with and adapt to climate hazards. The general objective of this study is to assess livelihood vulnerability of pastoral community to climate change and adaptation strategy in Ginnir woreda. To meet the objective the study used cross-sectional survey research designs with mixed research approach. The study applied a multi-stage sampling technique with simple random sampling method to select 363 sampled households and employed both quantitative and qualitative data. The study used data from both primary and secondary sources. Both descriptive statistical tools and qualitative narration were employed for analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed by using statistical techniques (range, frequency, and percentage). Whereas qualitative data was collected from note taking and recording activities, key informant interview and focused group discussion. Moreover, livelihood vulnerability was analyzed using several indexes. The result shows that the positive trend in rainfall implies that the study area is experiencing increasing amounts of precipitation over time, which could be linked to climate change. Whereas, the decreasing trends of temperature results to a cooling trend in the study area which contrasts with the broader global pattern of warming due to climate change. Regarding to sensitivity issues Keteti kebele’s livelihoods are less sensitive to climate variability, but still vulnerable. Whereas, Gamo Duksi kebele’s livelihoods are moderately sensitive and Dhobus kebele’s livelihoods are highly sensitive to climate change, and with the highest sensitivity score, Dhobu’s residents are at significant risk of livelihood disruption from climate-related events. The livelihood status of the three kebeles in relation to climate change is most vulnerable in Dhobu and least vulnerable in Keteti based on their sensitivity scores, with Gamo Duksi falling in between. Therefore, by improving resource management, diversifying livelihoods, and increasing access to climate information and social safety nets, pastoralists can build adaptation to the challenges posed by climate change. The study recommends designing supportive policies and investments that target areas with lower adaptive capacities to level the playing field and enhance overall resilience. https://zenodo.org/record/8807 10.20372/nadre:8807 oai:zenodo.org:8807 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8806 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Climate change, IPCC, Livelihood, Vulnerability Assessing Livelihood Vulnerability of Pastoral Community to Climate Change and Adaptation Strategy: The Case of Ginnir Woreda, East Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8809 2025-07-16T09:16:44Z user-mwu123-un

MOGES SHIMELS 2023-06-08 The general objective of the study were to assess the anthropogenic and natural factors leading to land degradation and suggest possible solutions to alleviate the problems of land degradation in Gasera district of Bale zone. Data was collected from 130 sample households through semi-structure questionnaire, FGD and personal observations in the study area. The assessment of causes and effect of land degradation study in the district was under taken by stratifying the area into three, based on altitude groups (i.e. 1100-1170 m.a.s.l, lower, 2358- 2441midium and >2441 higher m.a.s.lhighe). The household survey questionnaire was tabulated and summarized by utilizing SPSS. From the seven kebeles, soil sample were collected from each altitude above 23 totally 70 soil sample collected from all strata depth 10-15 cm.by auger. In each altitude group, sample of soil parameters has been taken. The soil samples were analyzed at Sinana agricultural research to determine selected physicochemical properties including soil pH, texture of soil, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter. The results of the household survey revealed that about 76.9% of the respondents were aware of the causes of land degradation as population growth, poor farming practices, over grazing, soil erosion and poverty. The results show that most of the household were aware of the consequences of land degradation indicating loss of agricultural productivity, followed by difficulty of farming and loss in livestock productivity. The study confirmed that land degradation on their farm-field was severe and mentioned that there is land degradation risk on their farm-field. The sources of information regarding the conservation practices were friends and relatives and there is poor or no contact with development agents of the study area. The laboratory analyses revealed that pH is not affected by land degradation, whereas total N, and soil texture (sand and clay) were significantly affected however, organic matter, available P and silt soil were not affected. In conclusion, the practice of land management practices measures can be determined by different factors. The most important factors include age, gender, education, household size, land size, off-farm activities, distance from home, total annual house hold income, contact with DAs, and training. Therefore, it is recommended that the farmers training centers (FTCs) and DAs in their respective kebeles should provide training and recent information about climate, soil erosion and land management practice. Additionally, there should be an effort to improve soil fertility and land management practices (combined used of organic and commercial fertilizer) alongside reduce land degradation measure. https://zenodo.org/record/8809 10.20372/nadre:8809 oai:zenodo.org:8809 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8808 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Causes and Effect Land degradation Gasera district CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF LAND DEGRADATION: THE CASE OF GASERA DISTRICT, BALE ZONE, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8819 2025-07-16T09:46:07Z user-mwu123-un

Abate Yared 2023-07-16 BSTRACT Owing to the high demand for animal urban and peri- urban areas there is large animal livestock farming and thus, animal manure is a valuable resource as well as a serious challenge to environments if not properly managed. This study was conducted with objectives of assesing farmers perception on manure production and utilization, and evaluate suitable technologies for manure management among urban and peri-urban livestock keepers in Hawassa and Shashemene towns.Further more to assess nutrient quality of manure and evaluating the nutrient composition of vermicomposting and conventional manure management in the study areas. For this study a total of eight kebeles from both urban and peri- urban of each towns were selected using purposive sampling techniques. A survey including 280 households,140 from urban and peri urban of Hawassa and 140 from urban and peri urban of Shashemene towns are selected using simple random sampling. Semi structured questionnaire are developed and translated to local language(Sidama and Oromiffa,Amharic) for data collection. Compost sample were collected for analysis of selected nutrients total Nitrogen, available phosphurs, potassium and moisture content parameters.Data obtained from survey and Laboratory result were analyzed by descriptive statistics using statistical packages for social science computer software (SPSS version 20). The result of the study showed large number of livestock are kept in the urban and peri-urban of target area and the households owned on average 4 to 8 cattle per household in the urban and periurban areas of Hawassa and Shashemene, respectively. In both study areas, the households owned cross-breed cattle more than the local breed. More livestock farming in urban area had also roofed type cattle house than peri-urban farming.The respondent 59 to 84% were kept animal manure with other materials, while only less than 5% of the households added materials to increase the volume of the manure. Cattle and poultry manures were the most commonly mixed manure types in Hawassa, whereas the manure of cattle and goats were the mixed types in Shashemene. About 38 to 46% of households in Hawassa preferred dry lot or heap and pit storage, whereas that of Shashemene used lagoon and daily spread. More than half of urban or periurban households in Hawassa and Shashemene towns prepared compost based on the information obtained through governmental extension program and the role of NGOs regard insignificant. While manure management technology was uncommon to the Hawassa area, the urban and peri-urban household in Shashemene accustomed to heap methods and biogas technologies xiv to the less extent. About 46% of urban households in the Hawassa and 39% of them in Shashemene used manure for crop production while a large percentage of the households in Shashemene as well as 46% of urban households in the Hawassa area used manure as fuel. The nutrient composition of the manure was influenced by manure handling, storage, and treatment technology. In conclusion, there is a promising urban and peri-urban livestock activity around Hawasa and Shashemene area although manure utilization is lesser. Therefore, more effort is required to promote sustainable manure management practices, and vermin composting technology practice should be promoted in government extension system, in private sector and non-governmental organization. https://zenodo.org/record/8819 10.20372/nadre:8819 oai:zenodo.org:8819 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8818 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by compost, Hawassa,manure handling, manure management,Shashemene towns,vermi compost. Assessment of Farmers Perception on Manure Management and Utilization on The Productivity of Animals in Urban and Peri-urban Production System Hawassa and Shashemene Towns Southern Ethiop info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8823 2025-07-16T10:03:04Z user-mwu123-un

MUKTAR SULTAN 2022-09-14 ABSTRACT The study was conducted in Ginnir district of East Bale Zone of Oromia Regional state, South East Ethiopia. A total of 133 households (HH) from four Farmer Associations, that participated in exotic and/or hybrid chicken rearing activities, were selected and involved in the study. The objectives were to characterize the existing management practices of exotic and hybrid chicken production potential, to identify the major constraints in the system , and to quantify seasonal variability of village based exotic and hybrid chicken production potential. The data collection were focus on a single-visit and multi-subject type survey conducted using structured questionnaires aimed at assessing seasonal variation in village based exotic and hybrid chicken production. The data were analysed using SAS software. The findings indicated that the overall flock size per HH was 14.4±0.20. The flock size in this study was not significantly (P<0.05) different between agro ecologies. Major phenotypic appearance of exotic and hybrid chicken flock was gray (28.9 %) followed by white (25.9%). Ninety eight percent of farmers were supplementing extra feeds and water for their chickens, with the main proportion of food leftover (26.4%) followed by spoiled grain (25.12%). The proportion of households providing supplementary feed were 42.85%, 40.60% in the morning, afternoon, respectively and 1.5% of farmers not offered supplementary feed. Most of the households (31.57%) were not provide feeds separately to the flock compositions. The purpose of keeping chicken was mainly for sale (ranked first with the index 0.32) followed by (cultural value 0.29) and (home consumption 0.26).The overall mean hatchability of eggs was 86% per hen per household. The larger eggs with oval shape and smooth in eggshell were the preferred characters in selection of incubating egg. The 73% of respondents reported that the highest mortality of chicks was occurring up to 2 weeks of age. Fluctuations in the prices of the village chicken and chicken-products were mainly due to purchasing power of the consumers (33.35%) and fasting (33.20%) and availability of products (32.45%). Almost all farmers were selling their chicken and chicken products in local markets with the prices of 185.69±4.87, 274.16±5.10, 254.30±3.07, 277.22±5 and 6.87±1.37 Birr for pullets, hens, cocks, cockerels and eggs, respectively. In conclusion, exotic chickens have low adaptability and high productivity in all agro ecological zones. It needs to match those conditions, based village chickens improvement must be done by all stockholders https://zenodo.org/record/8823 10.20372/nadre:8823 oai:zenodo.org:8823 doi:10.20372/nadre:8822 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by constraints, exotic chicken, Ginnir District, potentialconstraints, exotic chicken, Ginnir District, potential ASSESSMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF VILLAGE BASED EXOTIC AND HYBRID CHICKEN PRODUCTION POTENTIAL AND CONSTRAINTS IN GINNIR DISTRICT, EAST BALE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8815 2025-07-16T09:27:19Z user-mwu123-un

ABDELLA AHMED 2019-02-20 ABSTRACT Hamdryas baboons occur in different parts of Ethiopia; the population size has never been studied and determined. There was no research that was conducted on Hamadryas baboon in Gasera district. Farmers around this area facing a challenge due to Hmadryas baboon conflict with human. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess Hmadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) Population Size, Distribution and their Conflict with human in Community forest in Gasera District of Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia. Materials used for this study was GPS to plot study area, camera for scan sampling, Binocular to see Hamadryas baboon from the distance, note pad, pen, pencil and flash was used to record data and video cameras was to insure hamadryas baboon counting. Assessing Population size and distribution of hamadryas baboon was estimated using total count method at three counting sites by line transect. To assess hamadryas baboon conflict with human, questionnaires, and focus group discussion, was used. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical method as mean and percentage to analyze responses of the respondents on hamadryas baboonconflict with human, Chi-square test to compare sex and age structure of hamadryas baboon, T-test to compare wet and dry season population size of hamadryas baboon in each study site. The total number of individual during wet season was 1199 and 1146 during the dry season. The average number of hamadryas baboon observed in entire study area during both season was 1173. There was no significant difference between wet and dry season ( = 1.1978, = 1, > 0.05). During the wet season, the individual count from the study area was 16% adult male, 27% adult female, 12% sub adult male, 18% sub adult female, 10% juvenile male, 14% juvenile female, 3% infants. During the dry season, the individual count was 15.8% adult male, 28% adult female, 11.5% sub adult male, 18.5% sub adult female, 9% juvenile male, 14% juvenile female, 2.5% infants. The species of hamadryas baboon in the study area influenced by resource distribution and therefore the highest number of hamadryas baboon was found in Wolda jebesa, Wote chimo and Burkitu respectively. The proportion of female hamdryas baboon was high in all age groups expect infant in which identification of sex is difficult. Most of the respondents responded that there was conflict between human and hamdryas baboon due to crop and, livestock damage, overgrazing, plowing near the forest, and habitat clearance. Most of the respondents responded that training was not given on how to manage conflict so they negative attitude towards hamadryas baboon. https://zenodo.org/record/8815 10.20372/nadre:8815 oai:zenodo.org:8815 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8814 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Conflict, community forest, Gasera, Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas hamadryas), population size Hmadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) Population Size, Distribution and their Conflict with human in Community Forest in Gasera District of Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8827 2025-07-16T10:15:18Z user-mwu123-un

Kedir Shamil 2025-07-16 ABSTRACT This study was carried out in Bale Mountains National Park Southeastern Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to investigate the population structure, trends and habitat use of Mountain Nyala in three major habitat types (Gesse grassland, Woodland (Head quarter), Afroalpine habitats) which were identified by and sampled. Population counts of Mountain Nyala was carried out using stratified systematic transect line sampling method in the study area 25 transect line ranged from 0.2-3.5 km was made. In the study area about 2156 Mountain Nayala were counted in the wet season and 2032 individual Mountain Nyala were counted during the dry season. A total of 199 groups of Mountain Nyala were found in wet season and also 190 groups of this animal were counted in dry season in the study area. Of which, 142 groups observed in Gesse grassland, 39 groups observed in head quarter and 9 groups were observed in Afro-alpine during wet season. About 77.87% Mountain Nyala were observed in Gesse grassland and the rest 16.04% and 6.09% were observed in head quarter and Afro-alpine respectively. Likewise, in dry season about 80.31%, 17.03% and 2.66 were seen in Gesse, head quarter and Afro-alpine habitat respectively. Moreover, the study identified that the total number of Female juvenile groups was higher than the total group number of each groups. As the study show from the total wet season counted Mountain Nyala about 28.64 % were Female juvenile groups and about 31.05% of total count in dry season was also Female juvenile groups. Regarding to the trend of the population of Mountain Nyala it is irregular in each particular period of time. For instance in Gesse and Afro alpine sites the population were increased from 2013 to 2014, whereas, the number of this animal were decreased from 2014 to 2016 and since 2016 the number of Mountain Nyala is increasing. Regarding to the distribution and habitat preference of Mountain Nyala from the total counted Mountain Nyala about77.87% populations were found in Gesse grass land and the other 16.04% and 6.09% found in Afro alpine and Head Quarter respectively. Again Mountain Nyala prefer mostly Gesse open grassland habitat type and also Gesse forest and Gesse Bush land habitat types. To this end, regular assessment, monitoring and evaluation of Mountain Nyala and other wildlife population and conservation threats are essential for better conservation measures. https://zenodo.org/record/8827 10.20372/nadre:8827 oai:zenodo.org:8827 doi:10.20372/nadre:8826 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Mountain Nyala, Wildlife, Habits, Conservation Measures Population Status, Trends and Habitat Use Type of Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) In Bale Mountains National Park Southeastern Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8831 2025-07-16T10:53:55Z user-mwu123-un

WONDIMU SHIMELIS 2020-07-16 Abstract Habitat suitability is a critical aspect for the successful establishment and conservation translocation of species. Past studies have identified multiple factors that contribute to habitat suitability, such as ecological information assessment, social and organizational consideration. Considering these, this study intended to study the Habitat suitability, Social and Organizational Consideration. Standard habitat assessment transect (HAT) used for ecological information assessment applied for both current wolf optimal habitat (Web valley) and study area (Gaysay grassland) conducted in March 2019 (Dry Season). And it was resulted that Gaysay grassland shown lesser suitable in prey availability in comparison to web valley. Also, Gaysay grassland found in supporting more diverse habitat types than web valley with 31.3% habitats shared to common and the sampling sites found unlike in its prey dominancy across habitat types. Socioeconomic data were conducted through a door to door assessment by using a structured questionnaire-based interview with a combination of open and closed-ended and five-point Likert scale type questions. A data assessed was result that, communities have willing to see wolves back and shown impressive feeling to tolerate wolves if they may come back to their former habitat. But, it is still a challenge that the communities are using the proposed site in multiple uses that more emphasized consumptive ways that could be taken as threats again for the habitat. With the same thought, the concerning organizational expertise reached via email, phone and direct filling questioner designed found remarkably support the ideas of reintroduction with a decisive suggestions that support the proposed areas to be checked seriously and carefully. In general Gaysay grassland found faintly lesser in prey availability and habitat types; it needs further analysis on other related issues over the proposed areas. The threats identified under this study and other expected concerns were recommended to management intervention in order to minimum the threats and to make the habitat more suitable and secured https://zenodo.org/record/8831 10.20372/nadre:8831 oai:zenodo.org:8831 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8830 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Habitat, rodent, Ethiopian Wolf, translocation, reintroduction Gaysay grassland, optimal wolf's habitat, Bale Mountains National Park Assessment of Habitat Suitability, Social and Organizational Consideration for a Conservation Translocation of Ethiopian Wolves in Gaysay Grassland and Web valley, Bale Mountains National Park, EthiopiaAssessment of Habitat Suitability, Social and Organizational Consideration for a Conservation Translocation of Ethiopian Wolves in Gaysay Grassland and Web valley, Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8835 2025-07-16T10:53:27Z user-mwu123-un

SAID SHALE SADIA 2022-01-05 Although artificial insemination, the most commonly used and valuable biotechnological tool which has been in operation in Ethiopia for over 30 years, the efficiency and impact of the operation have not been well-documented. This study was undertaken in Gedab Hasasa district with objectives of assessing status of artificial insemination service in Gedab Hasasa district, identifying artificial insemination practices of dairy cattle in the study area and identifying the major constraints associated with AI in study area. For this study across sectional survey study was used. From the total kebels found in the district (33 kebeles) about six(6) kebeles were selected purposively based on accessibility, cost of sample collection and availability of dairy cows. Then, about 180 households were selected using simple random sampling method from sample frame of population for survey part. Data were collected using semi structured questionnaire; focus group discussion and record of artificial insemination record book (retrospective data). The questionnaires were pre-tested and translated into local language (Afan Oromo) and administered to respondents. The data were analysis using statistical analysis system. Data was summarized using descriptive statistics (means, standard deviation, proportion s, minimum and maximum values).Chi-square test was used to test significance difference between categorical variables and a p-value < 0.05 was considered to look this significance level. Livestock production in the area had an increasing, decreasing, and stable trend with the percentage 9.44%, 75% and 15.56% are respectively trends of livestock production. There was no significant difference between Keble’s (p>0.05). Artificial insemination services in the study area 91.67% respondents of dairy owner while 8.33% dairy owner reported that the not available. There was no significant difference between Kebles (p>0.05) The major constraints associated with artificial insemination service in the study area were lack of AITs, lack of awareness about heat detection and delayed time of insemination with an index value 0.265, 0.232 and 0.117, respectively. It recommended that awareness should be created for farmers focusing on heat detection, time of insemination and the linkage between federal, regional, zonal and district institution should be strong enough to encourage the AIT. Therefore, artificial insemination services require urgent measures to improve service delivery mechanism. https://zenodo.org/record/8835 10.20372/nadre:8835 oai:zenodo.org:8835 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8834 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Artificial Insemination service, Constraints, Practice, Status, ASSESSMENT OF STATUS, PRACTICES AND CONSTRAINTS ASSOSSIATED WITH ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION SERVICE DAIRY COWS IN GADAB ASASA DISTRICT OF WEST ARSI ZONE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8829 2025-07-16T10:33:50Z user-mwu123-un

ERBO SHEKO 2023-10-18 ABSTRACT Bread wheat is one of the major crops for large numbers of people living in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, it suffers the greatest yield reduction due to weed competition. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of herbicide application timing and seed rate on weeds, yield, and yield components of bread wheat in the West Arsi Zone of Oromia Regional State, Southeast Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted at two locations using a randomized complete block design by seed rate of 125kg, 150kg and 175kg and herbicide management (@21,@28,@35.@42 and weed control and weed free plots) with three replications . Various data related to weed; wheat yield components were collected and analyzed using statistical analysis software SAS 9.4 and SAS JMP PRO 17. The results indicated significant impacts on days of maturity, plant height, spike length, grain yield, and thousand-grain weight. The study revealed that the seed rate and timing of herbicide application played crucial roles in determining wheat maturity, yield, and grain weight. The location also had a significant influence on thousand-grain weight. The interactions between location and seed rate, location and time of herbicide application, and seed rate and time of herbicide application exhibited variations in harvest index, biomass, and plant height. Specifically seed rate at 125 kg per with wed free weed management were identified to optimize days to heading, harvest index and effective control of weed and gave maximum yield. The recommended combination for optimal yield of bread wheat was a seed rate of 125kg/ha and weed free plot. The result of this study provides supportive insights for farmers, researchers, and agricultural office creates awareness and training for farmers in weed management strategies to enhance wheat productivity. To have comprehensive recommendation it is better to conduct the same experiment in different seasons. https://zenodo.org/record/8829 10.20372/nadre:8829 oai:zenodo.org:8829 doi:10.20372/nadre:8828 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by harvest index; herbicide application timing; seed rate; yield; yield components EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE AND TIME OF HERBICIDE APPLICATION AND ON GROWTH, YIELD, AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN TWO WEST ARSI, OROMIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8841 2025-07-16T11:05:43Z user-mwu123-un

Gonfa Kewessa* Lemma Tiki Abiot Molla 2014-06-16 Research Report from the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (June, 2014). https://zenodo.org/record/8841 10.20372/nadre:8841 oai:zenodo.org:8841 doi:10.20372/nadre:8840 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Parkland agroforestry, soil nutrients improvement, tree based land use systems Effects of Hypericum revolutum trees on major soil nutrients and on selected soil physicochemical properties in Goba District, Oromia, Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/report publication-report

oai:zenodo.org:8843 2025-07-16T11:12:56Z user-mwu123-un

SILESHI ZELEKE FIRAOL 2021-02-03 This study was conducted with the objective of assessing woody plant species composition, structure and regeneration status along disturbance gradient of Werganbula forest at Sude District, Arsi, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The forest of the study area was stratified into low disturbed, moderately disturbed and heavily disturbed forest based on the human-induced forest disturbance level. Nine transect lines (three for each disturbance gradient) at 400m interval were laid and eight sample plots were established along each transect line with interval of 200m. A total of 72 plots were established in the study area for woody plant species data collection. Accordingly, sample plots with 20m * 20m for trees, 5m * 5m, for shrubs and 2m * 2m for saplings and seedlings were laid down. Shannon wiener index and Simpson index were employed to determine the woody plant species diversity and also the structure and regeneration status of woody plant species in the study area was analyzed. One-way ANOVA was used to test the significant difference of diversity, structure and regeneration status among three disturbance gradient of the forest. A total of 64 woody plant species belonging to 59 genera and 45 families were recorded. The dominant family was Fabaceae and Rosaceae followed by Asteraceae. Out of recorded woody plant species, four (6.25%) are endemic to Ethiopia. The highest woody plant species richness and diversity were recorded in the least disturbed forest followed by moderately forest and heavily disturbed forest. This indicates that, the human-induced disturbance and environmental variable had significant effect on woody plant species diversity in the study area. The overall density of woody plant species in the study area were 956individuals per hectare. The majority of the woody species in the study area were distributed in the lower diameter and height classes. This result showed that there were illegal cutting of woody plant species that found in the higher diameter and height classes by local community. As far as the regeneration status was concerned, the number of seedlings recorded in the study area were greater than of saplings and matures and that of matures was greater than saplings; indicated that there were fair regeneration status of woody plant species in the study area. The regression analysis indicated that, there was a significant decrease in species richness and abundance with the increase of elevation, slopes and anthropogenic disturbance (livestock and felled trees). This indicated that, the current anthropogenic pressures in the study area might be diminishing of diversity, structure and regeneration status of woody plant species. Thus, the collaboration of local communities, the district agricultural office and other interested individuals needs to protect the forest from the severe human-induced forest disturbance https://zenodo.org/record/8843 10.20372/nadre:8843 oai:zenodo.org:8843 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8842 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Environmental factors, Human-induced disturbance, Regeneration status, Species diversity, Woody species WOODY SPECIES DIVERSITY, STRUCTURE AND REGENERATION STATUS ALONG DISTURBANCE GRADIENT IN WERGANBULA NATURAL FOREST, SUDE WOREDA, ARSI ZONE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8851 2025-07-16T11:27:28Z user-mwu123-un

LUCHA BULCHA GEMECHU 2022-11-02 Oat (Bonsa) and Vetch (Gebisa) mixture pasture experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed proportion and planting pattern treatment) on Dry Matter Yield (DMY), compatibility and chemical composition of the mixed stand. Seeds of oat and vetch were mixed as A1B1(50%oat+50%vetch), A2B3(75%oat+25%vetch), A3B3(25% oat+75%vetch), A4B1(100% oat), A5B2 (100% vetch), A4B2 (100 % oat), A5B1 (100 % vetch), A4B3(100% oat) and A5B3(100% vetch) and were sown in the same row (B2), alternate (B3) and broadcasting pattern (B1). Randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement having two factors (five levels of oat-vetch mixture with three planting pattern and two Locations) with three replications were used to layout the experiment. The longest plant height (88 .3 and 115.83 cm) was recorded for A3B3 and A2B3 in vetch followed by oat in mixture in both alternate row pattern whereas the shortest (41.9 and 55.7cm) recorded for A2B2 (75%oat+25%vetch) and A3B2 (25% vetch +75% oat) for vetch and oat seed proportion in both same row planting pattern, respectively. Similarly, the highest FBY (21.7 and 3.95 t/ha) followed by (53.5 and 12.95 t/ha) was recorded in vetch followed by oat for A3B3 and A2B3(25% vetch+75%oat) and (75%oat+25%vetch) in both alternate row planting pattern respectively.The A2B3 and A3B3 (75%oat+25%vetch) and A3B3 (25%oat+75% vetch) seed proportion resulted in significantly higher (P<0.001) DMY for oat and vetch (P<0.001) in the mixture. For oat and vetch, total herbage yield, an alternate row planting pattern gave significantly the highest (p<0.0001) DMY, followed by broadcasting. The maximum RY in oat(1.79)and vetch (0.77) was observed with RYT of 3.2 forA2B3 and A3B3 in plots planted with alternate row pattern. Yet, the minimum (0.1) and (0.17)was observed at A3B2 and A2B2 in oat and vetch in plots treated with same row pattern. Similarly, the maximum CR in oat (9) and vetch (1.2) and total LER (5.94) was observed at A2B3 and A3B3 in plots treated with alternate row pattern .Yet, the minimum CR 2.13, 0.29 and 0.57 was observed in oat, vetch and total LER at A1B3, A2B1 and A3B2 in the treatment. The maximum (22.23%) and minimum (12.1%) CP content was observed for A5B1 and A4B2 in sole vetch and oat in the treatment. Similarly, the maximum DM content was 92.6 observed for A3B1 whereas the minimum 88.2 % was observed A3B2 in plots treated with broadcasting and same row pattern. The maximum Ash (12.72 %) recorded for A2B2 in plot treated with same row pattern whereas the minimum 8.37 % was recorded for A5B1 in plot treated with broadcasting. Similarly, the maximum NDF (59.6%), ADF (33.39%) and ADL (7.65%) was recorded in plots treated with same and broadcasting row pattern. Whereas, the minimum NDF (35.41 %) , ADF (24.03 %) and ADL(3.23 %) was recorded for A5B1, A3B3 and A5B2 in plots treated with broadcasting, alternate and same row planting pattern respectively. Therefore, to get the maximum DM yield A2B3 was appropriate for oat and vetch seed proportion whereas to get maximum CP A5B1 in sole stand vetch was suitable among https://zenodo.org/record/8851 10.20372/nadre:8851 oai:zenodo.org:8851 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8850 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by : Dry matter yield, Relative yield, chemical composition,Oat and Vetch Mixture EFFECT OF SEED PROPORTION AND PLANTING PATTERN ON DRY MATTER YIELD,COMPATIBILITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF OAT AND VETCH MIXTURES IN SINANA DISTRICT, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8863 2025-07-16T11:53:13Z user-mwu123-un

BUZUNA GIRMA 2025-07-16 The critical period for weed control is the period in the crop growth cycle during which weeds must be controlled to prevent unacceptable yield losses. In view of this, the present study was conducted to determine the critical periods of weed-crop competition and yield losses in faba bean during 2018 main cropping season at Madda Walabu University and Sinana Agricultural Research center. The experiment consisted of eighteen treatments in two sets, i.e one weedy(increasing duration of weed interference) and one weed free(increasing duration of weed free period) set each comprising weed competition durations up to 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60,70 and 80 days after crop emergence and up to harvest). It was laid out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. The result revealed that the experimental fields were infested both with broadleaved and grassy weeds. The dominant weed species were Guizotia scabra (29.7%), Spergula arvensis L (15.9%) and Corrigiola capensis willd (8.8%) among broadleaved while Digitaria abyssinica (19.7%) among grass weeds at Madda Walabu and Amaranthus spinosus (37.0%) among broadleaved and Digitaria abyssinica (18.2%) among grass weeds at Sinana. With increasing duration of weed interference, weed density, weed dry weight, days to50% flowering at Madda Walabu and the number of days required to attain physiological maturity of faba bean were increased whereas plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, Stand count at harvest, aboveground dry biomass, hundred seed weight, grain yield, and harvest index of the faba bean crop were reduced, but it was reverse in case of increasing duration of weed free periods. At both Madda Walabu and Sinana, uncontrolled weed growth significantly(P<0.01) reduced faba bean grain yield by 72 and 69.2%, respectively as compared to the grain yield obtained from the weed-free check plots. To reduce the loss in the grain yield of faba been by more than 10%, it is important to keep the crop weed-free between 210 to 822 growing degree days (20 to 80 days after crop emergence) at Madda Walabu and 166 to 916 growing degree days (14 to 80 days after crop emergence) at Sinana. https://zenodo.org/record/8863 10.20372/nadre:8863 oai:zenodo.org:8863 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8862 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by faba bean; Critical period; Weed-crop competition; Yield los DETERMINATION OF THE CRITICAL PERIOD OF WEED COMPETITION FABA BEAN (Vicia faba L.) IN BALE HIGHLANDS, SOUTH EASTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8867 2025-07-16T11:57:55Z user-mwu123-un

Takele Elsabet 2016-10-02 Usage of natural resources to meet the demands of human being has an impact on the natural resources. The purpose of the study was to investigate the natural resource usage constraints and their temporal change in Bale Eco Region, Southeast Ethiopia. Both qualitative and quantitative cross sectional study designs were employed. Data was collected using HH survey, in depth interview, focus group discussion and field observation. Data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were implemented by using SPSS software version 20. Chi-Square test, frequencies and percentage were used to compare differences among variables with respect to the three agro-ecologies and statistical significance was decreased at P ≤ 0.05. Qualitative data was first transcribed to texts in local language then retranslated to English for writing the report. Data analysis was done after categorizing the transcripts. The information obtained from quantitative and qualitative sources were triangulated to ensure the relevance of the results of the study. Based on the finding of the study trends of land holding probability (p=0.00) and land productivities= (0.00), and trend of water quality (p=0.00) were significantly difference. Physical, technological and extension services were among the constraints that are identified to influence water and other natural resources utilization in the three agro-ecologies of BER. Lack of technology and lack of science based knowledge were among of the critical constraints that reported by majority of the respondents that limit them from utilizing their natural resources. Almost in all agro- ecologies, low and erratic rainfall, climate variability, drought, inaccessibility, lack of water sources, poor water quality was the common constraints of NR utilization. It is recommended that concerned bodies should minimize constraints of responsible natural resource utilizations and temporal natural resources degradation in BER. https://zenodo.org/record/8867 10.20372/nadre:8867 oai:zenodo.org:8867 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8866 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Agro-ecology, constraints, natural resource, temporal change, usage of natural resource. Natural Resource Usage Constraints and their Temporal Change in Bale Eco-Region, Southeast Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8871 2025-07-16T12:02:52Z user-mwu123-un

TADESSE SIME ENDESHAW 2019-09-08 Malt barley (Hordeum Distichon L.) is an important industrial crop worldwide and in Ethiopia. Among many factors that affect yield and quality of the crop, soil nutrient depletion is a serious problem.Hence, field experiment was conducted during 2018/19 main cropping season at two sites in Sinana District to determine yield and quality response of malt barley varieties to N rate and time of applications. The treatments included: two malt barley varieties (Singtan and Traveler) four level of nitrogen (N) (23, 46, 69, and 92 kgha-1) and three time of application (1/2 at planting and ½ at mid tillering, 1/3 at planting and 2/3 at mid tillering and all at planting arranged in RCBD factorial. Highly Significant variation (P < 0.001) was observed on days to 50% flowering; effective tiller, 1000 seed weight, Test weight, grain yield, harvest index, biomass and straw yield due to the interaction effect of site, varieties, N-rate and time of application. The highest yield (3414kgha-1 and 3020kgha-1) was recorded from Traveler at (92 kg Nha-1) under split application of ½ at planting ; 1/2 at tillering and 1/3 at palnting; 2/3 at planting respectively. The quality parameter was also highly influenced by the treatment. There were highly significant (P<0.001) interaction effect of site by variety on protein, extract, friability and grain (N) content. The economic analysis also indacted that, the highest N rate combined with 1/2Pand 1/2T for traveler variety were promising treatment combination. Therefore, based on the findings of the present study, it can be tentatively concluded that application of N at the rate of (92 kg Nha-1) under split application in to 1/2 at palnting;1/2 at tillering found to be the best treatment combination for higher yeld of Traveler variety. Further, Dinsho is the ideal malt barley production area. However, it is difficult to develop general recommendations from this single season experiment and it is important to conduct this experiment over years and over locations to address the rate effect on the yield and quality of malt barley over different agro- ecology and climate to reach on concrete results and recommendations https://zenodo.org/record/8871 10.20372/nadre:8871 oai:zenodo.org:8871 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8870 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Malt barley, Nitrogen, Time of application, yield and quality YIELD AND QUALITY RESPONSE OF MALT BARLEY (Hordeum distichon L.) VARIETIES TO RATE AND TIME OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN BALE HIGHLAND, SOUTHEASTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8869 2025-07-16T12:00:30Z user-mwu123-un

KEBEBEW GOSAYE 2019-05-01 Food barley is among the most important food crop for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. However, its yield is constrained by weed infestations. A study was conducted in 2018 cropping season at Madda Walabu University and Sinana Agriculture Research Center, with the objective of determining the critical periods of weed-interference and yield losses in food barley. The experiment consisted of sixteen treatments in two sets, i.e. one weed free and one weedy set each comprising weed competitions and weed free durations up to 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 days after crop emergence and harvest. It was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications for each set. The result showed that dominant weed species were Galinsoga parviflora and Guizotia scabra with the highest relative densities of 23.2% and 13.7% at Madda Walabu University and Avena fatua L and Amaranthus hybridus L. with the highest relative densities of 15.6% and 12.6% at Sinana Agriculture Research Center. Furthermore, weed density, total weed density and dry weight, days to 90% physiological maturity, plant height, spike length, number of tillers, number of seed perspike, thousand kernel weight, grain yield and above ground dry biomass were affected highly significantly (P<0.01) by Increasing duration weedy period and weed free period. But days to heading and harvest index (HI) were non-significant (P>0.05). With increasing duration of weed interference, weed density, weed dry weight, and the number of days required to reach physiological maturity of food barley were increased whereas the number of effective tiller, number of seeds per spike, spike length, thousand kernel weight, grain yield, aboveground dry biomass, and harvest index of crop were reduced. At Madda Walabu University and Sinana Agriculture Research Center, uncontrolled weed growth significantly reduced food barley grain yield by 66% and 56%, respectively, compared to the grain yield obtained from the weed free check. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that, to reduce the loss in the grain yield of food barley by more than 10%, it is important to keep the crop weed free between 160 to 580 growing degree days (16 to 70 days after crop emergence) at Madda Walabu University and from 260 to 520 growing degree days (26 to 70 days after crop emergence) at Sinana. https://zenodo.org/record/8869 10.20372/nadre:8869 oai:zenodo.org:8869 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8868 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Critical period; grain yield; weed-crop competition; yield loss DETERMINATION OF THE CRITICAL PERIOD OF WEED IN FOOD BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.) COMPETITION IN BALE HIGH LANDS, SOUTH EASTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8881 2025-07-16T12:15:26Z user-mwu123-un

MERGIA HABTAMU 2025-07-16 Malt barley is one of the most important staple food crops in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, its production and productivity is reduced due to improper cultural practices. In view of this, a field experiment was conducted to identify the effects of different sowing dates on growth, yield components, yield and quality malt barley varieties at Madda Walabu University (MWU) and Sinana Agricultural Research Center (SARC) during the 2018/19 main cropping season. Experimental treatments of seven different sowing dates (31st July, 7th August, 14th August, 21st August, 28th August, 4th September and 11th September) with two malt barley varieties (Ibon 174/03 and Bekoji-1) were arranged in a factorial combination using RCBD with three replications. The results showed that days to 50% emergence, days to 50% heading, days to 90% physiological maturity, spike length, above ground dry biomass, harvest index and hectoliter weight (HLW) were affected significantly (P<0.01) by the main effects of sites, sowing dates and varieties whereas, the number of effective tillers per plant, number of seeds per spike, thousand kernel weight (TKW), grain yield, grain nitrogen percent and grain protein content were affected significantly (P<0.05) by interaction of sowing dates and varieties. Furthermore, the interaction effect of sites, sowing dates and varieties highly significantly (P<0.01) affected the plant height and number of total tillers per plant. In case of sowing dates significantly the highest grain yield (4229.2 kg ha-1), harvest index (33.01 %) and number of seeds spike-1 (28.07) was obtained when crop was sown during 7th August while the lowest grain yield (1841.4 kg ha- 1) and HLW (56.48 kg hl-1) produced when the crop was sown during 11th September. Among the varieties, Ibon 174/03 produced the highest grain yield (4229.2 kg ha-1) and TKW (51.07 g), while the lowest grain yield (1841.4 kg ha-1), TKW (33.0 g) and the highest grain protein content (14.33 %) was obtained from variety Bekoji-1. Thus, from the result of this study, depending on the agronomic performance, yield, and grain protein content sowing variety Ibon 174/03 during 7th August found to be more advantageous. https://zenodo.org/record/8881 10.20372/nadre:8881 oai:zenodo.org:8881 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8880 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Malt barley, sowing dates, quality EFFECT OF SOWING DATES ON GROWTH, YIELD COMPONENTS, YIELD AND QUALITY OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MALT BARLEY (Hordeum distichon L.) IN BALE HIGHLANDS, SOUTHEASTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8875 2025-07-16T12:09:52Z user-mwu123-un

GEMEDA LELISO HABIB 2025-07-16 The common bean is becoming a significant pulse crop in Ethiopia due to its use as a means of income and for ensuring food security. At the Adamitulu and Gibe sites, there are low productivity due to use of inappropriate inter row spacing for varieties in the study areas. In order to determine growth and yield response of common bean varieties to different interrow spacing at studied areas. The experiment was carried out at Gibe in southwest Ethiopia and the central rift valley of Adamitulu during the 2022 growing season. The treatments were set up in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, and they included factorial combinations of the three common bean varieties (DAB-372, Nassir, and Zoasho) and five inter-row spacings (broadcasting, 30cm, 35cm, 40cm, and 45cm). The number of nodules per plant, number of seeds per pod grain, leaf number, leaf area index and days to 90% physiological maturity and yield were significantly influenced by variety. The Nassir variety produced the most grains per hectare (3755.55 kg/ha) and seeds per pod (4.15), while the Zoasho variety produced the least grains per hectare (3.66) and seeds per pod (1105.55 kg/ha). The variety DAB-372 recorded the highest days to 50% flowering (46.73), physiological maturity (86.13), and leaf area index (3.77), whereas the variety Zowasho recorded the lowest days to 50% flowering (46.26), days to 90% physiological maturity (84.73), and leaf area index (3.77). Interrow spacing showed highly significant (P 0.01) effects: days to 50% flowering (48.61), number of nodules per plant (62.96), days to 90% physiological maturity (87.61), number of pods per plant (18.50), number of seeds per pod (4.15) were observed at the widest interrow spacing of 45 cm, and grain yield (3755.55 kg/ha) was observed at the narrower interrow spacing of 35 cm, while the lowest was recorded at broadcasting, but the lowest grain yield was observed at 45 cm. Varieties interactions with interrow spacing had a highly significant (P 0.01) impact on the number of nodules per plant and grain yield, as well as a significant (P 0.05) impact on the number of leaves, the number of seeds per pod, and the days to 90% physiological maturity. It has been determined that the common bean varieties Nassir and DAB-372 produced the highest yields in the study area and in nearby agricultural areas. To come to a more trustworthy conclusion and make a recommendation for Adamitulu and Gibe, the study needs to be repeated over seasons because this result only applies to one season. https://zenodo.org/record/8875 10.20372/nadre:8875 oai:zenodo.org:8875 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8874 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) VARIETIES TO DIFFERENT INTER ROW SPACING IN ADAMITULU DISTRICT AND ABASHGE DISTRICT, CENTERAL RIFT VALLEY AND WESTERN ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8895 2025-07-16T12:33:07Z user-mwu123-un

BAHIRU KETEMA BAYISA 2021-01-03 This study was conducted in Sawena district, south eastern Ethiopia to assess available feed resources with particular emphasis to biomass yield, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of major browse species. A semi-structured questionnaire was used at household levels and a total of 187 respondents were participated in the interview. A total of 10 browse species foliage were collected from four Pastoralist Association (PAs) during the dry season for chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and biomass yield determination. The browse species were selected based on their preference by livestock, availability and distribution in the district. The qualitative data and mean differences between tree and shrub browses forms on chemical composition, biomass yields and in vitro dry matter digestibility of major browse species were compared using independent samples T-test using SPSS. The major livestock feed resources available in the study area were natural pasture and browse species with a rank index values of 0.52 and 0.48, respectively in the wet season, while browse species and standing hay with a rank index values of 0.30 and 0.28, respectively in the dry season. The purposes of keeping livestock in the study area were primarily for milk, while it was also for income and prestige status as prioritized with a rank index values of 0.21, 0.18 and 0.17, respectively. Drought was the first livestock production constraint followed by shortage of feed and water scarcity as prioritized with a rank index values of 0.25, 0.22 and 0.20, respectively. According to the respondents, all the livestock species in the study area consume browse species. Leaves, pods, twigs and flowers were the plant parts utilized by livestock while, leaves were the most preferred part. Estimated herbage biomass yield significant (P<0.05) difference between the tree and shrub browses forms of browse species. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the tree and shrub browses forms on IVDMD and chemical composition except for Ash and OM (P<0.05). The digestibility and CP content in browse species (Balanites aegyptiaca, Dichrostachys cinerea, Acacia brevispica and Boscia mossambicensis) implying that, these browse species could be used to improve animal performance through improving intake and digestibility of low quality feed resources. Further study on individual browse species for their mineral content, anti-nutritional factors and feeding trial of top quality browse species are important https://zenodo.org/record/8895 10.20372/nadre:8895 oai:zenodo.org:8895 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8894 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Biomass yield; Browse species; Chemical composition; In vitro digestibility ASSESSMENT OF FEED RESOURCES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO BIOMASS YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MAJOR BROWSE SPECIES IN SAWENA DISTRICT, SOUTH EASTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8893 2025-07-16T12:34:33Z user-mwu123-un

BEKELE FEYISSA HUNDE 2023-07-05 Weed infestation in collaboration with other factors have been causing a substantial yield loss in bread wheat across Ethiopia. Thus, the field experiment was conducted to investigate the response of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to integrated weed management practices in Bale Highland, South Eastern Ethiopia during the 2021 main cropping season at Madda Walabu University (MWU) and Sinana Agricultural Research Center (SARC). The experiment consists of 12 treatments vies: Pyroxsulam (0.5, 0.375, 0.25lit ha- 1 +8WAE) plus one hand weeding, Atlantis (1, 0.75, 0.5lt ha-1+8WAE) plus one hand weeding, pallas (0.25 lit ha-1+8 and 10WAE) plus twice hand weeding, Pyroxsulam 0.5lit ha-1, Atlantis 1lit ha-1 alone, hand weeding 20-50 DAE, weed free control and weedy check which arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The result showed that weed dry weight and weed control efficiency were highly significantly (P<0.01) influenced by the main effect of weed management practices. However, days to 50% flowering, days 50% heading, Total tiller, productive tiller, seed per spike ,thousand kernel weight, spike length, plant height, Harvest index and grain yield were highly significantly (P<0.01) affected by the main response of site and integrated weed management practices. However, Aboveground biomass and Straw yield were highly significantly (P<0.01) affected by the interaction of sites and integrated weed management practices respectively. Weed flora consists of broad leaved and grass weeds with relative density of 87.19 and 12.81 at Madda Walabu University and 83.08 and 12.82 at Sinana Agricultural Research Center respectively. Among interaction response of integrated weed management with sites almost zero total weed density, dry weight, minimum weed index and maximum weed control efficiency (100%) was obtained in weed free check plots at both sites; while maximum total weed density 28.33m-2 and weed dry weight 18.32m-2 was obtained at Madda Walabu University in weedy check plots. Among integrated weed management practices total tiller (5.83 per plant), effective tillers (5.66 per plant), spike length (8.8cm), grain yield (5014.3kg ha-1 ) with harvest index (49.96%) was obtained from weed control plots and total kernel weight (56.2gm) obtained from hand weeding (20-50DAE) plots. However the maximum days to 50% flowering (73 days), minimum spike lengths (6.2cm), thousand kernel weights (34.2gm), and grain yield with harvest index (35.23%) was obtained from weedy plots. The highest net benefit (154,180.3 birr) and grain yield with the application of Atlantis 1 lt ha-1 supplemented by 8WAE hand weeding. Therefore, the experiment has to be repeated with different methods of integrated weed management for sustainable weed management in wheat https://zenodo.org/record/8893 10.20372/nadre:8893 oai:zenodo.org:8893 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8892 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Weeds, herbicide rate, hand weeding, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) RESPONSE OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) TO INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN BALE HIGHLAND, SOUTH EASTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8889 2025-07-16T12:42:52Z user-mwu123-un

SULTAN SIRAJ 2023-06-14 ABSTRACT The uses of plant species have a long history and become important sources of welfare and healthcare in Ethiopia. However these plant species and their associated indigenous knowledge may be lost due to rapid change in socio-economic and environmental conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate the ethno botany of traditional cosmetics among Oromo women in Madda Walabu District of Bale Zone, South eastern Oromia, Ethiopia. Ethno botanical information such as the local names of plants plant species used for traditional cosmetics, method of preparation and administration were collected among 150 Oromo women who were knowledgeable in traditional cosmetics using semi-structured questionnaires. Thereafter, quantitative ethno botanical indices, including Informant consensus factor (ICF), and the level of fidelity (Fl) were computed to determine the most important species used by the women were calculated. A total of 49 plant species belonging to 25 families used as a source of traditional cosmetics were recorded among Oromo women in Madda Walabu District of Bale Zone. The most common mily was Fabaceae followed by Bigonaceae Burseraceae and Combretaceae. Majority of the plants used as a traditional cosmetics were trees, followed by shrubs and herbs in life forms’ Leaves are the most commonly used plant part in traditional cosmetics followed by barks, andmaceration and decoction are the most common preparation methods that are used to prepare plant based traditional cosmetics. Furthermore, smoking was also mentioned as the common methods particularly in the use of traditional cosmetics as a perfume. The traditional cosmetics are applied on different parts of the body. In addition, these natural-based cosmetics are mainly administered topically while oral infusions were not common. All categories had high FIC values, ranging from 0.80 to 0.98. The highest FIC value was found for skin treatment, followed by hair, and Face mask. Overall, Commiphora habessinica, Gnidia stenophylla,Kalanchoe lanceolata, Mimusops kummel,Sesamothamnus rivae,Terminalia brownie, Terminalia laxiflora, Acacia repanolobium,, Acacia mellifera and Aloe citrina were the most frequently cited plants by Oromo women for traditional cosmetic purposes in the study area. However, there will be a need to conduct laboratory-based experiments to establish the efficacy and safety of these documented plants using relevant biological assays https://zenodo.org/record/8889 10.20372/nadre:8889 oai:zenodo.org:8889 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8888 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Maceration, Madda Walabu, Oromo women, Skin, Traditional CosmeticsMaceration, Madda Walabu, Oromo women, Skin, Traditional Cosmetics ETHNOBOTANY OF TRADITIONAL COSMETICS AMONG THE OROMO WOMEN INMADDA WALABU DISTRICT, BALE ZONE, SOUTH EASTERN OROMIA, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8885 2025-07-16T12:21:50Z user-mwu123-un

HARO JILO HAILU 2025-07-16 The study was carried out in Goro Dola district of Guji Zone of the Oromia region, Southern Ethiopia to assess seasonal feed resource availability, utilization practices and coping strategies of feed scarcity and chemical composition of major feed resources. Assessment was made from December to January 2019/2020. A semi-structured questionnaire interview and group discussions were employed to generate data. For survey data collection a total of 160 respondents (Pastoral=80, Agro-pastoral=80) were randomly selected and interviewed individually. Based on the survey results 16 major feed resources (8 from each production system) were identified and sampled for chemical analysis. Results were compared using independent samples T-test for variables observed between production systems and one way ANOVA was used for feed type’s comparison. The major feed resources available were natural pasture (rank index=0.356), browse species (0.184) and local mineral (0.154) in the wet season while standing hay (rank index=0.294), browse species (0.210) and crop residues (0.194) in the dry season. The feeding systems for livestock in the study district were mainly free grazing (rank index=0.45) followed by cut and carrying system and tethering, in the district. Feed (rank index=0.246) and water (0.154) scarcity were major constraints of the livestock production in the study district. Drought (rank index=0.249) was the major cause for feed shortage followed by grazing land degradation and conversion of grazing land into farmland. The pastoralists alleviate feed scarcity through feed conservation as standing hay, using browses species; herd mobility and storing surplus feeds produced in the dry season. The chemical composition of major feed resources, the ash (P<0.05) and NDF (P<0.001) content of grasses were higher, than crop residues and browses. The CP (P<0.001) and ADL (P<0.05) content of browse species were higher than grass and crop residues while the ADF content in crop residues were significantly higher (P<0.005) than grass and browse species. Based on the recommended level of fibers and CP, the NDF and ADF content were higher than the recommended level coupled with low CP content, except for browse species, indicates that the feed resources analyzed were poor in quality. Thus livestock in Goro Dola district needs supplementary feeds from other sources for maintenance and production https://zenodo.org/record/8885 10.20372/nadre:8885 oai:zenodo.org:8885 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8884 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Agro-pastoral, Chemical composition, Feed resources, Pastoral, Utilization practice ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR FEED RESOURCES, UTILIZATION PRACTICES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION EVALUATION IN GORO DOLA DISTRICT, GUJI ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8907 2025-07-16T12:50:59Z user-mwu123-un

AMAN HUSEN 2019-06-05 Even though Bale Zone is one of the major wheat belt areas in Ethiopia, the productivity is low as compared to the world average due to yield limiting factors like poor agronomic practices inappropriate seeding rate, improper adjustment of row spacing, and other factors. In view of this, a field experiment was conducted to identify the effect of seeding rate and row spacing on yield and yield components of bread wheat at Madda Walabu University Research Site (Bale Robe) and Sinana Agricultural Research Center (SARC), during 2018/19 main cropping season. Four levels of seeding rate (100, 125, 150, and 175 kg ha-1) and three row spacing (15, 20, and 25 cm) were tested under field condition in factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The result showed that days to heading, days to physiological maturity, spike length, number of kernel per spike, thousand kernels weight and harvest index were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the main effect of seeding rate, row spacing and site. Days to heading, days to physiological maturity, thousand kernels weight and harvest index were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the main effect of seeding rate, and row spacing. Whereas days to emergency, plant height, number of effective tillers, biomass yield, and grain yield, were not affected by the interaction effect of seeding rate, row spacing and site. Hence, seeding rate of 150 kg ha-1 combined with row spacing 20 cm gave the highest grain yield of 4324.5 and 3940.3 kg ha-1 at Sinana and Bale Robe, respectively. Furthermore, the highest net benefit of ETB 52,967 ha-1 was obtained by combined use of seeding rate of 150 kg ha-1 with row spacing 20 cm. Based on the agronomic performance and yield result of this study, 150 kg ha-1 seeding rate and 20 cm row spacing are preferable. However, further study has to be done under different seasons and locations to exploit the recommendation of the present study. https://zenodo.org/record/8907 10.20372/nadre:8907 oai:zenodo.org:8907 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8906 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Bread wheat; grain yield; row spacing; seeding rates EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE AND ROW SPACING ON THE YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN BALE HIGHLANDS, SOUTH EASTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8925 2025-07-16T13:06:20Z user-mwu123-un

HASAN MUCHO HUSSIEN 2022-03-02 Mango (Mangifer indica L.) is one of the most important fruit crops produced and consumed worldwide, including Ethiopia. However, production and productivity of this crop is highly limited by mango anthracnose which caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Field survey was conducted in three selected districts (Harena, Delo mena and Berbere) of South eastern Ethiopia, during 2020 with an intention to assess mango anthracnose ,occurrence of disease symptom on leave and fruit, and association of disease parameters (incidence and severity) with districts, farm size, plant density, environmental condition and management practice. Laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different botanicals against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. purposive was used for field survey to determine the effects of districts and Kebele on incidence and severity of mango anthracnose, occurrence of disease symptom on leave and fruit and the effects of altitudinal range on incidence and severity of mango anthracnose. While Complete Randomized Design was used to evaluate the efficacy of different botanicals at different level (25, 50 and 75 %) against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Independent sample t-test was used to evaluate difference in disease symptom between leaves and fruits. It was known from the results obtained that incidence and severity of disease and mean number of fruits with symptom was significantly (p<0.001) highest for Harena distric (78.80±1.77%), t and followed by for Berbere and Delo Mena. Independent sample t-test was indicated that the mean number of leaves and fruits with symptom was significantly (p<0.001) higher for the leave than the fruit. Moreover, the disease incidence and severity was significantly (p<0.001) higher for altitudinal range Group-I (1350-1600m) than Group-III (1240- 1301m) and Group-II (1000-1230m). The multiple linear regression equations arrived for disease incidence and severity were (Y1) = 80.60 -9.38(X1)-5.18(X2)+8.00(X3) and (Y2) = 69.55 -7.12 (X1)-10.65 (X2)-5.93 (X3) +8.34 (X4), respectively. Finally, the results obtained from antifungal activities of botanicals indicated that extracts of Aframomum corrorima L and Allium sativum were showed significantly (p<0.001) the most potent antifungal activity while Croton macrostachys Hochst., showed the least potent antifungal activity. Generally, this study concluded that mango anthracnose is prevalent in all surveyed kebele at Districts and the role of botanicals in managing this disease. https://zenodo.org/record/8925 10.20372/nadre:8925 oai:zenodo.org:8925 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8924 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Botanicals; Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides; Disease incidence; Mangifer indica; PSI DISTRIBUTION AND MANAGEMENT OF MANGO ANTHRACNOSE (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) IN BALE LOWLANDS, SOUTH EASTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8917 2025-07-16T12:59:28Z user-mwu123-un

GOBENA HUSSEIN 2023-10-04 A field experiment was conducted at two locations in Kofale District West Arsi Zone Oromia region during the main cropping season of 2022 to assess the effect of different inter row spacing and weeding frequency on weeds, growth, yield attributes and yield of malt barley(hordeum distichum L.). Twelve (12) treatments were tasted including, three inter row spacing (15cm, 20cm & 25cm) with four weeding frequencies (weed check, weed free, one weeding and two weeding after planting) for the control of annual weeds in malt barley. The experiment was conducted using factorial arrangement in rundamazed complete block design with three replications. The results indicated that the different weeding frequencies with different inter row spacing were a major determinant of yields across the different location of study area. The lowest yield was recorded from the weedy check treatment with interaction 25cm (1165.97 kg/ha) whereas the highest yield was recorded from weed free treatment with 25cm inter row spacing (3612.27kg/ha) at both studies site respectively. Weeding frequency with wider row spacing were more effective on total weed density reduction and lower dry matter weight accumulation while narrower spacing with weeding frequency less effective on total weed density and dry matter accumulation at crop harvest. Weed control efficiency was significantly influenced by weeding frequencies. The highest weed control efficiency was observed under weed-free check (100%), followed by two-hand weeding (55.44%), whereas the minimum weed control efficiency was observed in weedy check plots. Crop growth, yield characteristics and yield were significantly influenced by the interaction of weeding frequency and row spacing. The study found out that the interaction of 25cm with weed free followed by two weeding was found quite effective in controlling major broadleaf and grass weed species observed in malt barley fields, and 25cm inter row spacing with two weeding frequency was found economically feasible among the considered weeding frequency. However, this experiment was conducted in one season and therefore, conducting the same experiment for more seasons, and initiating similar experiments with different environmental conditions and different row spacing with weeding frequencies were conceivable https://zenodo.org/record/8917 10.20372/nadre:8917 oai:zenodo.org:8917 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8916 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Malt barley, row spacing, weeding frequency YIELD COMPONENTS AND YIELD OF MALT BARLEY (Hordeum Distichum L) RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT INTER ROW SPACING AND WEEDING FREQUENCY IN KOFALE WOREDA, WEST ARSI ZONE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8943 2025-07-16T13:18:58Z user-mwu123-un

ABDI DUBA IBRAHIM 2021-01-06 The study was conducted in Dhas district of Borena Zone, southern Ethiopia to assess goat production practices and nutritional evaluation of major browse species used as goat feeds. The results were obtained from a survey of 191 households, Focus group discussion,on-farm monitoring of flocks from 20 households and laboratory analysis of the nutritive value of major browse species. The highest proportions of flock composition obtained was breeding does (24.28±15.41) followed by suckling kids (10.17±7.17). The major purposes of goat production were cash income, milk for consumption , meat for consumption, and wealth status with an index value of 0.38, 0.33, 0.16, and 0.13, respectively. Communal grazing land with a wide range of browse species was common feed sources and local natural salt was given as supplementary feed. Deepwell, tap water, and ponds were common sources of water. Diarrhea, eye and nasal discharge, and cough are the frequently reported common symptoms of disease in the area. Uncontrolled natural mating was a dominant breeding system. Most of the respondents (78.5%) have their own breeding buck and selection of buck was mostly practiced (91.1%) based on body conformation, libido, color, and pedigree. However, the practice of female selection was reported by only a few respondents (17.2%). According to the respondents the weaning age, age at 1st kidding, kidding interval, slaughter (market) age, reproductive life-span, the average number of kids produced per life, and the average litter size were 3.22±0.77months, 23.05±7.50 months, 7.48±1.64 months, 15.64±7.78 months, 8.56±2.78 years,11.55±4.09 offspring and 1.05 per doe, respectively. The recorded average birth weight, weaning weight, and pre-weaning average daily weight gain were 2.81±0.78 kg, 9.76±1.62 kg , and 77.26±14.32 g/day, respectively. Diseases, drought, feed shortage, market problem, water shortage, predators attack, and shortage of grazing land were reported as the major constraints for goat production in the study area with an index value of 0.48, 0.16, 0.10, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, and 0.05, respectively. Regarding the nutritive value of the major browse species, the DM content ranges from 83.25 to 91.98, the Ash content range from 9.83% to 19.17%, the CP values range from 11.41% to 21.33%, the NDF Values range from 29.45% to 52.47%, ADF values range from 16.78% to 29.45%, the ADL value ranges from 5.93% to 10.72% and the IVDMD values range from 83.25% to 91.98%.From this study, it was concluded that the evaluated nutrient composition and invitro dry matter digestability of selected browse species was promising.However, further study about anti-nutritional factor of those browse species and production packages intended to alleviate addressed constraints and improve goat productivity should be designed. https://zenodo.org/record/8943 10.20372/nadre:8943 oai:zenodo.org:8943 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8942 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Browse species, Nutrient composition, Goat production practices, In vitro dry matter digestibility ASSESMENT OF GOAT PRODUCTION PRACTICES AND EVALUATION OF NUTRIENT COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY OF MAJOR BROWSE SPECIES IN DHAS DISTRICT, BORENA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8945 2025-07-16T13:20:09Z user-mwu123-un

Usman Bamud Abdulwahid 2025-07-16 Maintaining economic success requires a high level of education. Due to a variety of factors, many students are performing worse. There are currently more academic institutions that keep vast amounts of student education and related data. Every year, a sizable number of students enroll. Thus, the education sector's need for data growth is still present. For the purpose of evaluating performance, handling and analyzing such a large volume of raw data manually leads to boredom and failure. Dissatisfaction, boredom, and failure result from manually processing and analyzing such a large volume of data for performance testing. In other words, conventional approaches are unduly intricate and challenging to assess and analyze. Using machine learning, the study main objective is to develop a predictive model for academic performance of students in the secondary schools of bale zone in Oromia National Regional State. When it comes to managing student performance, this can be of considerable use to planners, legislators, and educators. To achieve the aim of this study, a total of 12005 rooster data were collected from secondary school database specifically created for student result purpose, collected from 2011 to 2015. The collected data were preprocessed by handling missing values, outlier detection, feature selection and data balancing. Four machine learning algorithms previously stated as a benchmark by different researchers were selected to develop prediction model for student academic performance. Then, a total of four experiment were conducted. In each experiment the selected algorithms hyperparameters were optimized by grid search cv algorithm. In order to select the best performed model from each algorithm the researcher apply several train test splits. Finally, to identify the best model, the selected model was compared with four performance measurement metrics. The outcome of the comparison showed that the model developed by Random Forest and KNearest Neighbors algorithms generated good result the other algorithms model in terms of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-score. A model developed by Random Forest and KNearest Neighbors algorithms generated 97% and 96% accuracy respectively. Then, through proposed machine learning models a prototype were developed to show the student performance. Finally, the study concluded that, government and private secondary school can minimize the lower achiever students by including the proposed machine learning based prediction model in to their system. https://zenodo.org/record/8945 10.20372/nadre:8945 oai:zenodo.org:8945 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8944 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Student Performance, Education, Machine Learning, Classification, Random Forest, KNearest Neighbors DEVELOPING MACHINE LEARNING BASED PREDICTION MODEL FOR STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8937 2025-07-16T13:18:04Z user-mwu123-un

Garedew Solomon 2025-07-16 ABSTRACT Bread wheat is an important food and cash crop for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. However, its yield is constrained by weed infestations. Considering this, a study was conducted to determine the critical periods of weed-crop competition and yield losses in bread wheat in 2018 cropping season at Madda Walabu University and Sinana Agricultural Research Center in Southeastern Ethiopia. The experiment consisted of eighteen treatments in two sets, i.e one weed free and one weedy set each comprising weed competitions and weed free durations up to 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 and harvest. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The dominant weed species were Galinsoga parviflora and Avena fatual. with the highest relative densities of 20.63 and 11.77 % at Madda Walabu University Robe Campus research station, and Sinana agricultural research center, respectively. Furthermore, spike length, number of tillers ,number of seed per spike, thousand kernel weight, grain yield and harvest index (HI) were affected highly significantly (P<0.01) at both sites. With increasing duration of weed interference, weed density, weed dry weight, and the number of days required to reach physiological maturity of bread wheat were increased whereas the spike length, seed per spike, thousand kernel weights, grain yield, aboveground dry biomass, and harvest index of the crop were reduced. At Madda Walabu Unversity and Sinana Agricultural Research Center, uncontrolled weed growth significantly reduced bread wheat grain yield by 58 and 55%, respectively, compared to the grain yield obtained from the weed free check. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that, to reduce the loss in the grain yield of bread wheat by more than 10%, it is important to keep the crop weed free between (220 to 515) growing degree days (20 to 50) days after crop emergence) at Madda Walabu Unversity and from (237 to 685) growing degree days (20 to 60 days after crop emergence) at Sinana agricultural research center. https://zenodo.org/record/8937 10.20372/nadre:8937 oai:zenodo.org:8937 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8936 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Critical period; grain yield; weed-crop competition; yield loss. Determination of Critical Period of Bread wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) weed competition in Bale Highlands, South eastern Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8947 2025-07-16T13:21:38Z user-mwu123-un

Olana Abera 2018-06-17 Yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici is one of the main diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the world, causing up to 50-100% of yield losses under favorable environmental conditions. Genetic resistance is the most economic and effective means of reducing yield losses caused by the disease. The experiment was conducted using 240 spring bread wheat genotypes and seven known check varieties. The genotypes were evaluated for resistance to yellow rust at the adult plant stage and genetically analyze and map new sources of resistance using classical and molecular tools in 2017 main cropping season at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Madda Walabu University and Sinana Agricultural Reserch Center, Ethiopia. The experiments were conducted using non replicated trials, using augmented design. Up to 90% severity levels were recorded from susceptible check kubsa and other 23 genotypes. There was significance difference of yellow rust severity, Coefficient of infections and AUDPC values among genotypes, based on these we identified 19 best genotypes based on disease severity and yieldIdentification of marker-trait associations in germplasm relevant to breeding program via association mapping (AM) can be an effective way to identify loci useful for selection. In present study an accession penal of 123 spring bread wheat genotypes have been assembled and genotyped with 10263 SNPs markers. Further, AM analysis using a General linear model (GLM) identified three genomic region located on wheat chromosome 2A, 3A and 5B; contain 33 common significant markers at three locations which are significantly associated with genes conferring resistance to yellow rust. Mixed linear model (MLM), corrected for population structure and kinship relatedness and identified one common genomic regions located on wheat chromosome 3A which are significantly associated with genes conferring resistance to yellow rust at all locations. The resistant genotypes identified from this study could be used by the different wheat breeding programs across the country for potential release nationally or regionally. The linked SNP markers shall be used for marker assisted selection after through validation using different set of wheat genotypes. https://zenodo.org/record/8947 10.20372/nadre:8947 oai:zenodo.org:8947 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8946 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Association mapping, CI, kubsa, markers, Puccinia stiiriformis f.sp tritici, Severity, Single nucleotide Polymorphisms, Yellow rust. ASSOCIATION MAPPING OF YELLOW RUST (Puccinia Striiformis f. sp. Tritici) RESISTANCE IN BREAD WHEAT (Triticum Aestivum L.) AT ADULT PLANT STAGES IN BALE AND ARSI HIGH LANDS, ETHIPOIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8951 2025-07-16T13:26:44Z user-mwu123-un

FANO JEMAL 2023-10-04 Malt barley variety of planet is an important malt and grain food crop for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. However, its yield is constrained by weed infestations. Therefore, this study was conducted in 2022 cropping season at Mamo kebele site and Afamo kebele FTC site to determine the critical periods of weed-crop competition and yield losses in malt barley. The experiment consisted of eighteen treatments in two sets, i.e one weed-free and one weedy set each comprising weed competition durations up to 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 ,70 and 80 days after crop emergence and up to harvest. The experiment was laid out a randomized complete block design with three replications for each set. The dominant weed species were Bermuda grass and Phalaris minor with the highest relative densities of 37.80%, 26.80% and 32.5%, 2205% at Mamo kebele site and Afamo kebele FTC site respectively. The minimum value of malt barley yield was observed under the full season weed infestation condition 1.26tone/hectare and the maximum value of malt barley yield was recorded from weed free control 4.545tone/hectare and 4.33tone/hectare recorded from weed free from 60 up to 80 days after emergence (DAE). With increasing duration of weed period, weed dry weight and weed density increased where as the spike length per plant, number of seeds per spike, hundred seed weight, grain yield, aboveground biomass, and harvest index of the malt barley crop were reduced. Uncontrolled weed growth significantly reduced malt barley grain yield by 72.22% obtained from the weed-check plots. The results of the study showed that, to reduce the loss in the grain yield of malt barley by more than 10%, it is important to keep the crop weed-free between 200 to 500 growing degree days (20 to 50 days after crop emergence). Economic analysis of the test showed that, the maximum net benefit (90010 ETB ha-1) was recorded from weed free check plots and (82015 ETB ha-1) was recorded from 60 up to 80 increasing duration weed free period and the minimum net benefit (11074 ETB ha-1) and (12570.40 ETB ha-1) were recorded from weed check and 80 days of increasing duration weed period. Thus, the use of weed free check plots and from 60 up to 80 days of increasing duration weed free period is more economical than weedy check and other proposed treatments in malt barley fields. https://zenodo.org/record/8951 10.20372/nadre:8951 oai:zenodo.org:8951 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8950 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Critical period; Weed-crop competition; Yield; Yield loss; Malt Barley DETERMINATION OF CRITICAL PERIOD OF WEED COMPETITION AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MALT BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.) IN KOFALE WOREDA, WEST ARSI ZONE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8973 2025-07-16T13:34:27Z user-mwu123-un

HUSSIEN GELETA JAWARO 2024-05-15 The study was venturing into the heart of Ethiopia's Barisa community forest in the scenic Dodola district of West Arsi Zone, this study delves deep into the intricate tapestry of nature. With a keen focus on understanding the forest's essence, we set out to unravel its secrets regarding floristic composition, population dynamics, and the rejuvenating pulse of its woody species. Employing cutting-edge technology, this study meticulously mapped out the forest's landscape using GPS coordinates, creating a grid-like pattern that led us to 80 carefully selected sample plots. These plots, each a 20m x 20m, used for capturing the essence of mature trees and the promise of young saplings5m×5m (0.25M2) and for seedling 2m×2m (0.04M2) quadrant of subplot. The data was analyzed by the R statistics software, revealing a captivating array of 30 plant species flourishing amidst the forest's embrace. Diversity indices painted a vivid picture of nature's equilibrium, showcasing a harmonious blend of species across different altitudes. Diversity indices such as Shannon Wiener diversity index (H’), species evenness (J), and Simpson’s Diversity Indices (D) were calculated, showing values of 2.62, 0.77, and 0.88, respectively. Altitude gradient analysis revealed that mid-altitude areas had higher diversity indices (H’, D, and S) compared to lower and higher altitudes. Population structure parameters such as DBH, tree height, basal area, dominance, density, frequency, and Important Value Index (IVI) were computed. The three most dominant tree species in terms of basal area, density, and relative frequency were Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl, Afrocarpus (Podocarpus) falcatus, and Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J. F. Gmel, respectively. The study area had a total basal area of 35.835m²/hectare and a total density of 9168 trees per hectare. Regarding regeneration status, the average number of seedlings, saplings, and mature trees per hectare was approximately 8007, 941, and 220, respectively, indicating a good regeneration status characterized by an inversed J-shaped curve in the population structure of Barisa community forest. However, some species showed limited regeneration, highlighting the need for management measures to ensure the sustainable and wise use of forest resources. https://zenodo.org/record/8973 10.20372/nadre:8973 oai:zenodo.org:8973 doi:10.20372/nadre:8972 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Community Forest, Floristic composition, Population structure, Regeneration status, Woody species FLORISTIC COMPOSITION, POPULATION STRUCTURE, AND REGENERATION STATUS OF WOODY SPECIES IN BARISA COMMUNITY FOREST, DODOLA WOREDA, WEST ARSI ZONE, SOUTH EAST ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8961 2025-07-16T13:26:48Z user-mwu123-un

Ashagre Yeshanewo Tadesse 2024-05-14 Asthma is one of the most common diseases throughout the world. Asthma is among the many diseases that are mostly common such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung. Most people show common symptoms and some have different symptoms. Similar symptoms are shortness of breath, breathing with sounds, cough, and classification of asthma types like "Mild Asthma," "Moderate Asthma," and "Severe Asthma.” and the main biochemical, physiological, demographic, environmental, genetic, and non-genetic elements that affect asthma exposure. . The existing problem is that patients with Asthmatic symptoms are given suspicion and unrelated checks and lack of laboratory materials to check the patient. There are not enough appropriate tools and techniques to support physicians' works. Most of the earlier research has focused on which age group and sex are more affected by Asthma, and others to identify a person affected by Asthma or not, but not on the identification of the level of Asthma. By having this point as the motivating factor for study, this work tried to predict Asthma type by using machine-learning algorithms. In this thesis, the three most commonly used classification techniques are algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF). The analysis of the results obtained for asthma-type diseases in terms of accuracy shows that the prediction accuracy with Support Vector Machine SVM (72.7%), Decision Tree (DT), (90.3%), and Random Forest (RF) (91.7 %) is the best accuracy for the thesis. Key Terms: Machine Learning, Prediction, Asthma, "Mild Asthma," "Moderate Asthma," and "Severe Asthma”. https://zenodo.org/record/8961 10.20372/nadre:8961 oai:zenodo.org:8961 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8960 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Machine Learning, Prediction, Asthma, "Mild Asthma," "Moderate Asthma," and "Severe Asthma" Predicting Asthma Type Diseases Using Machine Learning Technique: in the case of Bale robe General Hospital info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8955 2025-07-16T13:23:24Z user-mwu123-un

Solomon Robe 2023-10-11 Speaker identification is the task of identifying “who is speaking” by the help of machines based on the speaker’s speech signal. Speaker identification is a key biometrics feature that used in industries, including computers, voice dialing devices, banking, databases, and extremely secure areas. Identifying the speaker helps to use the identity of the owner for many purposes. It is needed powerful forensic analytical mechanism to defend our communities from criminal conduct. However, no study has been conducted on the Afaan Oromo language to be used for this purpose. This study is going to solve the security problems in many areas. To overcome this problem, this study developed a speaker identification model based on the Afaan Oromo language. In this study, an open set text independent speaker identification for Afaan Oromo using deep learning models was developed using MFCC by Librosa to extract speaker feature vectors with MLP, CNN, and LSTM. Keras model API is used to build the neural network. Totrain and test the model the researcher prepared Afaan Oromoo dataset that has a total of 2000 speech samples by taking a 100-sec utterance of 20 different speakers. The speech was taken carefully from YouTube by taking into account every similar condition of a speaker to reducethe effect of recording device variation. In the end after training the proposed models achieves 99.10% on MLP,98.80% on CNN, and 87.65% on LSTM. .Finally, by comparison of all the proposed models, the MLP model outperforms the other two models with an a ccuracy of 99.1%. Therefore, this study chose MLP model for Text-independent speaker identification for Afaan Oromo language. https://zenodo.org/record/8955 10.20372/nadre:8955 oai:zenodo.org:8955 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8954 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Text-Independent Speaker Identification for Afaan Oromo Using Deep Learning info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8981 2025-07-16T13:50:06Z user-mwu123-un

BEYAN AHMED 2018-06-10 Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is among the most popular vegetable crops grown worldwide. However, its production is being challenged by both biotic and abiotic stresses. The objectives of this thesis were to determine distribution and prevalence of Meloidogyne javanica and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici disease complex from the central rift valley tomato growing districts of Ethiopia and to evaluate the response of selected tomato cultivars against this disease complex under greenhouse conditions. A total of 59 composite (root and soil separately) samples were collected from five tomato growing districts and two commercial farms. The greenhouse experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 18 treatment combinations of three tomato varieties (Assila, Chochoro, Marmande) and two pathogens (M. javanica and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) with four replications. At four leaf stage tomato seedlings were inoculated with the suspension of M. javanica at a rate of 3000 second-stage juveniles (J2) and 10 ml F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici suspension (1x106 spores per milliliter) per pot (2 kg soil size) around the root rhizosphere one week after transplanting except the control which is not inoculated. Plant growth, biomass and pathogen related data parameters were recorded after eight weeks of post inoculation. The result revealed that M.incognita (MI) *M. javanica (MJ)*F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) disease complex was found with an overall occurrence of 39% in the sampled areas followed by MI*FOL (16.9%), MI*MJ (13.6%) and MJ*FOL (6.8%). The prevalence of the disease complex (MI*MJ*FOL) was found varying across sampled districts, the highest (60%) being in Dugda and (36.36%). The concomitant inoculation of M. javanica and F. oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici (NF) followed by M. javanica first and F. oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici ten days after inoculation (N1F2) was found to be highly significant (p ≤ 0.05) i r ci g the tomato growth, biomass and pathogen related parameters compared to the un-inoculated control or single pathogen inoculated treatments. Among the three tomato varieties tested Assila was found to be moderately resistant as measured by the lower number of gall and egg mass per plant when compared with the susceptible Marmande variety indicating Assila could be of a good choice to manage this disease complex. Since this resistance evaluation was performed under greenhouse conditions further performance study on this disease complex hot spot farmers field should be investigated https://zenodo.org/record/8981 10.20372/nadre:8981 oai:zenodo.org:8981 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8980 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Meloidogyne javanica, resistance, synergistic effect and tomato varieties STATUS OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE (Meloidogyne javanica) AND FUSARIUM WILT (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici) DISEASE COMPLEX ON TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum) IN THE CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8965 2025-07-16T13:38:56Z user-mwu123-un

Takele Tamiru 2019-09-18 ABSTRACT Faba bean is among the most important pulse cash crops produced in mid high land of Western Arsi Ethiopia. However, its yield is constrained by weeds and nutrient deficiency. Therefore, this study was conducted in 2018 main cropping season at Hunte and Herero farm research fields, West Arsi, Ethiopia, to identify appropriate P rate and weed control method for faba bean production and suggest profitable weed management options. The treatments were included three levels of s-metolachlor (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg ha-1),s-metolachlor 1.0 kg ha- 1 with one hand hoeing 35 DAS, two hand hoeing at 21 and 35 DAS, weedy, and weed free check in each combination with three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 46 and 92 kg P2O5 ha-1). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times per treatment. It was observed that broadleaved weed species were dominant at both sites with relative density of 78.42 % and 56.42% at Hunte and Herero, respectively. Interaction of phosphorus levels, weed management practices and locations significantly (p≤ 0.05) affected weed density. Weed management practices and locations had significantly affected weed dry weight. The highest (87.66%) weed control efficiency was obtained from two hands hoeing twenty one and thirty five days after sowing at Herero. Days to flowering, physiological maturity, Plant height, Number of effective nodules per plant, Number of pods per plant, Number of seeds per pod, Hundred seed weight, Grain yield, Aboveground dry biomass were affected by weed management practices and locations. Location was significantly affected harvest index. Significantly higher (4519.1 kg ha-1) grain yield was obtained in weed free check at Hunte. The economic analysis revealed that the highest (27,184.34 ETB ha-1) net benefit accrued from the combined use of 92 kg ha-1 phosphorus under hand-hoeing at twenty one and thirty five days after sowing. Weeding twice by hand-hoeing at twenty one and thirty five days after sowing reduced weed competition thus decreased days to flowering and physiological maturity, increased yield attributes and yield. It could be concluded that the combined use of 92 kg P2O5 ha-1 phosphorus and weeding twice by hand-hoeing at twenty one and thirty five days after sowing increased grain yield and economic benefit of faba bean. https://zenodo.org/record/8965 10.20372/nadre:8965 oai:zenodo.org:8965 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8964 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Faba bean; Hand hoeing; Integrated Weed Management Practices; Phosphorus fertilizer; S-metolachlor; Wee Evaluation of Integrated Weed Management Practices and Phosphorus Application Rate on Weeds, Yield Components and Yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) at mid high land of West Arsi, Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8969 2025-07-16T13:36:48Z user-mwu123-un

GEMECHU UTI KEMAL 2023-05-03 Weed is among the various biotic factors constraining wheat productivity in Ethiopia in general and Central Mid-rift valley of Ethiopia in particular. To combat the problem various weed control option identified under different agroecologies for different wheat varieties. Although wheat production is commonly practiced under highland and midland parts of the country, currently it is advancing to lowland parts of the country as a result of the adoption of lowland wheat varieties. This invited identification of appropriate wheat variety and effective and economical weed control method. The study was conducted at Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha (ATJK) district at two sites (Adami tulu research center) and (Galo Heraphe farmers field) during the crop growing season of 2022 to study the response of different wheat varieties under different weed control methods. A randomized complete block design of three replications and twelve treatments comprised from three wheat varieties(Balcha, Daka, and Wane)and four weed control method (two times hand weeding (30 DAE and 45 DAE), Pallas 45% OD 0.5 L/ha Herbicides (30 DAE), Pallas 45% OD (30 DAE) plus one time hand weeding (45 DAE), and weedy check (zero weeding)). Study result showed that Nikandiraphysaladis and Daturastramonium were found dominant broad leaf weeds at Adami Tulu site, while Setaria pumila (33%) and Avenafatua (18%) were among the grass weed species abundant at the Galo Heraphe location. The weed control methods were significantly influenced wheat yield between the study sites. The least grain yield was recorded from the plots treated with unweeded check (136.12 kg/ha) and (1232.23kg/ha) whereas the highest yield was recorded from plots treated with two times hand weeding (2514.43) and (2733.44kg/ha) followed by Pallas plus one time hand weeding (2370.99kg/ha) and (2442.9kg/ha) without significant difference at Adami Tulu and Galo Heraphe site respectively. Application of two times hand weeding and Pallas plus one time hand weeding showed grain yield advantage 94% and 49% over unweeded control (zero weeding) at Adami Tulu and Galo Heraphe sites, respectively. Maximum mean grain yield of 2073.14 kg was recorded for the Balcha wheat variety followed by the Daka wheat variety (1899.62 kg). However, there was no discernible difference between the two. Finally, Pallas with one-time hand weeding was found quite effective in controlling major broadleaf and grass weed species observed in wheat fields and it was found economically feasible among the weed control methods considered. Among the wheat varieties Balcha and Daka were found high yielders in the study area and recommendable under the study area and similar agro ecologies https://zenodo.org/record/8969 10.20372/nadre:8969 oai:zenodo.org:8969 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8968 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Weed is among the various biotic factors constraining wheat productivity in Ethiopia in general and Central Mid-rift valley of Ethiopia in particular. YIELD AND GROWTH RESPONSE OF WHEAT VARIETIE (Triticum Aestivum L.) TO WEED CONTROL METHODS IN ADAMI TULU JIDO KOMBOLCHA WOREDA, OROMIA REGINAL STATE, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8988 2025-07-16T13:47:31Z user-mwu123-un

Kemal Hashim Abduljewad 2019-05-15 The study focused on a move toward quality education in primary schools of Robe town administration: opportunities and challenges in primary schools of Robe-Town Administration, Bale Zone. Pragmatic paradigm guided the study which was followed by mixed (Quantitative and Qualitative) research method. Among the mixed research method Concurrent triangulation design was employed for this study. Primary schools in Robe-Town administration were used as a population of the study, where 390 samples were used for the study. Of these,10 teachers and 369 students were selected by sample random sampling techniques. Whereas, 3 cluster resource center supervisor, 8 principals were selected by purposive sampling techniques. For this study questionnaires were used for teachers and students and interviews for supervisors, principals. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics like frequency distribution (fd), percentage (%) and mean (m). Qualitative data analyzed qualitatively by transcribing and translating interview records followed by coding, and then by categorizing based on their similarities and differences of data categorized. The categorized data were analyzed, interpreted, concluded and presented qualitatively through paraphrasing, narrative discussions and or direct quotations of the statements of the participants' opinions. Finally, conclusion and recommendations were derived from the finding of the study based on the data collected. The findings of this study showed that quality education circle was affected by School classroom and physical facilities, such as the school building, poor physical facilities affect the implementation of education quality circle. More over lack of awareness of the students, lack of inputs, students’ discipline, less interest of stakeholders towards quality education circle in the school programs, student class ratio, lack of students desk and other furniture’s are the major factors negatively hinder education quality in these schools. To this end, working collaboratively with all stakeholders in decision-making helps to improve quality education circle to improve education quality are some of the major implications to be addressed in keeping quality education in primary schools found in Robe town administration. https://zenodo.org/record/8988 10.20372/nadre:8988 oai:zenodo.org:8988 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8987 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Quality circle, quality education, primary school, opportunities and challenges A MOVE TOWARD QUALITY EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF ROBE TOWN ADMINISTRATION: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8985 2025-07-16T13:44:50Z user-mwu123-un

EBRAHIM ABDUSELAM 2019-05-15 The purpose of this study was to investigate the practices and challenges of school based cluster supervision in some selected primary schools of Goba Woreda, Bale Zone, Oromia. To realize the purpose of the study mixed research methods more specifically, concurrent parallel triangulation was used. They are 29 primary schools in Goba Woreda and cluster in to six CRC. The total populations of teachers were 420. From these, 114 teachers, ten principals, five vice principals", four school based cluster supervisors, and two Woreda education experts. To determine the sample size, a model and formula developed by Yamane 1967 used and the sample size used found out to be the individual samples were approached by simple random sampling techniques from a given population. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used. Questionnaire, interview, and observation were employed. Quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis techniques were used. The findings of this study were teacher"s professional support from school cluster based supervisors for teachers are insufficient and They do not support teachers to prepare different instructional materials for teaching learning effectiveness; do not assist teachers in the implementation and evaluation curriculum; do not contribute to enhance professional competence of teachers by providing orientation programs for new teachers; do not facilitate short term training to teachers continuously. Based on the findings of the study were teachers basically need and expect school cluster supervision to make proper arrangements for classroom observation procedures. Supervisors are required to arrange conferences before and after classroom observation for the improvement of instruction, and teachers basically need and expect school cluster supervision to make proper arrangements for classroom observation procedures. Supervisors are required to arrange conferences before and after classroom observation for the improvement of instruction. https://zenodo.org/record/8985 10.20372/nadre:8985 oai:zenodo.org:8985 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8984 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Practice, Challenges, School, Supervision, Cluster PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF SCHOOL BASED CLUSTER SUPERVISION IN SOME SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF GOBA WOREDA,BALE ZONE, OROMIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8992 2025-07-16T13:54:06Z user-mwu123-un

Kedir Ahmed 2020-04-15 The purpose of this study was to investigate violence against girls in Mio secondary school and its impacts on girls education in Dawe Kachen District, Bale Zone, Oromia.In order achieve this objective; Pragmatism was employed on theviolence against girls in Mio secondary school and its impacts on girls education in Dawe Kachen District, Bale Zone, Oromia. Mixed research method was employed. Specifically, concurrent triangulation research design was employed. The total populations of this school were 204. From this, 12 of them were teachers, 181 of them were students, Six of them were Woreda Women and Children Office Experts, One school principal, and one school based supervisor. All populations were selected as a sample of the study by using Census technique. Both random and non-non random sampling techniques were used to select samples from a given population. Simple random sampling and purposively non-random sampling technique was used for this study. Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed. In this study, questionnaires, interview, and observation were employed as a method of data collections tools. In this study, both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques were used to analyze the information collected using different sources. The findings of this study were such as Sexual and gender-based violence in schools and beyond is facilitated by Governments’ failure to enact and implement laws that provide students with explicit protection from discrimination. Based in these findings the following recommendations were drawn such as School should ensure that anti-violence policies and programmes are designed and implemented from a gender perspective, taking into account the different risks facing girls and boys in respect of violence. https://zenodo.org/record/8992 10.20372/nadre:8992 oai:zenodo.org:8992 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8991 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Education, Girls, Impacts, Secondary school, Violence VIOLENCE AGAINST GIRLS IN MIO SECONDARY SCHOOL AND ITS IMPACTS ON GIRLS EDUCATION IN DAWE KACHEN DISTRICT, BALE ZONE, OROMIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8979 2025-07-16T13:54:07Z user-mwu123-un

DEBELE FIRISA HAILU 2021-07-06 We collected data on Woody plant species richness, frequency, density, diversity and structure with in total 60 sample plots, 15 plots by 20m X20m in each study. PAs plot sampled and a semi-structured questionnaire (100 households) was used to gather socio-economic data. A total of 58 woody species were identified in the woodland that belongs to 37 genera and 23 families were identified, of which 62.1% were trees and 37.9% were shrubs. The density of woody plant species (969/ha), frequency of all species of woody species (256/ha) and then among the woody plants with the most ecologically important species were Acacia bussie, Acacia mellifera, Acacia tortilis, Acacia robusta, Commiphora erythraea and Boscia mossambicensis species are the major dominating plant species in the woodland. The result of Shannon-wiener diversity and evenness indices showed that Adele PAs woodland was the most diverse and had the highest species richness. In comparison to the other PAs woodlands, Chopi PAs woodland had the least diversity and number of species, as well as the least even distribution. Use woody plant species for multipurpose services. The main uses are construction (61.2%), followed by browsing (50.2%), medicinal purposes (43.3%) and household equipment (41.8%). However, similar to the other areas of the woodland ecosystem of Ethiopia, this woodland is also under population pressure largely because of the pastoral farming system exercised in the area. Both the household and field woodland plant species studies confirm that the factors causing woodland plant species degradation are charcoal production, agricultural land expansion, overgrazing, and invasive species expansion, according to the study's findings. Consequently, this leads to degradation of the woodlands through reduction in tree species richness, diversity, density and structure. The IVI analysis determined that Rhamnus staddo, Commiphora boranesis, Dichrostachys cinerea, Dobera glabra, Cordia gharaf, Olea europaea subspp cuspidate, Filicium decipiens, Berchemia discolor, and Acacia species were the least ecologically important. The woody plant species population structure showed different dynamics. From the viewpoint of population structure analysis, most woody species were in a good state of reproduction and recruitment, but some species, like Commiphora erythraea, Balanites aegyptica and Pistacia aethiopica species with high IVIs, were also among those species that exhibited poor regeneration and abnormal recruitment. Therefore, setting a high priority is needed to conserve these endangered woody plant species. The other remaining species require monitoring and management efforts in a sustainable way and all concerned bodies, especially local agricultural offices, Climate change office, security or police office departments have to work in collaboration to patrol woodland degradation. Finally, further research into the sustainable use of grazing woodland vegetation and you have to future, necessitating the need for improved overall woodland resources by controlling human activities within the woodland. https://zenodo.org/record/8979 10.20372/nadre:8979 oai:zenodo.org:8979 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8978 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Dry woodland, Pastoral district, woodland degradation, woody plant species DIVERSITY OF WOODY PLANT SPECIES AND CAUSES FOR THE DEGRADATION OF WOODLAND IN SAWENA PASTORAL DISTRICT OF EAST BALE ZONE,SOUTHEAST OROMIA,ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8983 2025-07-16T13:50:58Z user-mwu123-un

TESFAYE TAMIRU 2022-06-08 ABSTRACT The study was conducted at Madda Walabu University main campus research site during 2019 cropping season to evaluate effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate and harvesting age on performance of Desho grass (Pennisetum glaucifolium). In the study four nitrogen fertilizer application rates (0, 50,100 and 150 kg ha-1) and three ages of harvesting (90,120 and 150 days) were used. Field trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and planted on a 3m * 4m plot size of lands and the spacing between plots and block were 0.5m and 1m respectively. The data collected consisted of plant height (PH), number of tillers per plant (NTPP), number of leaves per plant (NLPP), leaf length per plant (LLPP), leaf to steam ratio (LSR), fresh biomass yield (FBY)and dry matter yield (DMY). The forage chemical composition analyzed were dry matter (DM) content, ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, metabolizable energy, calcium, phosphorous and the in vitro dry matter digestibility of the forage was also evaluated. All data were subjected to GLM ANOVA procedures of SAS version 9.0. Plant height (PH), NTPP, NLPP, LLPP, DMY, FBY and DDMY were significantly (P < 0.05) increased as N fertilizer application rates and ages of harvesting increased. However, except for Crude protein yield (CPY) and Digestible dry matter yield (DDMY), interaction effect is not significant (P>0.05) for all the parameters listed above. Leaf to steam ratio were significantly (P < 0.05) increased as nitrogen fertilizer application rates increased while decreased as ages of harvesting increased. The total ash, CP, Ca, P, IVDMD and ME content significantly (P < 0.05) increased as N fertilizer application rates increased while declined as ages of harvesting increased. However, dry matter (DM) content significantly (P<0.05) increased as N fertilizer and harvesting ages increased. The NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose and cellulose content significantly (P < 0.05) decreased as N fertilizer application rates increased while decreased as ages of harvesting increased. The interaction effect of harvesting ages and N fertilizer significantly (P<0.05) affected CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose, cellulose, ME and IVDMD. The highest mean CP content and IVDMD were recorded 15.75% and 69.6% at 90 days of harvesting with 150 kg ha-1N fertilizer application rates, respectively. However, Fertilizer applications at the rate of 150 kg ha-1 and 120th day of harvest resulted in higher mean DMY of 19.2 ton ha-1 and optimum nutritional quality (10.75% CP, 1.91 ton ha-1 CPY, and 60.09% IVDMD) of the Desho grass. To obtain higher dry mater yield and moderate nutritive value, Desho grass should be harvested at 120 days with 150 kg ha-1N fertilizer application rates. https://zenodo.org/record/8983 10.20372/nadre:8983 oai:zenodo.org:8983 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8982 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Chemical composition; Desho grass; Harvesting age; Nitrogen fertilizer EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION RATE AND HARVESTING AGE ON PERFORMANCE OF DESHO GRASS (Pennisetum glaucifolium) AT MADDA WALABU UNIVERSITY, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8990 2025-07-16T13:50:34Z user-mwu123-un

GIRMA TADESSE ABEBE 2021-05-19 The Purpose of this study was to assess the practices and find out the challenges of implementing pre-primary school curriculum in Goba Town. To conduct this study, mixed research was employed. A total of 50 people were used as data sources for this study. Preprimary teachers and school principals were selected by using sample random sampling and town education office SIP expert and CRC supervisors were selected based on Availability. On the other hand, Zone education office SIP expert was selected by using purposive sampling. Accordingly, the data sources were preschool teachers, school principal, town education office SIP expert, zone education office SIP expert and CRC supervisors. The data were collected through questionnaires, interviews and observations. The data collected through questionnaires from the teachers was presented in tables for each case, and analyzed using percentage. Besides, qualitative data obtained through observations and interviews were used to describe and explain the qualitative features of the program. The study found out that the level of pre-primary curriculum implementation faces challenges was a lack of trained teachers, lack of pre-primary textbooks, lack of enough class size and pre-primary policy. Preprimary school teachers suggested hiring trained teacher, direction at policy level, textbook provision, school facilitation and all solution together for the improvement of preprimary school curriculum. The result of the finding showed that there are many problems with regards to practice and challenges of pre-primary curriculum implementation such as lack of trained teacher, lack of enough class size, lack of pre-primary textbooks, and lack of pre-primary policy direction. Finally, the study recommended some better ways and means for resolving the challenges of implementing the curriculum in Goba Town. Among others the need to set systems for preschool teachers’ professional development, flexible training programs for preschool teachers and principals, making enough class size and furnishing the schools with the necessary facilities and materials were recommended. https://zenodo.org/record/8990 10.20372/nadre:8990 oai:zenodo.org:8990 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8989 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Challenges; Practice; Preprimary Curriculum, implement PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF PRE-PRIMARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION IN SOME SELECTED PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN GOBA TOWN ADMINISTRATION, BALE ZONE, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8999 2025-07-16T13:56:28Z user-mwu123-un

GIRMA ALEMU 2020-05-15 This study focused on investigation of status and contributing factors for students dropout and access of education on some selected secondary schools of Delo Mena District, Bale Zone ,Oromia. To realize the purpose of the study mixed research methods more specifically, concurrent triangulation design was used. Pragmatism as a paradigm was used as a philosophical assumptions for the study. For my research sources of data were the following Schools principals, teachers, students, district Experts, student parents, Documents such as dropout report of students’ statistics of annual report of Delo Mena District education office was considered as sources of data. The researcher therefore included a total of three schools in the study. All the 70 school teachers of the sampled schools, all three school director one secondary school supervisor and 5 education office district experts were selected by applying census sampling technique. Ten percent of the total population of the total secondary school class students in the district 166 pupils were Questionnaire and interview were employed. Quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis techniques were used. Ethical issues were considered in the study. The data collected by different instruments of data collection was analyzed by different statistical methods of data analysis for presentation and interpretation of data for purpose of the study. The findings of the study showed trends of students’ dropout of Delo Mena District secondary school was increasing. Dropouts of grade 9 students were worst when compared with grade 10students. The major factors that influence students to dropout were frequent absenteeism, students’ lack of interesting in learning; disciplinary problems were some major factor. The study recommended that increasing dropout rate in school, District, Zone level initiate responsible bodies to design prevention programs and regarding to attitudes towards to drop out of students to school scientific justifications should be brought about a common sense between and among society who are benefited from school. Parents participate in school affairs and working effectively for making conducive learning environment. https://zenodo.org/record/8999 10.20372/nadre:8999 oai:zenodo.org:8999 doi:10.20372/nadre:8998 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by STATUS AND CONTRIBUTING FACTORS FOR STUDENTS DROPOUT AND ACCEESS OF EDUCATION ON SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF DELO MENA DISTRICT, BALE ZONE, OROMIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9001 2025-07-16T14:00:06Z user-mwu123-un

Muhammad Moto Mahmud 2022-07-16 Assessment survey was conducted in the highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia. The recent livestock population data (CSA, 2020/21) shows that Ethiopia has about 70 million heads of cattle, 42.9 million Sheep, 52.5 million goats, 2.15 million horses, 10.80 million donkeys, 0.38million Mules, 8.1 million camels and 57 million poultry .With the objectives to assess agroindustrial by-products production potential and utilization and to evaluate the chemical composition of major agro-industrial by-products and their utilization as livestock feed in the study areas. Single visit multiple subject survey method (ILCA, 1990) to collect data with the use of pretested semi-structured questionnaires. The mean age of urban production system respondents were 48.08years where we the age of peri-urban production system respondents were 49.78 years. Average landholding and grazing land were 1.89±0.6, 0.14±0.08, respectively. Their production capacities were also as follow; Sinana district wheat bran and wheat short 207,325 and 42757 quintals/year respectively, Ginner district were produce wheat bran 45024 quintals/year and wheat short 4872 quintals/year. Goba district were produce wheat bran 17640 and wheat short 2520 quintals/year .Majority of the farmers (81.67 %) offered agro-industrial by-products mainly to milking cows (without considering milk yield, physiology and body condition), 15.83% for draft oxen and 2.50% supplements fatting oxen. Based on the result of the respondents of the sampled households, Shortage of animal feed ranked as the primary constraint of livestock production followed by shortage of adequate quantity and quality of water and health with index value of 0.46, 0.33, and 0.22, respectively. The DM and CP content of WB is significantly (P<0.001) different between Goba and the while Ash, fiber, ADF and Ca were significantly (P<0.001) different between Ginner and the remaining districts. Different small scale linseed oil processing linseed cakes evaluated in this study showed significant (p<0.05) variations in all the measured nutritional parameters. There were high production of wheat bran, wheat short and less amount of linseed cake in the study area so that in high opportunities to establish compound animal feed processing for further packaging animal feeds for different class of animals and poultry in the highland of Bale https://zenodo.org/record/9001 10.20372/nadre:9001 oai:zenodo.org:9001 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9000 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Agro industrial by products, Bale highland, chemical composition Assessment of Agro-Industrial By-Products Production, Utilization and Chemical Composition in the Bale Highlands, South Eastern Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8994 2025-07-16T13:58:01Z user-mwu123-un

ALIYE SADO AHMED 2023-11-05 Bread Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia.However, the yield of the crop is low mainly due to low soil fertility,lack of appropriate varieties and lack of site specific fertilizer recommendation in study area. This study was therefore, conducted to evaluate the response of blended NPSZnB fertilizer rates on the yield and yield components of bread wheat varieties during 2021/22 main cropping season in west Arsi. The experiment consisted of four improved bread wheat varieties (Boru,Shaki,DakaandWane) and four rates ofNPSZnB fertilizers (0,50,100 and 150 ) with a factorial combination and laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD) with three replications at Hursa simbo and Edola Burka site. Homogeneity of variances was evaluated using the F-test as described by Gomez and Gomez (1984) and since the F-test showed homogeneity of the variances of the two locations for most of the parameters, combined analysis was used for the two locations. The results showed that , days to 50% Emergency was not affected neither by the main effects nor by their interaction. However,number of kernels per spike highly significantly (P<0.01) affected by the interaction effect of variety and NPSZnB fertilizer rate. Thousand kernels weight,straw yield,above ground biomass yield and harvest index were affected significantly(P<0.05)by the interaction effect of variety and NPSZnB fertilizer rate. Accordingly,the maximum number of seed per spike(80.26),the highest thousand kernels weight(53.70) and the highest above ground biomass(10690.20) were obtained from integrated application of shaki variety and 100kg NPSZnB fertilizer rate. Furthermore,number of total tillers per plant and spike length were significantly (P<0.05) affected by three way interaction of variety,NPSZnB fertilizer rate and site. Consequently, the highest total tillers per plant (6.66)was recorded from the treatment combination of Boru variety and 100kg NPSZnB fertilizer rate as welas with treatment combination of Shaki variety and 150kg NPSZnB fertilizer rate at Hursa Simbo site. However,the highest spike length(10.20) was recorded from the treatment combination of Boru variety and 100kg NPSZnB fertilizer rate at Hursa simbo site.The maximum grain yield(3764.67)recorded by application of 150 kg NPSZnB fertilizers. In addition, The partial budget analysis revealed that the highest net benefit (150497 Birr ha-1) was obtained by combined use of fertilizer rates of 100 kg NPSZnB ha-1 with Shaki wheat variety. Based on the agronomic performance and yield result of this study, 100 kg ha-1fertilizer rate and wheat variety are preferable. However, further study has to be done under different rates of fertilizer and locations to exploit the recommendation of the present study. https://zenodo.org/record/8994 10.20372/nadre:8994 oai:zenodo.org:8994 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:8993 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Blended fertilizer; Biomass; Bread wheat; Economic feasibility; Grain yield RESPONSE OF BREAD WHEAT(Triticum aestivum L.) VARIETIES TO NPSZnB BLENDED FERTILIZER RATES IN WEST ARSI ZONE,SOUTHEASTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9004 2025-07-16T13:58:43Z user-mwu123-un

HAJI BUIE ALIY 2021-05-15 The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of teacher in curriculum development in selected secondary schools in Dodola woreda. West Arsi zone. The concurrent embedded design of the mixed methods approach was employed with the qualitative approach dominating the study while the quantitative was used to add detail. Data from secondary school teachers were collected using questionnaires while interview guides were used for teachers and curriculum specialists. Raw data collected from interviews and questionnaires were analyzed using themes and descriptive statistics into significant patterns so as to easily interpret and understand the essence of the data. The findings of the study clearly suggested that teachers were dissatisfied with the existing practice of curriculum development which insignificantly involved them. The majority of secondary school teachers in Dodola woreda had never participated in the development of the curriculum and this they thought was the main reason why they faced challenges with implementing it effectively. It was further revealed that curriculum materials such as textbooks were of poor quality. The teachers, however, indicated that they were willing to participate in the curriculum development process, especially in situational analysis, in the formulation of educational objectives, setting up the curriculum project, writing of curriculum materials such as textbooks. From this study, it was concluded that teachers were not adequately involved in the curriculum development process with their role being mainly to implement the already developed curriculum. Consequently, most teachers’ encountered challenges when implementing the developed curriculum. A majority of teachers felt they can play important roles in the curriculum development process apart from the actual curriculum implementation. It was thus recommended that Ministry of Education (MoE) through CD should broaden the scope of teacher involvement in curriculum development through being in constant touch with the schools especially through extensive research, adequate communication channels and making visits to schools. This may enable them to develop a curriculum that is flexible to be easily implemented by all teachers depending on the learners’ needs and different school environment. https://zenodo.org/record/9004 10.20372/nadre:9004 oai:zenodo.org:9004 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9003 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ROLE OF TEACHER IN CURRICULUM DEVERLOPMENT IN GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DODOLA DISTRICT, WEST ARSI ZONE,OROMIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9019 2025-07-16T14:14:09Z user-mwu123-un

Ebrahim Awel 2016-06-15 This study aimed at investigating the benefits of School Clustering Program in Improving Teaching-Learning Practices, the ways through which school clustering program served the schools in improving teaching learning practices and the factors that influences the effectiveness of school clustering program in Primary Schools of Sinana „Woreda. To attain these objectives, first three school cluster centres were selected randomly because in order to make the selected cluster centres are the appropriate representatives of the whole population. Then 57 teachers and 10 principals were selected by using lottery system of simple random technique. On the other hand three cluster supervisors and three cluster centre coordinators were selected using availability sampling technique. Besides two Woreda educational experts were selected purposively. Questionnaire and interview were used as main tools. The collected data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods. The major findings revealed that the school clustering program in primary schools of sinana Woreda fail to improve the teaching learning practices. That is, the primary schools in this Woreda are not benefiting in terms of improving teaching learning practices that are manifested in the form of using active learning methods, continuous assessment, resource sharing and providing support. The study concludes that except in experience sharing, organizing question and answer program, and preparation of uniform test or exam the school clustering program failed to help the primary schools in sinana Woreda professionally. Beside, the most valuable elements of school clustering program were not practiced and implemented in the cluster centres. Hence, for the better implementation of school clustering activities the concerned bodies need to give due attention. https://zenodo.org/record/9019 10.20372/nadre:9019 oai:zenodo.org:9019 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9018 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL CLUSTERING PROGRAM IN IMPROVING TEACHING-LEARNING PRACTICES IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF SINANA 'WOREDA', BALE ZONE, OROMIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:8997 2025-07-16T14:03:14Z user-mwu123-un

Zewge Teferi 2018-12-11 ABSTRACT This study was designed to assess woody species diversity, structure and management practices along three altitudinal range of Abasheba Demero Forest Reserve in Goro district, Bale zone. Three altitudinal ranges were purposively selected. Data on woody vegetation were collected from each altitude and a total of 18 (6 for each) parallel transects were laid out across the long side of the reserved forest. Along transects, nested quadrats having a size of 20 m × 20 m (for trees and shrubs), and 5m × 5m (for saplings), and 2 m by 2m (for seedlings) were laid out to collect all life forms of plant data. A total of 60 (20 for each altitude) sample quadrats were laid in the study reserve forest. A total of 33 woody species were recorded in the three altitudes, belongs to 25 families. Individually, 25, 14 and 24 woody species were found in lower altitude (2100-2250 m), mid altitude (2251-2400 m), and upper altitude (2401-2550 m) of the reserve forest, respectively. The study has also revealed that there were 13, 35, and 20 woody species dead stumps ha-1 at the lower, mid, and upper altitudes of the study area, respectively. Higher woody vegetation density was found in the mid altitude from few numbers of woody species than the lower and upper altitudes. From the lower altitude, in terms of higher classification Boraginaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, and Oleaceae accounts followed by 17 families with one woody species. Two woody species for Papilionoideae were recorded in the mid altitude followed by 12 families with one individual. In the upper altitude, Euphorbiaceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, and Rosaceae were recorded few families with two individual woody species and the remaining about 66.67 % of the species were represented by sixteen family’s one species for each. The Shannon diversity (H’) value for lower altitude is 2.81±0.08, for mid altitude is 1.95±0.10 and 2.88±0.07 from the upper altitude were calculated. Woody vegetation at lower and upper altitudes was computed significantly higher than the mid altitude. The population diameter class distribution in the lower and upper altitudes showed almost all an inverted J-shape diameter distribution. It illustrated that, the number of seedlings and saplings were higher than trees/shrubs in the lower and upper altitude which reveals active seed recruitments and growth potentials. However, the diameter classes DBH2.5-10 and DBH11-20 from the mid altitude, lower number of individuals were observed than the large diameter class which is relatively hamper shaped type. This may attributed due to the selective cutting frequently carried out in this altitude. Dominants species in all altitudes exhibited different types of regeneration status. Woody species such as Croton macrostachus and Vepris dainellii from the lower altitude, Vepris dainellii, Bersama abyssinica, and Croton macrostachus the mid altitude, and Schefflera abyssinica, Bersama abyssinica, and Myrica salicifolia from the upper altitude, represented a slightly inverted J-curve, indicating that this group of species has good regeneration pattern. The second pattern, represented by Syzygium guineense and Schefflera abyssinica from the lower altitude, Erythrina brucei from the mid altitude, and Vepris dainellii from the upper altitude, showed slightly irregular shape population regeneration structure with missing individuals at the lower and upper diameter classes, suggesting hampered regeneration due to free grazing and selective removal of individuals. Generally, the regeneration of individual woody species in the studied reserved forest was highly pronounced because of the extent of altitudinal gradient and may also attributed by socioeconomic value of the woody species. https://zenodo.org/record/8997 10.20372/nadre:8997 oai:zenodo.org:8997 doi:10.20372/nadre:8996 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Reserve Forest, Altitude, Management, Vegetation Composition, Diversity, Regeneration Structure Ecosystem and Biodiversity Conservation Programme Unit, Woody Species Diversity, Structure and Management along Altitudinal Gradient of Abasheba Demero forest reserve Goro District, Bale Zone, South eastern Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9014 2025-07-16T14:06:02Z user-mwu123-un

ASSEFA ASNAKECH 2025-07-16 The main purpose of this study was to assess practices and challenges of continuous professional development programs in secondary Schools of Goba town administration of Bale Zone Oromiya Regional State. Pragmatism was used as a philosophical assumption for the study. Mixed research methods more, specifically concurrent triangulation design was used to realize the study. All three secondary schools of Goba Town administration, were purposively selected. Availability sampling techniques was employed to select 179 representative samples of which 134 teachers, 12 department heads, 7 principals/vice, 1 secondary school supervisor, and 21 parent teachers association and 4 word education office expert was purposively selected. Data collection methods were included three major instruments questionnaires, interview and document analysis. The data gathered through closed-ended questionnaire items were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software and generated descriptive statistics and presented with the help of frequency, percentage, mean score and standard deviation; Moreover, inferential statistic t-test was employed to identify whether if there will statistical significance differences between means of teachers and school leaders. While the data gathered through interview, open-ended questions and document analysis were analyzed qualitatively through narration, direct quotation, paraphrasing and thematic analysis. The findings of the study indicated that there were encouraging impacts of CPD program on day today teachers’ activities and multiple challenges encountered. Consequently, lack of well-organized concerned bodies, lack of systematic coordination, lack of reliable support, lack of follow up, lack of knowledge and expertise and budget constraints were identified as a major school leaders related factors while lack of training opportunities, failure to understand the intension of the program and high workload were identified as teacher related factors affecting the effectiveness of CPD. Thus, to overcome the challenges encountered, recommendations have been forwarded. These include: orienting teachers in advance with the overall contents of the professional growth, motivating teachers to willingly take more responsibilities in the implementation process, employing trained facilitators, and allocation of sufficient resources to effectively achieve the intended goals. Moreover, Woreda education office has to allocate the necessary school budget. https://zenodo.org/record/9014 10.20372/nadre:9014 oai:zenodo.org:9014 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9013 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Practice, challenges, continuous professional development, teachers, school leaders PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN SECONDARY GOBA TOWN ADMINISTRATION, BALE ZONE, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9010 2025-07-16T14:03:38Z user-mwu123-un

KASSAW AREGA 2019-10-15 Cooperative learning is currently one of the effective and highly advocated instructional approaches to enhances academic achievement of social development learners at different levels: primary, secondary and tertiary. However, implementation of this instructional method is not free from challenges. To mention some, lack of awareness, lack of resources, and large class size are few of these challenges. The purpose of this study was to investigate the practices and challenges of cooperative learning as well as to examine the benefits gained due to the implementation of cooperative learning in Wollo University, Dessie Campus. To achieve this purpose, a concurrent or triangulation research design was applied whereby collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data were undertaken at the same time in an integrated manner. The target population for this study were students and instructors of Wollo University. From the total population of the study, 151 instructors and 354 students were taken as samples. In addition, ten instructor informants were selected and interviewed. Moreover, three lesson observations were conducted by the researcher. Thus, the instruments of data collection used for this study were questionnaire, interview, observation and document analysis. The data collected through questionnaire (quantitative data) were analyzed using frequency, percentage mean, standard deviation and independent sample t-test through SPSS 25.0. The t-test was applied to test the statistical significance of the mean values of instructor and student respondents for the elements of cooperative learning (positive interdependence, individual accountability, face to face interaction, social interaction, group processing), challenges and benefits of cooperative learning. Furthermore, the evidences collected through questionnaire were triangulated with the data collected through interviews and observations as well as with the documents gained from the University. The finding of the study revealed that the implementation of cooperative learning in Wollo University is not satisfactory. It becomes evident that the characterizing features of good implementation of cooperative learning were not effectively practiced in the University. The study also identified the challenges that hindered the implementation of cooperative learning. Finally, the finding indicates that the benefits that students acquired due to the implementation of cooperative learning is not encouraging. https://zenodo.org/record/9010 10.20372/nadre:9010 oai:zenodo.org:9010 doi:10.20372/nadre:9009 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Cooperative Learning, Wollo University, Practices, Challenges, Benefits PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN WOLLO UNIVERSITY: THE CASE OF UNDERGRADUATE REGULAR STUDENTS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9016 2025-07-16T14:16:18Z user-mwu123-un

ABEBAYEHU TESFAYE 2019-10-23 Weed infestation can cause a substantial yield loss in bread wheat in Ethiopia .Optimum seeding rate is one of the most important production factors for higher grain yield as well as for quality crop.Indiscriminate use of seeding rates not only increases production costs but usually decrease wheat grain yield. Considering this,a field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of seed rate and weed management practices on weed, yield components and yield of bread wheat at Sinana Agriculture Research Center(SARC) and Madda Walabu University experimental site Bale-Robe Campus during 2018/2019 main cropping season Three seed rate (125, 150, 175 kgha-1) and six weed management practices (One hand weeding at 30DAS, Pyroxsulam 0.25 lit/ha at 30 DAS + one hand weeding at 45 DAS , one hand hoeing 30DAS, Pyroxsulam 0.5 lit/ha 30DAS,weedfree and weedy check were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement with three replications. The experimental field was infested mostly with broad leaf weeds belonging to ten plant families and two major dominant broad weed species (Amaranthus spinosus L)at Sinana and (Galinsoga parviflora Cav) at Bale Robe. The interaction effect of seed rate, weed management practice and sites influenced broad leaf weed density ,total weed density, dry matter, total weed and productive tillers, plant height and number of seed per spike. The minimum broad leafed density (0.7 m-2) was obtained at seedrate of 175kgh-1 combined with weed free at both site. While maximum (68.7and 67.3) kernel per spike was recorded at 150kgha-1 seed rate with weed free plot at sinana and robe respectively followed by pyroxsulam 0.25lt/ha +one hand weeding under seed rate150kgha-1(66.3,63.3) at Sinana and Robe respectively. Results showed that the highest number of productive tillers per plant (4.4), was observed with weed free plot under seed rate of 175 kgha-1 at Bale Robe, whereas the lowest 2.4productive tiller per plant was recorded in weedy check under seed rate of 125 kgha-1 at Sinana . The maximum grain yield (4418 kg ha-1) was obtained from weed free plot with 150 kgha-1,pyroxsulam 0.25lt/ha +one hand weeding under seed rate150kgha- 1(4239kgha-1).Further, economic analysis indicated that maximum net economic return was obtained using 150 kgha-1 seed rate along with application of pyroxsulam at rate of 0.25lt/ha and one hand weeding. Thus,sowing wheat at rate of 150 kgha-1 seed rate along with pyroxsulam at 0.25lt/ha and one hand weeding can be recommended for increasing productivity wheat and income of farmers in the study area. However, since the experiment was conducted for a single season and only two locations, repeating the experiment across multiple location and season would be imperative to reach at conclusive remarkshas to be repeated with different methods of integrated weed management for sustainable productivity. https://zenodo.org/record/9016 10.20372/nadre:9016 oai:zenodo.org:9016 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9015 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Wheat; Weeds; Integrated weed Management; seed rate; Yield components; Triticum aestivum L. EFFECT OF WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICE AND SEED RATE ON WEEDS INFESTATION, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN BALE HIGHLANDS, SOUTH EAST ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9104 2025-07-17T07:55:46Z user-mwu123-un

SOKA NENKO DAWIT 2019-06-02 The purpose of this study was to investigate transition of students’ from upper primary level to secondary level of education, the case of Malka Soda Woreda, West Guji Zone, Oromia. In order to attain the study objectives successfully; Pragmatic paradigm guided the study which was followed by mixed (Quantitative and Qualitative) research method. Among the mixed research method Concurrent embedded design was employed for this study. The population of the study holds 1 ,286 participants. Since utilizing all population for the study was too difficult, the researcher were used representative samples for this study. In this regards 250 students were selecte by random sampling thechniques specifically stratified techniques,1 0 school directors were selected by availability sampling techniques and 45 teachers selected by porpusive sampling technique.Data gathering tools for this study were questionnaire which for 250 students and 45teachers. Interview was done with 1 0 directors and 20 teachers. Document analysis was conducted in 1 0 schools. Quantitative data were analysed through frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation by using statistical Package for social science Software( SPSS version 20 ) and qualitative data were described in a narrative way. The finding of the study reveals that many students completing primary education were achieving poor performance in primary education leaving examination certificate. Furthermore, it was found that there is no proper assessment processes implemented during teaching and learning processes. Besides, there were the challenges encountered with students transition from primary to secondary level of education, su ch as socio-economy factors like; illegal gold mining and community context like; stu dents attitudes and parents education level. Accordingly from the findings of the study it was recommended that, the government should make proper decisions on measures for maximum students’ transition in the primary school. Woreda Education office and schools shou ld give more emphasis to improve assessments processes implantation, to overcome the challenges of implementation of assessment processes. The Oromia regional state of education should provide qualified teachers to meet the needs of learners in order to improve primary education leaving examination certificate performance in the woreda. https://zenodo.org/record/9104 10.20372/nadre:9104 oai:zenodo.org:9104 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9103 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by TRANSITION OF STUDENTS' FROM PRIMARY TO SECONDARY EDUCATION:THE CASE OF MALKA SODA WOREDA,WEST GUJI ZONE, OROMIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9098 2025-07-17T07:56:30Z user-mwu123-un

ABEBE TESFAYE 2019-07-16 Abstract The less participation of community in school activities in one or other can affect the teachinglearning and the education system in general, and the effective community participation creates social ownership and promotes quality educational activities. Thus, the study aimed at assessing the practices and challenges of community participation in promoting quality of education in secondary schools of Agarfa Woreda, Bale zone, Oromia regional state. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research design approaches (mixed research method). Data were gathered through questionnaire, interviews and documentary reviews. In Agarfa Woreda, there were 5 government secondary schools in which there were 155 teachers, 5 school principals, 35 PTA members, 1 Woreda education head and 1 supervisor. From this, 50 teachers, 15 PTA members was selected by using simple random sampling techniques and 1 Woreda education head and 1 supervisor was selected purposively. As a general, the groups involved in this study included representatives of some of community secondary Schools, and School Board Chairpersons, some of the teachers, community members, Woreda Educational Officers, and supervisors. As a research paradigm, the researcher views that it would be plausible to adopt the emancipatory philosophy or assumption point of views of research. The study revealed that the level of CP in the management of school (formulating strategy & action plan, implementation of strategy & action planned, decision making, resource management, budget preparation, etc.), increasing enrollment & reducing rate of dropout of students (encouraging parents to bring children to school, create awareness to reduce dropout, strive to get support from community, etc.), and enhancing quality of education as a general in different aspects was limited to low percent. Furthermore, the study identified as efforts and supports of school principals to participate the community in school management (in planning, decision making, resource management, monitoring & evaluation, etc.) was low. As a recommendation, the community involvement in managing secondary schools in their respective areas needed not only the efforts of school management team but also of the leaders at community levels and their respective community members. Thus, the education planners and policy makers should modify approaches used in the management of community secondary schools to foster community involvement and participation in every aspect of the schools in order to enhance quality of education. https://zenodo.org/record/9098 10.20372/nadre:9098 oai:zenodo.org:9098 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9097 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Secondary school, Challenges, Community, Community Participation, Quality of Education PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN PROMOTING QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF AGARFA WOREDA, BALE ZONE OF OROMIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9094 2025-07-17T07:48:51Z user-mwu123-un

ABEBE BIRHANU 2020-08-15 The purpose of this study was to investigate practices and challenges of implementing active learning methods in some selected upper primary schools of Sinena District,Bale Zone, Oromia.To this effect, Pragmatism was employed as philosophical paradigm used to guide this study. Mixed research method was used as method to triangulation the problem under the study. More specifically, concurrent triangulation research design wasemployed.The total populations of this study were 2390. From this, Five are school principals, Five were vice principals, One school based supervisor, Nine were WEO experts, 2313 were students, and 57 were teachers. The researcher selected 342 respondents for this study. Both probability and non- probability sampling techniques were used to select samples from a given population. Data for this research was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Questionnaire, interview, and observation was used as data gathering instruments. On the basis and types of data gathered and the instrument used, both quantitative and qualitative techniques of data analysis were employed. Ethical issues were used for this study. Almost allteachers and students had a positive perception of active learning. Teachers arepracticing active learning sometimes but the level of their practice was not satisfactory. Teachers was found to be the most commonly employed teaching technique followed byindividual assignments, group work/discussion and question and answer methods.Shortage of time, large amount of contents to be covered during one classroom andlecturers and students tendency towards the traditional lecture method were found to be the most serious factors among the problems that affects the practice of active learningnegatively. It has been recommended that teachers should be committed to dischargetheir roles to exercise active learning methodologies. Additionally, to improve the level ofimplementation of active learning, the administration of the schools should continuouslyidentify and solves those problems by developing a working group in coordination withteachers, students and other stakeholders. https://zenodo.org/record/9094 10.20372/nadre:9094 oai:zenodo.org:9094 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9093 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Practices, Challenges, Implementing, Active Learning Methods PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING ACTIVE LEARNING METHODS IN SOME SELECTED UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF SINENA DISTRICT, BALE ZONE, OROMIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9138 2025-07-17T08:26:16Z user-mwu123-un

Kunbushu Bekele 2018-07-15 For proper wildlife conservation and management, timely exploration of problems around protected areas is mandatory. The Ethiopian wolf and other wildlife in BMNP has been threatened by anthropogenic activities. This study assessed challenges of human activities on Ethiopian wolf (Canissimiensis) conservation in Bale Mountains National Park. The study was carried between September 2017 and April 2018.The methods used for data collection were semi-structured interviews, FGD and direct observations within the boundary of the National Park. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and other appropriate statistical packages. A questionnaire was administered to obtain the history of the settlers, impacts on Ethiopian wolf and their habitats, people’s views towards Ethiopian wolf. A total of 384 households were randomly selected from five villages (GerembaDima, Hora Soba, Gojera, Rira and Angeso) which are found around and within the park. The majority of respondents (72.5%) had a positive attitude towards Ethiopian wolf. Above 78% of respondents noted as trends of livestock loss by Ethiopian wolf is decreasing in the last 10 years. As noted by respondents, the major trends of human activities such as settlements (62.7%), agricultural expansion (60.2%), and livestock grazing (65.1%)) have been increasing the last 10 years in the park. More than 38% respondents graze their livestock totally inside the park, and 44.4% of them graze both in and outside the park. Of the respondents, 66.4% used the grasses primarily for thatching houses, and 56.0% trees for fire wood and construction. Many part of the protected area was found to be under cultivation (both continuous and scattered cultivated land). Human settlement, agricultural expansion, livestock grazing and illegal resource exploitation in the National Park were the major problems of Ethiopian wolf conservation. Most of the cropland expansions were increasing and resulted into great losses of natural habitats of Ethiopian wolf. This needs great consideration from concerned officials and local people to conserve this endangered and endemic species in the National Park. Therefore, active measures have to be implemented to control the human impact and prevent further deterioration of the Ethiopian wolf in the area https://zenodo.org/record/9138 10.20372/nadre:9138 oai:zenodo.org:9138 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9137 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Bale Mountains, conservation, Ethiopian wolf, human impacts, wildlife. Challenges of Human Activities on Ethiopian wolf conservation in Bale Mountains National Park, South East Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9140 2025-07-17T08:30:51Z user-mwu123-un

Usman Bamud Abdulwahid 2024-05-15 Maintaining economic success requires a high level of education. Due to a variety of factors, many students are performing worse. There are currently more academic institutions that keep vast amounts of student education and related data. Every year, a sizable number of students enroll. Thus, the education sector's need for data growth is still present. For the purpose of evaluating performance, handling and analyzing such a large volume of raw data manually leads to boredom and failure. Dissatisfaction, boredom, and failure result from manually processing and analyzing such a large volume of data for performance testing. In other words, conventional approaches are unduly intricate and challenging to assess and analyze. Using machine learning, the study main objective is to develop a predictive model for academic performance of students in the secondary schools of bale zone in Oromia National Regional State. When it comes to managing student performance, this can be of considerable use to planners, legislators, and educators. To achieve the aim of this study, a total of 12005 rooster data were collected from secondary school database specifically created for student result purpose, collected from 2011 to 2015. The collected data were preprocessed by handling missing values, outlier detection, feature selection and data balancing. Four machine learning algorithms previously stated as a benchmark by different researchers were selected to develop prediction model for student academic performance. Then, a total of four experiment were conducted. In each experiment the selected algorithms hyperparameters were optimized by grid search cv algorithm. In order to select the best performed model from each algorithm the researcher apply several train test splits. Finally, to identify the best model, the selected model was compared with four performance measurement metrics. The outcome of the comparison showed that the model developed by Random Forest and KNearest Neighbors algorithms generated good result the other algorithms model in terms of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-score. A model developed by Random Forest and KNearest Neighbors algorithms generated 97% and 96% accuracy respectively. Then, through proposed machine learning models a prototype were developed to show the student performance. Finally, the study concluded that, government and private secondary school can minimize the lower achiever students by including the proposed machine learning based prediction model in to their system https://zenodo.org/record/9140 10.20372/nadre:9140 oai:zenodo.org:9140 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9139 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Maintaining economic success requires a high level of education. Due to a variety of factors, many students are performing worse. There are currently more academic institutions that keep vast amounts of student education and related data. Every year, a sizable number of students enroll. Thus, the education sector's need for data growth is still present. For the purpose of evaluating performance, handling and analyzing such a large volume of raw data manually leads to boredom and failure. Dissatisfaction, boredom, and failure result from manually processing and analyzing such a large volume of data for performance testing. In other words, conventional approaches are unduly intricate and challenging to assess and analyze. Using machine learning, the study main objective is to develop a predictive model for academic performance of students in the secondary schools of bale zone in Oromia National Regional State. When it comes to managing student performance, this can be of considerable use to planners, legislators, and educators. To achieve the aim of this study, a total of 12005 rooster data were collected from secondary school database specifically created for student result purpose, collected from 2011 to 2015. The collected data were preprocessed by handling missing values, outlier detection, feature selection and data balancing. Four machine learning algorithms previously stated as a benchmark by different researchers were selected to develop prediction model for student academic performance. Then, a total of four experiment were conducted. In each experiment the selected algorithms hyperparameters were optimized by grid search cv algorithm. In order to select the best performed model from each algorithm the researcher apply several train test splits. Finally, to identify the best model, the selected model was compared with four performance measurement metrics. The outcome of the comparison showed that the model developed by Random Forest and KNearest Neighbors algorithms generated good result the other algorithms model in terms of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-score. A model developed by Random Forest and KNearest Neighbors algorithms generated 97% and 96% accuracy respectively. Then, through proposed machine learning models a prototype were developed to show the student performance. Finally, the study concluded that, government and private secondary school can minimize the lower achiever students by including the proposed machine learning based prediction model in to their system DEVELOPING MACHINE LEARNING BASED PREDICTION MODEL FOR STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9158 2025-07-17T08:34:07Z user-mwu123-un

DEFERSHA FIKADU 2020-05-01 The purpose of this study was Quality of pre-primary education: A comparative study of government and private pre-primary schools in Goba town administration, Bale Zone, Oromia Regional state. To achieve this general objective mixed concurrent triangulation research design was employed for the study. The study was guided by combination of Vygotsky·s socio-cultural theory and W. Edward Total Quality Management theory. Pragmatism paradigm was used for the study. There were nine governmental and ten private pre-primary school centers in the town. The target population were 57 pre-primary school teachers, 19 school principals, 2 supervisors, the town education office head, and 360 parents. Students were not included in the population because they were under aged and the researcher did not expect that data obtained from them is not highly reliable. Totally, the target population included 439cases. All 57(100%) pre-primary school teachers, 19(100%) school principals, 2 (100%) supervisors, 1 (100%) the town education head officer were taken as sample by using available sampling method because they were small in number and manageable. Regarding parents, 36 parents were selected by simple random sampling method from the two strata (government and private). Both primary and secondery source of data were used for the study. Questionnaires, interviews and focus group discusion tools were employed for data collection. The collected data were also analyzed by both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics that was, frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Infrential stastics like t-test would be used to test if there were significant difference between the mean scores of the two schools. The qualitative data were analysed by using direct qoutation, naration and paraprasing. The result of data analyses revealed that majority of private preschool apply appropriate early childhood teaching methods from government preschool setting. The study also indicate that private schools have better physical facilities as compared to government school except availability of separate office and staff rooms, class size and playground. Distance from school and inadequate playground are challenges that face private school. Similarly, insufficient infrastructures, lack of qualified teachers, lack of adequate budget and absence of parents’ involvement are challenges that hinder the provision of quality education in government school. The finding also reveals that absence of standardized curriculum and insufficient instructional materials are the challenges that face both preprimary schools. Based on the findings, it is recommended that policy makers and curriculum developers ensure that pre-school education is compulsory and part of the general education; develop standardized curriculum for pre-primary education which may include cognitive, socio-emotional physical as well as life skills development. The government and private proprietors should recruit well trained teachers in ECED. https://zenodo.org/record/9158 10.20372/nadre:9158 oai:zenodo.org:9158 doi:10.20372/nadre:9157 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Preprimary school education, government pre-primary school, private pre-primary school, quality education and comparison. QUALITY OF PRE-PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE PREPRIMARY SCHOOLS IN GOBA ADMINISTRATIVE TOWN OF BALE ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9144 2025-07-17T08:34:13Z user-mwu123-un

AMAN AWOL 2023-10-17 Malt barely is an important industrial crop in Ethiopia which helps the farmers to generate income as cash crop. However, the productions of this crop constrained by different factors among which weeds were the major one which causes significant yield reduction. This study was conducted to investigate effect of integrated weed management on weeds, yield components and yield of malt barley (Hordeum distichon L.) in West Arsi Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia. The field experiment was conducted with combination of three each herbicide rate (1 liter, 0.75 liter and 0.5 liter), hand weeding, weed free and weedy control on malt barley variety of planet. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on weeds, crop phenology, growth, yield components and yield. The collected data was analyzed by using SAS computer software version 9.4 and SAS JMP Pro 17. Weed management practices had a significant difference on weed dry biomass, weed density, number of days to 50% heading, spike length, and above biomass yield. Weed management practices and sites had an interaction effect on thousand grain weights, grain yield, harvest index and days to physical maturity. The treated plots (solan 50% + hand weeding and axial one 50%+hand weed) resulted in the highest weed dry biomass (4.05g m-2 and 3.85 gm-2. The maximum days to 50% heading that was recorded in Hussar activity OD 417 75% + Hand weeding (75). According to the results of the combined analysis, the main factor of weed management treatment and their interaction with location had a very highly significant (p<0.05) on days to 85% physiological maturity. The maximum days (105.33) was recorded at Serofta from weed control plots, followed by treated plots with Axial one 75% + hand weeding and Hussar activity OD 417 100% (105.00). The highest grain yield (7481.25 kg ha-1) and (7268.83 ha-1 was recorded from plots which were weed free and hand weeding, Serofta and Hunte sites, respectively. The highest harvest index (65.65%) was considerably increased by hand weeding at Serofta site and followed by weed control and Hussar activity OD 417 50% + Hand weeding which was statistically at almost at both sites. Malt barely grown under the Axial one 75% + Hand weeding treatment gave the highest net benefit of 318633.5 ETB per hectare. The result of this study provides supportive insights for farmers, researchers, and policymakers in weed management strategies to enhance Malt barley productivity. Comprehensive studies consisting of large number of combinations, locations and seasons are suggested. https://zenodo.org/record/9144 10.20372/nadre:9144 oai:zenodo.org:9144 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9143 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by harvest index; weed management; weed; yield; yield component EFFECT OF INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT ON WEEDS, YIELD COMPONENTS AND YIELD OF MALT BARLEY (Hordeum distichon L.) IN WEST ARSI ZONE, SOUTHEASTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9162 2025-07-17T08:36:08Z user-mwu123-un

Busawa Oda, Gemeda 2020-05-15 The purpose of this study was to assess the Practices and Challenges of School-Based Supervision in some selected Secondary Schools of Guji Zone Oromia regional state. Data was gathered from 150(one hundred fifty) teachers, 66(sixty six) school based supervisors (SBS) committee members, 6 (six) woreda education office (WEO) experts and 1(one) zone education office (ZEO) expert. 6(Six) woredas were selected by using stratified sampling technique and 12(twelve) secondary schools by using simple random sampling. The instruments used to collecting data were questionnaire, interview and document analysis. To this effect both qualitative and quantitative data analysis method were employed. After organizing the collected data into two independent; school-based supervisors and teachers groups’ data that had collected through questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistic of frequency, mean and standard deviation. Moreover to check whether or not the mean score within these two independent sample groups of respondents were statistically significant; the inferential statistic of an independent group sample t-test were employed by using SPSS version 20. Data collected through interview and document review were analyzed using narration to enrich the data obtained through questionnaire. The study has showed that in GZSS; SBS were giving feedbacks on weekly lesson plans and they have had a good practice to carry on a pre observation conference. However; most of SBS, especially school leaders within the study area were not qualify the position they had acquired. They did not fulfill the prerequisite criterion that has been stated. They hadn’t created an opportunity of peer coaching among teachers within the same department. Their supervisory practice had focused on fault finding. In general the SBS within the sampled schools were deficient in playing their respective supervisory activities. From the above major findings; thus, the following recommendations were drawn. For the effective implementation of SBS practice they will need to create an opportunity for teachers by implementing various supervisory practices in relation to the individual teachers’ developmental levels. Schools’ principals should make strong efforts to improve the capacity of personnel’s who had participated on SBS. They were needed to create opportunity by experience sharing for all stakeholders. https://zenodo.org/record/9162 10.20372/nadre:9162 oai:zenodo.org:9162 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9161 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF SCHOOL-BASED SUPERVISON IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF GUJI ZONE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9156 2025-07-17T08:39:15Z user-mwu123-un

HUSSIEN GELETA JAWARO 2025-07-17 The study was venturing into the heart of Ethiopia's Barisa community forest in the scenic Dodola district of West Arsi Zone, this study delves deep into the intricate tapestry of nature. With a keen focus on understanding the forest's essence, we set out to unravel its secrets regarding floristic composition, population dynamics, and the rejuvenating pulse of its woody species. Employing cutting-edge technology, this study meticulously mapped out the forest's landscape using GPS coordinates, creating a grid-like pattern that led us to 80 carefully selected sample plots. These plots, each a 20m x 20m, used for capturing the essence of mature trees and the promise of young saplings5m×5m (0.25M2) and for seedling 2m×2m (0.04M2) quadrant of subplot. The data was analyzed by the R statistics software, revealing a captivating array of 30 plant species flourishing amidst the forest's embrace. Diversity indices painted a vivid picture of nature's equilibrium, showcasing a harmonious blend of species across different altitudes. Diversity indices such as Shannon Wiener diversity index (H’), species evenness (J), and Simpson’s Diversity Indices (D) were calculated, showing values of 2.62, 0.77, and 0.88, respectively. Altitude gradient analysis revealed that mid-altitude areas had higher diversity indices (H’, D, and S) compared to lower and higher altitudes. Population structure parameters such as DBH, tree height, basal area, dominance, density, frequency, and Important Value Index (IVI) were computed. The three most dominant tree species in terms of basal area, density, and relative frequency were Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl, Afrocarpus (Podocarpus) falcatus, and Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J. F. Gmel, respectively. The study area had a total basal area of 35.835m²/hectare and a total density of 9168 trees per hectare. Regarding regeneration status, the average number of seedlings, saplings, and mature trees per hectare was approximately 8007, 941, and 220, respectively, indicating a good regeneration status characterized by an inversed J-shaped curve in the population structure of Barisa community forest. However, some species showed limited regeneration, highlighting the need for management measures to ensure the sustainable and wise use of forest resources. https://zenodo.org/record/9156 10.20372/nadre:9156 oai:zenodo.org:9156 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9155 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Community Forest, Floristic composition, Population structure, Regeneration status, Woody species FLORISTIC COMPOSITION, POPULATION STRUCTURE, AND REGENERATION STATUS OF WOODY SPECIES IN BARISA COMMUNITY FOREST, DODOLA WOREDA, WEST ARSI ZONE, SOUTH EAST ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9168 2025-07-17T08:40:13Z user-mwu123-un

TULU GAREDEW, HABTAMU 2025-07-17 The purpose of this study was to assess the practices and challenges of teachers' performance appraisal in general secondary schools of Goro Woreda, Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State. Pragmatism was used as a philosophical assumption for the study. Mixed research methods more, specifically concurrent triangulation design was used to realize the study. Three secondary schools from four secondary schools of Goro Woreda, were randomly selected. Availability and purposive sampling techniques were employed to select 87 representative samples of which 71, teachers, 11 department heads, 3 principals,1 secondary school supervisor from three secondary schools and 1 word education office expert. Data collection methods include three major instruments questionnaires, interview and document analysis. The data gathered through closed-ended questionnaire items were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software and generated descriptive statistics and presented with the help of frequency, percentage, mean score and standard deviation; while the data gathered through interview, open-ended questions and document analysis were analyzed qualitatively through narration, direct quotation, paraphrasing and thematic analysis. The finding of the study indicated that the criteria of teachers' performance appraisal does not initiate teachers, not planning on appropriate time and based on teachers' rank and there is no pre and post appraisal discussion with teachers and also lack of necessary knowledge of the appraisers on the criteria, lack of necessary training of appraisers, teachers' attitudes and perception towards teachers' performance appraisal challenges was identified. To overcome the challenges encountered, recommendations have been forwarded. These include: organizing necessary training on teachers' performance appraisal for teachers, principals and department heads, organize seminars, workshops and other in service courses on guidelines of teacher performance appraisal and assigning adequately trained appraisers in the successful implementation of the process. Moreover, the Government and Woreda education office should give more attention to fulfill school facilities to improve teachers' performance appraisal are some the mechanisms to tackle the problems. https://zenodo.org/record/9168 10.20372/nadre:9168 oai:zenodo.org:9168 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9167 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF TEACHERS' PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF GORO WOREDA, BALE ZONE, OROMIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9164 2025-07-17T08:41:50Z user-mwu123-un

Nigussie Desalegn 2025-07-17 ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to assess the potential of plant species Composition and Diversity in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia. The northern section of which includes two of the vegetation zones (Northern woody land and Gaysay valley) were selected for this study. Four sampling sites namely Gaysay grass land, Addeley, Boditti and Dinsho Hill were systematically established. A systematic sampling procedure was used in locating quadrats within each sampling site. Accordingly, these quadrats were laid systematically at every 400m along transect lines, which were set 300 m apart from each other. A total of 39 quadrants of 20 m x 25 m were established in the entire study area. In each quadrant, the tree and shrub species with diameters at breast Height (DBH) equal or less than 10 cm were identified to species level, enumerated and measured. Four (2 m × 5 m) sub quadrats nested in bigger quadrats (of 20 × 25 m) were established for woody species sampling. For grasses and other herbaceous species five 1m2 quadrats were randomly established inside the main quadrats (20m ×25m).. The result of this research shows that in the study area, 31 plant species representing 17 different families were recorded from the 39 quadrats. Overall, other herbaceous (i.e. non-grass, forbs and herbs) species were the predominant species covering 77.41% of all plants recorded in the entire study area followed by grass species (9.67 %), tree species (9.67%) and Bush species (3.22%), respectively. The species relative frequency distribution showed that only few species had higher percentage occurrence which had relative frequency between 7.9 and 12.5 which occupy only 12.9% of total species (Carex, Andrapagon, Arcmella fishery, Trifolium) of which Carex plant species are among plant species frequently encountered all over the plants and have 12.5 relative frequency which was followed by Andrapagon which has 11.9 relative frequency. Majorities of the species have 32.26% of the small representation through which their relative frequency lies in between 0.4-0.8 of which ten species counted and also 32.26% of species also have relative frequency which ranges between 2.4 and 5. According to the results of this study , the value of Simpson diversity index value is equal to 0.27 which implies that there was high diversity of grass species within Bale Mountain’s national park northern section grass area. The value of the species richness of the study area was estimated to be 5.96 and the value of Shannon evenness and Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H`) was about 1.12 and 1.67 respectively. The most predominant/abundant plant species recorded in the study area were Andropogon, Carex, and Festuca of which density was 25,095/ha, 12,217/ha and 3662/ha respectively.. Totally, grass species contributed to a total percentage cover of 54.48% which is followed by other-herbaceous plants of which they have percentage cover of 24.4% of total coverage. https://zenodo.org/record/9164 10.20372/nadre:9164 oai:zenodo.org:9164 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9163 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Bale Mountains National Park, Diversity, Plant species Composition. COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY OF PLANT SPECIES IN THE NORTHERN SECTION OF BALE MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK, SOUTHEAST ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9178 2025-07-17T08:45:48Z user-mwu123-un

Haleke Huka, Jarso 2020-06-15 This study was aimed to investigate the mate selection process and its associated factors with their marriage: a retroactive investigation with married adults in Elwaye Woreda of Borana zone. To investigate this research, the sequential exploratory mixed design was used. The study was mainly conducted by structured Mate Preferences Questionnaire contains The questions of mate selection style and Factors in choosing a mate, focus group discussion, and interview. The respondents of the study are married adults of 377 samples found in selected six Ganda/kebeles for household survey study and the interview, two Abba Gada, two elders, and one married adult from each selected kebeles has participated. Three grouped FGD was also carried out containing one group from Saba kebeles, one from Elwaye, and one group from picked selective of each Ganda. To select those respondents the researcher has used cluster sampling methods for married adults of household survey and others were selected purposively. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods were used. The quantitative data were analyzed by using SPSS V.20.The frequency distribution and cross-tabulation were also used to examine the relationship or association between two categorical variables, and the hierarchal Binary logistic regression model was used to interpret the result. Findings indicated that free-choice mate selection is highly prevalent among married adults of the Woreda and that it is the most different or specific of traditional arranged mate selection practices. The main reasons for free-choice mate selection included mainly both personality factors and different social factors. Ages and before marriage relationships of the adults made unique contributions to predict types of mate selection in the full model, but other predictors did not. Thus after controlling age and Before marriage relations, other all predictors like Religions, education level, gender, good financial prospect, good look(beautifulness) and norms and custom of the society has no longer contributed significantly to predicting types of mate selection. https://zenodo.org/record/9178 10.20372/nadre:9178 oai:zenodo.org:9178 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9177 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Borana Marriage, Mate Selection Process, Marriage related factors Mate selection process and its associated factors: A retroactive analysis among Married Adults the Case of Elwaye Woreda of Borana Zone, Southern Oromia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:9187 2025-07-17T08:51:04Z user-mwu123-un

HASEN TARIE, JEMAL 2020-10-10 IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN CURRICULUM AND TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES; AND SUBMITTED TO: DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND MANAGMENT COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND BEHAVORAL STUDIES https://zenodo.org/record/9187 10.20372/nadre:9187 oai:zenodo.org:9187 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:9186 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/mwu123-un info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN THE CASE OF SOME SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOL OF JEJU DISTRIC EDUCATION ARSI ZONE OROMIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis .eJw1jk9vgjAcQL9Lz2ho5Y_ltmXShG1kduGncDEdrchop4E2kBi_-3rxXd87vDualJIoC9c4TVKabpM0Tug22YRRgKZ2vGp96r1HOdOuJgtuGJxrQp1kEMmcYnnQw9sxx82xiPeHeOAGwpp0r_mwm-G3tZ9weQeGLTdSyOrWgNkvQu9enqiljlpiXcU0VLooSkO_ORTlj-HVB5QcBegmOoUyEqBhFmM3oezup61_cpMaV2Z2mGxW7s-XRlkhhRVfozr3iy-uoj_JFj0e_3uGSc0.afjRQQ.e2uu6Ywxg18gl93-wHs0h0NfBuM