2026-05-04T17:02:50Z https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/oai2d

oai:zenodo.org:5760 2025-01-13T09:29:19Z user-dbu user-zenodo

Mulatu Mekonnen 2019-06-01 Software-defined networking architectural framework eases the life of the network administrators by isolating the data plane from the control plane. This facilitates easy configuration of the network, provides a programmable interface for developing applications related to management, security, logging etc. and the centralized logical controller gives more control over the entire network, which has the total visibility of the network. These advantages of SDN also expose the network to the vulnerabilities and the impact of the attacks are much severe when compared to conventional networks, where the network devices in itself provided protection from the attacks and limits the scope of the attacks. In this paper, we explore various attacks that can be launched on SDN at different layers. We also evaluate some of the existing security methods in mitigating the attacks. We also explore a possible solution to prevent DDoS attacks using entropy. A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a DoS attack utilizing multiple distributed attack sources. Every network in the system has an entropy. Increase in randomness causes decrease in entropy. To mitigate this threat, this project proposes to use the central control of SDN for attack detection and introduces a solution that is effective and lightweight in terms of the resources that it uses. More precisely, this project shows how DDoS attacks can exhaust controller resources and provides a solution to detect such attacks based on the entropy variation of the destination IP address. Based on this value if it drops below threshold , we are blocking the specific port in the switch and bring the port down. This method is able to detect DDoS within the first five hundred packets of the attack traffic. https://zenodo.org/record/5760 10.20372/nadre:5760 oai:zenodo.org:5760 doi:10.20372/nadre:5759 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/dbu url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/zenodo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by IP-BASED DDOS ATTACK DETECTION AND MITIGATION FOR SDN CONTROLLER info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:5762 2025-01-13T09:33:39Z user-dbu user-zenodo

WondwosenTefera 2019-05-01 In Ethiopia, among other things, lack of finance is one of the fundamental problems hampering production, productivity and income of rural poor farm households. Since access to institutional finance is very limited, the majority of the poor are forced to search financial services through informal channels so forced them to remain in the vicious circle of poverty. The study was sought to ascertain use of formal financial credit and factors that affect smallholder farmer’s access to formal credit. A multistage sampling method was employed to select ten out of thirty rural kebeles in BasonaWerana district and 422 farm households. Structured interview schedule was developed, pre-tested and used for collecting quantitative data for the study from the sampled household heads. Focus group discussion, and key informant interview were held to generate qualitative data. Descriptive statistics and logit model were used for analyzing quantitative data and the qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The output from the study indicates that 103 (24.41%) of the sampled farm households were formal financial credit users, whereas the remaining (75.59%) were non-users. However, among the credit users 89(86.40%) reported as they were not satisfied with the credit amount. Farmers acknowledge group lending solves the problem of collateral requirement, but also mentioned as it has a sort of limitations in affecting the credit demand negatively. Moreover, the analysis using the logit model revealed that the demographic factors, age, sex and education status of the household heads, and majority of the institutional factors such as, lending procedure, interest rates, rigid repayment period and distance, as well attitude of household heads towards credit risk were the statistically significant determinants that affect smallholder farmers’ access to formal financial credit https://zenodo.org/record/5762 10.20372/nadre:5762 oai:zenodo.org:5762 doi:10.20372/nadre:5761 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/dbu url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/zenodo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by "The case of BasonaWerana District in North Shoa Zone of AmharaRegionEthiopia" info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:5764 2025-01-13T09:35:24Z user-dbu user-zenodo

LIBARGACHEW ATAKURIE SHIMELIS 2019-05-01 Devaluation of currency has been stipulated and utilized increasingly as a stabilization device in developing countries, as part of International Monetary Fund (IMF) mainstream adjustment programs. The policy measure of currency devaluation has aimed to make export products more competitive and permutes demand towards domestically produced goods eventually boosting the overall output of the country. The objective of this work is to add to the existing of multiple theoretical and empirical studies that have examined the effect of currency devaluation on the Ethiopian major export commodities using annual time series data for the period 1985-2018. To determine the relation between dependent and the independent variables, both analytical (qualitative) explanations and econometric analysis are used in the study. The key results of the present study revealed that Birr devaluation improve the major export product of Ethiopia in the short run and deteriorates it in the long run. The study also found that the government, through outstanding credit loan availability and political instability, may play a key role in increasing and decreasing exports. Other variables like foreign direct investment and real gross domestic product with expected positive sign are also found to be statistically significant in explaining export in the long-run. The study shows that the country to be on the right truck to increase export earnings in the long run it is better not to devaluate further and the concerned body should work to strengthen and extend political stability and foreign investment polices since it helps to increase the performance of export https://zenodo.org/record/5764 10.20372/nadre:5764 oai:zenodo.org:5764 doi:10.20372/nadre:5763 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/dbu url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/zenodo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Effect of Devaluation of Currency on Ethiopia's Major Export Commodities: The Case of Coffee, Oil Seeds and Hides and Skins info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:5766 2025-01-13T09:37:20Z user-dbu user-zenodo

TESHOME GETO DAWD 2018-06-01 The main purpose of this study was to analysis Conflict Management and Leadership for Organizational Change in Wogdie Secondary and Preparatory Schools of wogdie woreda. The study employed descriptive method with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Purposive sampling technique was used to select school principals, supervisor, and Woreda education office experts and Teachers were selected based on stratified sampling based on their experiences and sex. All the necessary data required for this study were gathered from both primary and secondary sources. The data gathering tools employed were questionnaire, interview as well as document analysis. In organizations, conflict is regarded as the presence of discord that occurs when the goals, interests or values of different individuals or groups are incompatible and frustrate each other’s attempting to achieve objectives. There are different views surrounding the origin of conflict in organizations and institutions. From the draw of creation mankind has been presented with conflict. Conflict appears to be inevitable; once there is human interaction conflict seem to fester. This paper seeks to describe the concepts of conflict management, leadership and conflict in organizations and conflict management and organizational change. This paper will analyze the elements of a conflict management process and leadership organizational change and the benefits of managing conflict. The researcher holds that leadership approaches are the key important factors for conflict management. The findings of the study concluded that Conflict Management and Leadership for Organizational Change was not implemented successfully due to the negative perceptions of teachers, the lack of stakeholders support, work load, lack of sufficient resources and many more affecting factors. https://zenodo.org/record/5766 10.20372/nadre:5766 oai:zenodo.org:5766 doi:10.20372/nadre:5765 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/dbu url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/zenodo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE IN WOGDIE WOREDA SECONDARY AND PREPARATORY SCHOOLS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:5770 2025-01-13T09:42:13Z user-dbu user-zenodo

Getiye Mamo 2019-06-01 The purpose of the study was to investigate working capital management practice of manufacturing companies in north Shewa zone. Both theoretical and empirical review of WCMP related literatures were used to clearly identify and understand the concerned issue of this research. The target population of the study was 136 employees of 34 manufacturing companies, and they have been purposively selected as respondents. Purposive sampling method was selected as a sampling technique to distribute the designed questionnaire for purposively selected sample respondents. The collected primary data have been coded and entered in to statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 for analysis and results of the analysis were presented using frequencies, percentages and tables. Results of the analysis show that manufacturing companies in NSZ give accelerating collection of cash from credit customers the at most importance in their working capital management practice. Management of companies also allotted much of their time for working capital management decisions with the objective of achieving liquidity, profitability and efficient use of current assets, considering cash as a highly sensitive current asset. It was also found that there is no practice by which companies can invest their idle cash on convertible securities. The study revealed that most of the companies do not carry out age analysis of inventories & receivables, and do not use such reports as input for decision makings at the top. There is also a limitation on having a written working capital & credit policy. Many of the companies failed in assigning a responsible personnel & having written working manuals for each component working capital management practice https://zenodo.org/record/5770 10.20372/nadre:5770 oai:zenodo.org:5770 doi:10.20372/nadre:5769 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/dbu url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/zenodo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by (With Special Reference to Manufacturing Companies in North Shewa Zone) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:5774 2025-01-14T08:29:41Z user-dbu user-zenodo

Tekabe Shewakena 2019-06-01 The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting the performance of small and micro enterprises (MSEs), with a special focus on textile and garment, food processing and wood and metal work sectors in Debre Brehan, Ethiopia. For this purpose, the study employed mixed methods cross sectional survey research design in which both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for collection and analysis of data obtained from sampled respondents. Purposive sampling, comprehensive sampling and stratified sampling techniques were used for selecting Debre Berhan Town as the research setting, nine kebeles in Debre Berhan Town, and 150 SMEs respondent operators in Debre Berhan Tow, respectively. Using an adapted questionnaire comprising open-ended questions, close-ended questions and Liker scales, quantitative data were gathered from a sample of 150 respondent SMEs operating in Debre Berhan town. In addition, with the use of face-to-face interview, quantitative data were gathered from 20 SMEs operators randomly chosen from the 150 SEMs operators. The quantitative data gathered from the respondents were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical procedures. The interview data were also analyzed using descriptive narrations through concurrent triangulation strategy. The findings revealed that there are eight major challenges which are believed to have a negative influence on the performance of SMEs operating in Debre Berhan Town. The challenges include inadequate finance, lack of working premises, marketing problems, inadequate infrastructures, poor management practices, and technological, entrepreneurial and politico-legal problems including bureaucratic bottlenecks system. https://zenodo.org/record/5774 10.20372/nadre:5774 oai:zenodo.org:5774 doi:10.20372/nadre:5773 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/dbu url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/zenodo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Factors Affecting thePerformance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Debre Berhan Town info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:5772 2025-01-14T08:27:59Z user-dbu user-zenodo

GOSHIMIE MINDA LEGESSE 2018-05-01 All human resources are considered as the most vital part of any organization and the only means of survival. Therefore, understanding the requirements, motivations, and desires of employees is not only necessary, but also essential in the success of any professional organization. Based on this idea, the purpose of the study was to assess the impact of leadership styles (transactional, transformational, and laissez-faire) on job satisfaction of employees in North Shewa zone, zonal public organizations. Stratified sampling, purposive sampling, and lottery sampling methods were used as a tool to determine the sample size. Nine sectors and two hundred fourteen employees were selected from twenty-eight sectors (960 total populations) through the sampling methods mentioned. Primary data was collected through closed ended multi factor leadership questionnaire and job satisfaction survey standard questionnaire. Secondary data was also taken from previous studies and reviews of published articles. Two hundred questionnaires, which were properly filled and retuned, were coded, organized, and analyzed using SPSS-23 version software. Then, descriptive statistical techniques like mean, standard deviation, and percentage. Moreover, inferential statistical techniques such as Pearson correlation coefficient and simple regression were used. The result showed that the relationship between transactional, transformational, and lazier-faire leadership styles and most of the facets of job satisfaction was positively insignificant, positively significant, and negatively insignificant respectively. In addition, the regression analysis showed that transformational leadership was good predictors of job satisfaction whereas transactional leadership was found to have positive but insignificant predictors of job satisfaction. Likewise, lazier-faire leadership becomes predicts job satisfaction negatively. As a result, it was concluded that even though the practices was very weak, leaders who frequently employ transformational leadership style could motivate employees better than leaders who employ transactional leadership style. Therefore, it is recommended that respective organizations would to capacitate leaders and subordinates on relevant leadership style in order to achieve the goal of growth and transformation as per the national plan. In addition, it is recommended that other researchers make further studies to examine the impact of other leadership styles and factors other than leadership style that influences on public employees’ job satisfaction in the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/5772 10.20372/nadre:5772 oai:zenodo.org:5772 doi:10.20372/nadre:5771 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/dbu url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/zenodo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by IMPACTS OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON PUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYEES JOB SATISFACTION IN NORTH SHEWA ADMINISTRTIVE ZONE, AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:5768 2025-01-13T09:40:02Z user-dbu user-zenodo

GEBREWOLD TADIWOS 2018-05-01 The purpose of the research is to analyze the prospects and constraints in the implementation of human resources management practice in Amhara Region North Shao Zone civil service practice in public sectors. The research design adopted was descriptive. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative data collected through questionnaire, interview, and review of necessary documents. The populations of the study were 489, from these 144 samples submitted from each stratum of department working "Amhara Region North Shoa Zone Public Sector″. The researcher used both probability (lottery) and nonprobability (purposive) sampling techniques. The study used primary and secondary data sources. The researcher used stratified sampling techniques. The data analyzed and presented using percentages, frequency, mean, correlation and regression analysis using SPSS version 24. The findings of the study show that promoting positive workplace improves the attitudes of employees towards employee performance in the study area. It also identifies that some job descriptions include performance benchmarks in the study are related to employee performance, immediate actions would take against workers who have no capacity to perform activities, and government staffs were not committed to register achievements in the study area in relation to employee performance. The completing of performance appraisal also shows that the need to make the working environment more conducive. Likewise, in some sectors the uniform salary scales the country follows does not attract various professionals and hence not fully improve service delivery https://zenodo.org/record/5768 10.20372/nadre:5768 oai:zenodo.org:5768 doi:10.20372/nadre:5767 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/dbu url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/zenodo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by TO THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION OF DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:5776 2025-01-14T08:42:19Z user-dbu user-zenodo

Deje Asefa Watol 2019-06-01 The purpose of the study was to assess the credit risk management practices and financial performance of MFIs in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. This study was based on some conceptual aspects of different risk management practices adopted by micro financial institutions From 23 MFIs in Addis Ababa the researcher purposively selected 20 MFIs and distributes 120 questioners and collected 111 questioners. Descriptive statistics was useful for coming up with an understanding of the data and helped in organizing and summarizing of the data as well as to achieve the research objective. Three measures of descriptive analysis such as means, Median and standard deviation (SD) was used for the interpretation of the result for credit risk management practice of the selected MFIs. While inferential statistics Correlation and regression analysis was used in order to find the degree of relationship between variable and help in fulfilling the purpose of the study. The study findings indicate that credit risk management practices are significant in influencing financial performance of the selected MFIS. Therefore, while 86.8% of financial performance was contributed by the independent variable the rest 16.2 % of the financial performance ratio was explained by the other unstudied factors and random variations of the selected micro MFIs in Addis Ababa. The credit risk management practice as well as financial performance of sampled MFIs in Addis Ababa city is moderately good. Risk identification, risk assessment and analysis, risk monitoring and control, managing credit risk and client appraisals are factors that affect credit risk management practice of selected micro financial institutions in Addis Ababa city https://zenodo.org/record/5776 10.20372/nadre:5776 oai:zenodo.org:5776 doi:10.20372/nadre:5775 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/dbu url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/zenodo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Credit Risk Management Practice and Financial Performance of Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) in Addis Ababa City info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:5778 2025-01-14T08:44:25Z user-dbu user-zenodo

MULATU MEKONNEN 2019-06-01 Software-defined networking architectural framework eases the life of the network administrators by isolating the data plane from the control plane. This facilitates easy configuration of the network, provides a programmable interface for developing applications related to management, security, logging etc. and the centralized logical controller gives more control over the entire network, which has the total visibility of the network. These advantages of SDN also expose the network to the vulnerabilities and the impact of the attacks are much severe when compared to conventional networks, where the network devices in itself provided protection from the attacks and limits the scope of the attacks. In this paper, we explore various attacks that can be launched on SDN at different layers. We also evaluate some of the existing security methods in mitigating the attacks. We also explore a possible solution to prevent DDoS attacks using entropy. A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a DoS attack utilizing multiple distributed attack sources. Every network in the system has an entropy. Increase in randomness causes decrease in entropy. To mitigate this threat, this project proposes to use the central control of SDN for attack detection and introduces a solution that is effective and lightweight in terms of the resources that it uses. More precisely, this project shows how DDoS attacks can exhaust controller resources and provides a solution to detect such attacks based on the entropy variation of the destination IP address. Based on this value if it drops below threshold , we are blocking the specific port in the switch and bring the port down. This method is able to detect DDoS within the first five hundred packets of the attack traffic https://zenodo.org/record/5778 10.20372/nadre:5778 oai:zenodo.org:5778 doi:10.20372/nadre:5777 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/dbu url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/zenodo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Internet Protocol (IP)-Based Distributed Denial of Server (DDoS) Attack Detection and Mitigation for Software Defined Networking (SDN) Controller info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis