2026-05-04T18:20:57Z https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/oai2d

oai:zenodo.org:12400 2025-07-24T08:00:19Z user-20-25

NEGASA ,GENET 2023-10-24 The Oromia tourism had covered five thematic areas of the sector each with separate volume and detailed studies were conducted under each theme. https://zenodo.org/record/12400 10.20372/nadre:12400 oai:zenodo.org:12400 doi:10.20372/nadre:12399 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by DESIGNING DEEP LEARNING APPROACH BASED CHATBOTMODEL FOR CUSTOMER SERVICE OF OROMIA TOURISM info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:12434 2025-07-24T08:12:59Z user-20-25

LELISA TEREFA TESGERA 2023-02-23 Advisor: Shobor Gudeta (PhD) ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to analyze the challenges of loan repayment performance of MFIs in Horo Guduru Wallaga Zone, the total population was18607 the primary data were collected from 274 respondents by using random sampling techniques through structured questionnaires and the secondary data were obtained from Sinke Bank records and from different sources. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used in the study .For the data analysis, descriptive statistics were used to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the borrowers and multivariate regression analysis model was used to identify factors that affect the performance of microfinance institutions. From a total of 10 explanatory variables in the regression six explanatory variables were found to be statistically significant to influence the performance of microfinance Institutions. As the result of econometric showed that the Skill and experience of the staff positively affect the performance of microfinance and the age of clients, financial coverage and availability of service were negatively affecting the performance of microfinance. The study recommends that the institutional factors skills and experience of the staff highly and positively significant effects on the performance of the microfinance. Therefore; the institutions would recruit qualified and experienced staff. The economic factors financial coverage and availability of service negatively affect the performance of microfinance. The performances are also related to the availability of financial service and its coverage. If there were poor service and limited coverage of financial service the institutions, performance poor. Therefore; the institution would improve the financial service and as were also extend their financial coverage or margins to the community at large. Key wards: Clientele Factors, Economic Factors, Institutional Factors, Political Factors and Loan Repayment Performance. https://zenodo.org/record/12434 10.20372/nadre:12434 oai:zenodo.org:12434 doi:10.20372/nadre:12399 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by ANALYZING THE CHALLENGES OF LOAN REPAYMENT PERFORMANCE OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS: CASE OF SINKE BANK IN HORO GUDURU WOLLEGA ZONE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:12641 2025-07-25T08:34:44Z user-20-25

Getahun,Oljira Dilgasa 2021-10-15 Principal Advisor: Gadisa Olani (PhD) ABSTRACT A Thesaurus is a reference work that enlists words grouped together according to similarity of meaning (containing synonyms and sometimes antonyms). One of the major problems of modern information retrieval systems is the vocabulary problem that concerns with the discrepancies between terms used for describing documents and the terms used by the searcher to describe their information need which forms the information overload or information mismatch. One way of overcoming with the vocabulary problem is using a thesaurus that shows the relationships between terms and query expansion which provides us the alternative terms for query to improve the effectiveness of retrieval. Since the manual thesaurus construction is a labour-intensive task and hence also expensive to build and hard to update in timely manner, Afaan Oromo automatic thesaurus is implemented by using the Word Embedding. In this study, we propose Automatic Afaan Oromo thesaurus construction using word embedding. The proposed model includes different tasks. The first task is text pre-processing which consists of commonly used text pre-processing tasks in many natural language processing applications. We perform text pre-processing in Afaan Oromo text document and train the document using a word embedding gensim library (word2vec) in order to generate word embedding model. The embedding result provides a contextually similar word for every word in the training set. The trained word vector model captures different patterns. After training the data we take the trained model as input and discover different patterns that used to extract thesaurus relations like: synonym, and antonym. Conceptual synonym of a word is extracted based on cosine similarity and Pearson correlation. We also used the Word2Vec model based on the configuration of windows size and different vector dimensions. So, for this method we perform Correlation task based on given sample seed words (synonym pairs). A total of 1086133 words were collected and these collections is from different domains which covers different conceptual areas. Among these collected words 33836 vocabulary words were learned by the word2vec model. Our experimental measure using word2vec model and human judgment achieves 69.76% correlation. And We also evaluate using Spearman’s correlation, and achieve 82.85% correlation of the terms in the collection are registered to be similar as compare to human-rated similarities between words based on the configuration of windows size and different vector dimensions. https://zenodo.org/record/12641 10.20372/nadre:12641 oai:zenodo.org:12641 doi:10.20372/nadre:12640 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-odbl ATC AUTOMATIC THESAURUS CONSTRUCTION FROM AFAAN OROMO TEXT USING WORD EMBEDDING info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13126 2025-07-28T07:52:15Z user-20-25

GIDISA KUMANE OLFUDA 2022-12-13 ADVISOR: ELFENESH MULETA (PHD CANDIDATE) Small-scale irrigation is one of the most useful irrigation systems designed to increase production and productivity. However, smallholder farmers in the study area are not using small scale irrigation schemes. Therefore, the study was focused on assessing the determinants of small scale irrigation participation and its effect on household farm income in Bako Tibe woreda. The total population in the selected four Kebeles of the woreda was stratified in to two strata (irrigation user and non -user). Then two stage sampling was employed to select sample respondents. Results are based on types of data source primary and secondary and data collected from a survey of 323 randomly selected rural farm households. Descriptive statistics and Heckman two-stage estimation methods were employed. The result shows that access to market information, sex of the household head, access to extension service, labor force of households’ head, family size of the household head and distance from household’s residence home to the water source are significant at 1% level of significant, also Access to credit service and total livestock holding are significant at 5% the significant level the important determinants for small scale irrigation participation. The analysis further revealed that, access to market information, access to credit service, total livestock holding and distance of the household residence from the nearest market are significantly associated at 1% level of significant and sex of the household and family size of the household significantly associated at 5% level of significant also access to extension service and education household head significantly associated at 10% level of significant with as household total farm income. Generally improving access to market information, gender equality, and access to extension service and education of the household is better to enhance small scale irrigation practice which in turn improves households total farm income. Keywords: Small-scale Irrigation; Income; Rural Farm Households; Heckman two stage model;User;Non-user; https://zenodo.org/record/13126 10.20372/nadre:13126 oai:zenodo.org:13126 doi:10.20372/nadre:13125 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by DETERMINANTS OF SMALLHOLDER RURAL FARM HOUSE HOLDS PARTICIPATION IN SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION AND ITS EFFECT ON INCOME: THE CASEOF BAKO TIBE WOREDA, WEST SHOA ZONE, AND OROMIA, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13116 2025-07-28T07:57:25Z user-20-25

LEMA YADETA 2025-07-10 Advisor: Asnake Lealem (PhD) ABSTRACT Methylene blue are extremely harmful to the environment and could be harmful to humans, animals, and plants. As a result, remediation to efficiently remove these toxins from industrial effluents is important work. In context of this, the use of mixed metal oxide nanocomposites for photo-degradation of organic pollutants has emerged as a major research focus. In this study single nanoparticles of (CuO, ZnO, and NiO), binary nanocomposites of (ZnO/CuO, ZnO/NiO, and NiO/CuO) and different molar ratio combination of ZnO/NiO/CuO ternary nanocomposites were synthesized by green synthesis method using Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract. The optical, crystallinity, and functional group of synthesized nanomaterials were characterized using ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer techniques, respectively. The optical band gaps were calculated from the UV vis spectra of CuO, ZnO, NiO, ZnO/CuO, ZnO/NiO, NiO/CuO and ZnO/NiO/CuO. From the X RD diffraction pattern the average crystalline size of green synthesized nanomaterials were in the range of 11.77- 25.26 nm. The Zn-O, Ni-O and Cu-O, stretching vibration bands were observed in FT-IR analysis. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized nanomaterials under sun-light irradiation for the degradation of methylene blue was evaluated. The effect of various parameters such as pH of dye solution, dye concentration, contact time and catalyst dose were investigated for the degradation of methylene blue. The results revealed that the optimum photocatalytic degradation conditions of methylene blue were as follows: pH =11, illumination time = 30 min, catalyst dosage = 60 mg and concentration of methylene blue = 10 mg/L. Under these optimized conditions, the removal efficiency of different photocatalysts against methylene blue were follow the order as: - NiO (72.6%) < ZnO (76.34%) < CuO (79.28%) < ZnO/CuO (82.40%) < NiO/CuO (85.10%) < ZnO/NiO (87.04%) < 1:1:2 (89.23%) < 1:1:1 (92.33%) <2:1:1 (95.42%) < 1:2:1 (99.54) in 30 min. This study showed the better photo-catalytic efficiency of ZnO/NiO/CuO (1:2:1) ternary oxide synthesized with neem leaf extract. Keywords: Nanomaterials, metal oxides, photocatalytic activity, methylene blue and degradation. https://zenodo.org/record/13116 10.20372/nadre:13116 oai:zenodo.org:13116 doi:10.20372/nadre:13115 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by PHYTO-MEDIATED SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITIES OF SINGLE, BINARY AND TERNARY OXIDES OF (ZnO, NiO, & CuO) NANOCOMPOSITE USING AZADIRACHTA INDICA (NEEM) PLANT LEAF EXTACT. info:eu-repo/semantics/article publication-article

oai:zenodo.org:13134 2025-07-28T08:00:03Z user-20-25

BEDASA ADUGNA NEGASA 2022-12-13 Advisor: Asnake Lealem (PhD) Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops and beneficial for human body. Soil and water is one of nature's most important and valuable resources. Mechara irrigation farm land is under continuous cultivation by the addition of different agrochemicals and these chemicals might increase the level of heavy metals naturally occur in soil and vegetable. The current study was conducted for the assessment of the levels of heavy metals (Fe, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in onion, soil and water used for cultivation of onion at Mechara irrigation farm land in Sibu Sire district. The onion, soil and water samples was collected from sub-district in Mechara irrigation farm land and samples were digested by using wet digestion method and the levels of the above metals were determined using AAS. The reliability of the optimized procedure for this work was evaluated by the analysis of spiked samples. The results revealed that the mean concentration of metals in onion sample were; Cd (3.6±0.1), Pb (ND), Zn (20.5±0.721), Cr (0.966±0.152), Mn (16.86±0.450), Cu (7.93±0.862) and Fe (39.2±0.2) in mg/kg. Whereas the mean concentration of metal recorded in soil were; Cd (4.433±0.152), Pb (ND), Zn (15.726±1.273), Cr (23.5±0.2), Mn (82.1±0.1), Cu (47.266±1.527) and Fe (35575.6±6.2) in mg/kg. Similarly, the mean concentration of metals recorded in water sample were; Cd (0.118±0.102), Pb (ND), Zn (2.351±0.014), Cr (0.043±0.003), Mn (0.491±0.003), Cu (0.057±0.005) and Fe (0.00270.003) in mg/L. However, Pb is non-detected in onion, soil and water samples. The concentrations of metals in onion, soil and water samples were also compared with the recommendation limit of both WHO and FAO. It was found that Cd level exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by FAO/WHO for human consumption in onion sample. Similarly, the levels of Cd and Fe exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by WHO and FAO for soil and Cd, Zn and Mn exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by WHO and FAO for irrigation water. Whereas the accumulation of all metals in onion, soil and water samples were below the recommended limit of FAO/WHO. Based on facts obtained from this study, the author suggests the need to put mechanisms in place to reduce the contamination due to heavy metals. Key words: Heavy metals, onion, soil, irrigation water, Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) https://zenodo.org/record/13134 10.20372/nadre:13134 oai:zenodo.org:13134 doi:10.20372/nadre:13133 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN ONION, SOIL AND WATER OF CHINGI TOWN MECHARA IRRIGATED FARM LAND, SIBU SIRE DISTRICT, EAST WALLAGA ZONE, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13138 2025-07-28T08:04:18Z user-20-25

Desa Kebede Hordofa 2025-07-04 Major Advisor: Raji Feyisa (PhD) ABSTRACT Spring water is a major source of water for drinking and domestic use. The study was to assess selected physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals in kefalo spring water of Limu Genet town, Jimma zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Spring water samples were collected during two intervals of seasons (Dry and Wet Seasons). The levels of selected heavy metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn and Ni within the samples of kefalo spring water of Limu Genet town were determined by using FAAS. Data was analyzed using Origin 8 software and The Statistical differences were tested by using ANOVA. pH, To and EC were determined by using pH meter, thermometer, and conductivity meter. TA and Cl- by titration method, while TDS, COD and NO3-, was determined by TDS meter and Spectrophotometric method respectively. The mean average physico-chemical Parameters and the metals in water samples were listed as; pH(6.50±0.41 to 6.80±0.81log unit), To(22±1.05 to 22.06±0.97oC), EC (127.56 ± 0.79 to 166.99 ± 0.01µS), TA (79.75 ± 0.66 mg/L to 89.92 ± 0.42), Cl- (143.175 ± 0.275 to 174.84 ± 2.71 mg/L), TDS (133.67 ± 2.08 to 139.13 ± 0.99 mg/L), NO3-(0.025 ± 0.01 to 0.046 mg/L),COD (12.00 ± 4.00 to 13.33 ± 2.31 mg/L), Fe (0.279 ± 0.0011 to 0.332 ± 0.0007mg/L), Cu( 0.061±0.001mg/L to 0.062 ± 0.0001mg/L), Zn(0.182 ± 0.0005 to 0.350 ± 0.0080 mg/L), Cd (0.005 ± 0.001mg/L to 0.0051 ± 0.0011 mg/L), Mn (0.216 ± 0.001 to 0.301 ± 0.0015mg/L), Cr (0.062 ± 0.0001mg/L to 0.065 ± 0.0001mg/L.), Ni(0.13 ± 0.0012 to 0.18 ± 0.008mg/L ) and Pb was not detected. This study revealed that the Physico-chemical variables such as pH, To, EC, TA, Cl-, TDS, NO3-, COD, and from heavy metals, (Fe) were lie within the permissible limit recommended by WHO guide line values. The levels of concentration of (Cu, Zn and Pb) were fall below the standards, while concentration of (Cd, Mn, Cr and Ni) was fall above maximum allowable limit recommended by WHO and USEPA guide line values. Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, Heavy metals, Kefalo spring water, FAA https://zenodo.org/record/13138 10.20372/nadre:13138 oai:zenodo.org:13138 doi:10.20372/nadre:13137 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND HEAVY METALS IN KEFALO SPRING WATER OF LIMMU GENET TOWN, JIMMA ZONE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/article publication-article

oai:zenodo.org:13148 2025-07-28T08:09:02Z user-20-25

Gutema Fufa 2025-07-28 Advisor: Dr. Geremew Lemessa Geophysical investigation methods of vertical electrical sounding (VES) and magnetic Method were used to investigate groundwater potential zones at Bishan Gonfa(Andode) area, East Wollega Zone, Oromia state, Ethiopia. The main objective of this study is to determine the depth of ground water table and to delineate potential area for drilling. The Schlumberger configuration was used for the data acquisition and the data acquired from twenty (20) VES points along five profiles by using the electrical resistivity meter (syscal junior) instrument. The magnetic data were also acquired in the same direction along five profiles and 150 data points were collected by using Scintrex proton precession magnetometer device. The qualitative interpretation of the VES data were performed by preparing apparent resistivity plots and pseudo depth section plots for five profile lines. The quantitative interpretation of VES data made through inversion of the individual VES using IPI2Win and IPI-res3.exe and preparing geo-electric sections by surfer 10 along the survey line and the magnetic anomaly maps were processed by Oasis montaj V6.4.2. The geo-electric sections show that the area has four geo-electric layers. Those are associated with top dry soil, different colors clay, gravel, fractured basalt (Meta basalt), fractured gneiss and massive gneiss. The main geologic units that are likely to bear groundwater (based on the degree of fracturing and weathering) are basalt and which shows the result of geophysical survey is good correlation with the bore hole logging results. So profile -1 and 2 were the potential area for groundwater exploration for this thesis. Keywords: aquifer, groundwater, pseudo section, geo-electric section, magnetic anomaly https://zenodo.org/record/13148 10.20372/nadre:13148 oai:zenodo.org:13148 doi:10.20372/nadre:13147 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY AND MAGNETIC METHODS; A CASE, OF BISHAN GONFA CATCHMENT, GIDA AYANA DISTRICT, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13278 2025-07-28T11:05:33Z user-20-25

Ayele Tulu Yadete 2021-07-28 Advisor: Wubshet Ibrahim (PhD, Assoc. Professor) In this dissertation work the boundary layer flow of nanofluids past geometrical shapes such as wage, cylinder, disc, and cone embedded in porous media were studied. The physical problems of fluids flow are governed by highly nonlinear partial differen tial equations. Using suitable similarity transformations, the governing equations of flow were transformed into nonlinear higher order ordinary differential equations. Then, the computational solutions were obtained using recently developed numerical methods namely, Spectral quasilinearization method (SQLM) and Spectral relaxation method (SRM). The results of the study were compiled in the form of published pa pers on six different problems of incompressible fluid flow. In the study, nanopar ticles of Ag,CNTs,Al2O3,&Fe3O4 were also employed with water, ethylene glycol and Engine oil as the base fluids. Effects of embedded parameters such as magnetic f ield, viscous dissipation, nanoparticle volume fraction, Non-Newtonian fluid param eter, thermal radiation, pressure gradient, velocity and thermal slip effects, Cattaneo Christove heat flux Model, variable viscosity and thermal conductivity, and convec tive boundary condition on velocity, temperature and concentration distributions as well as skin friction coefficient, local heat and mass transfer rates were examined. The computational results were presented via embedded parameters with graphs and tables. The results revealed that the skin friction coefficient was improved while the local heat transfer rate was reduced with higher values of nanoparticle volume fraction, unsteadiness, viscous dissipation, Non-Newtonian Casson fluid, pressure gra dient, permeability, magnetic field, temperature and dependent viscosity parameters. Also, higher skin friction coefficient and lower local heat transfer rate were reported in the hybrid nanofluids than mono nanofluids. In addition, hybrid nanofluids show bet ter flow distributions with good stability of thermal properties than mono nanofluids. Thus, the obtained results are promising for the application of hybrid nanofluids in the nanotechnology sectors. Moreover, the accuracy of the solutions was checked against the previously published results and an excellent agreement were obtained. Finally, following the obtained results, conclusions and recommendations were indicated. Keywords: Boundary layer flow, Carbon nanotubes, Hybrid nanofluids, Porous media, Skin friction coefficient, Spectral collocation method https://zenodo.org/record/13278 10.20372/nadre:13278 oai:zenodo.org:13278 doi:10.20372/nadre:13277 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Boundary Layer Flow of Nanofluids past Some Geometrical Shapes Embedded in Porous Media info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13313 2025-07-28T11:27:53Z user-20-25

Shiferaw Gadisa Kuma 2021-06-22 Advisor: Dr. Menberu Mengesha (Assoc. Prof.) Perovskite materials possess a broad range of novel and useful properties. This has lead to perovskites being used in a broad range of applications, with considerable ongoing research. The aim of this dissertation was to reduce the consumption of toxic Pb2+ atom in ferroelectric materials and eventually to guide the search for a new ferroelectric materials. This was done by analyzing the structural, electronic, elastic, spontaneous polarization (SP) and optical properties of ATiO3 (A=Sn, Pb, Ge), Pb0.5Sn0.5TiO3 and Pb0.5Sn0.5Ti0.5(Zr0.5)O3 in tetragonal (P4mm) phase, by first principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) using PW-PP scheme in the frame of PBE-GGA. We have evaluated the ground state quantities such as equilibrium lattice parameters, volume, bulk modulus and its pressure deriva tive. From elastic constants, mechanical parameters such as anisotropy factor, elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio are obtained by Voigt-Reuss-Hill average approximation. Rather than their averages the directional dependence of elastic modulus, and Pois son’s ratio are modeled and visualized in the light of the elastic properties of systems. In addition, some novel results, such as Debye temperatures, and sound velocities are obtained. Also, we have presented the results of the electronic band structure, densi ties of states and charge densities. These results were in favorable agreement with the existing theoretical and experimental data. The optical dielectric function and energy loss spectrum of ferroelectric materials were also computed. Born effective charge (BEC) of each atoms for all systems are computed from density functional perturba tion theory (DFPT). The calculated BEC of ferroelectric compounds atoms are larger than the nominal ionic charge, which are in agreement with literature results. The large values of Born effective dynamical charge show the importance of the ions as the driving force of the ferroelectric distortion. The spontaneous polarization are also determined from modern theory of polarization namely the Berry phase approach. The computed spontaneous polarization shows high ferroelectric behavior compared to the prototypical ferroelectric perovskites and they can be a good candidate for applications of ferroelectric materials. Keywords: DFT, electronic, elastic, BEC, spontaneous polarization and optical properties. https://zenodo.org/record/13313 10.20372/nadre:13313 oai:zenodo.org:13313 doi:10.20372/nadre:13312 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Structural, Elastic, Electronic and Optical properties of ferroelectric ATiO3 (A=Sn, Pb, Ge), Pb0.5Sn0.5TiO3 and Pb0.5Sn0.5Ti0.5(Zr0.5)O3 perovskites info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13305 2025-07-28T11:19:42Z user-20-25

Mekonnen Negera 2021-07-25 Supervisor: Wubshet Ibrahim (PhD, Associate Prof.) This dissertation presents the boundary layer flow analysis of non-Newtonian nanofluid past stretching/shrinking surfaces. In this dissertation heat transfer and mass transfer of MHD flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids over different shaped bodies with different governing parameters considered. The governing partial differential equations with boundary conditions were transformed into set of high order ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and were solved numerically using implicit finite difference methods known as Keller box methods and Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique with Matlab software 2013a. In this dissertation viscous dissipation, melting heat transfer, variable thermal radiation, chemical reaction, suction/injection, activation energy and MHD effects included in the analysis. Moreover, the effects of magnetic parameter, Prandtl number, Biot-number, Eckert number, Lewis number, Schmidt number, porosity parameter, temperature buoyancy parameter, concentration buoyancy parameter on velocity, temperature and concentration profile are presented graphically. The effects of suction/injection parameter, Deborah number, velocity slip parameter, unsteadiness parameter, Williamson parameter, curvature parameter, activation energy and porosity parameter on skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are tabulated and discussed. From the results it can be seen that when the magnetic field is intensified, it reduces velocity profiles, but it increases concentration and temperature profiles. Moreover, when Deborah number increased the velocity profile reduced whereas the temperature profile increased. The numerical solution also noticed that dimensionless melting parameter affects highly the velocity boundary layer of Williamson nanofluid when compared with upper-convected Maxwell nanofliud. Furthermore, with an increase in Williamson parameter the velocity profiles decreased whereas temperature and concentration profiles increased. Still further, from the result it can be seen that local Sherwood numbers and skin friction coefficient increased whereas local Nusselt reduced for the higher values of variable thermal conductivity parameter. Key words: Non-Newtonian Fluids, Nanofluid, slip effects, Newtonian heating, stagnation point flow, Melting heat transfer, activation energy, Keller box, Runge-Kutta. https://zenodo.org/record/13305 10.20372/nadre:13305 oai:zenodo.org:13305 doi:10.20372/nadre:13304 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW ANALYSIS OF NON-NEWTONIAN NANOFLUID PAST STRETCHING/ SHRINKING SURFACE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13301 2025-07-28T11:15:08Z user-20-25

Mekonnen Negera 2021-07-28 Supervisor: Wubshet Ibrahim (PhD, Associate Prof.) This dissertation presents the boundary layer flow analysis of non-Newtonian nanofluid past stretching/shrinking surfaces. In this dissertation heat transfer and mass transfer of MHD flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids over different shaped bodies with different governing parameters considered. The governing partial differential equations with boundary conditions were transformed into set of high order ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and were solved numerically using implicit finite difference methods known as Keller box methods and Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique with Matlab software 2013a. In this dissertation viscous dissipation, melting heat transfer, variable thermal radiation, chemical reaction, suction/injection, activation energy and MHD effects included in the analysis. Moreover, the effects of magnetic parameter, Prandtl number, Biot-number, Eckert number, Lewis number, Schmidt number, porosity parameter, temperature buoyancy parameter, concentration buoyancy parameter on velocity, temperature and concentration profile are presented graphically. The effects of suction/injection parameter, Deborah number, velocity slip parameter, unsteadiness parameter, Williamson parameter, curvature parameter, activation energy and porosity parameter on skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are tabulated and discussed. From the results it can be seen that when the magnetic field is intensified, it reduces velocity profiles, but it increases concentration and temperature profiles. Moreover, when Deborah number increased the velocity profile reduced whereas the temperature profile increased. The numerical solution also noticed that dimensionless melting parameter affects highly the velocity boundary layer of Williamson nanofluid when compared with upper-convected Maxwell nanofliud. Furthermore, with an increase in Williamson parameter the velocity profiles decreased whereas temperature and concentration profiles increased. Still further, from the result it can be seen that local Sherwood numbers and skin friction coefficient increased whereas local Nusselt reduced for the higher values of variable thermal conductivity parameter. Key words: Non-Newtonian Fluids, Nanofluid, slip effects, Newtonian heating, stagnation point flow, Melting heat transfer, activation energy, Keller box, Runge-Kutta. https://zenodo.org/record/13301 10.20372/nadre:13301 oai:zenodo.org:13301 doi:10.20372/nadre:13300 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW ANALYSIS OF NON-NEWTONIAN NANOFLUID PAST STRETCHING/ SHRINKING SURFACE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13311 2025-07-28T11:35:29Z user-20-25

ABDETA TEMESGEN 2024-01-17 ADVISOR: - KEBEDE LEGESSE (PHD) Ferroelectrics material refers to the electrical properties of certain materials that have a spontaneous electric polarization. All ferroelectric are pyroelectric, with the additional property that their natural electrical polarization is reversible. Ferroelectrics, another subtype of piezoelectric crystals, exhibit spontaneous polarization, meaning that even after an applied voltage is removed, they continue to exhibit a dipole.This study was to investigate the structural and ferroelectric properties of 0.75PbNb2O6-0.25Mg0.6TiO3 .Lead-niobate-magnesium-titanate ceramics were prepared by solid-state reaction method to demonstrate its structure. The precursors materials selected in this study werePbO,Nb2O5MgO, and TiO2The high purity oxides such as MgO, PbO, Nb2O5, TiO2, and also polyvinyl alcohol powder (C2H4O)n and acetone (C3H6O2) were used as starting materials in stoichiometric proportion. The following apparatuses were also used: dish, spatula, pelletizing die, agate mortar and pestle, Analytical digital balance, Density meter of Archimedes, Crucibles with leads, distilled water, Magnetic stirrer. The x-ray diffraction patterns reported that the crystal structure of 0.75PbNb2O6- 0.25MgTiO3(PN-MT) was rhombohedra structure. Also, the remnant polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) of the ceramic samples were increased as the applied voltage was increased. Combined analysis of ferroelectric properties, hysteresis loops, and structural provide important information that the 0.75PN-0.25MT ceramics are expected to be good ferroelectric property. Key Words: Ferroelectric property ,lead-niobate, Magnesium-titanate ,Solid state reaction https://zenodo.org/record/13311 10.20372/nadre:13311 oai:zenodo.org:13311 doi:10.20372/nadre:13310 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by INVESTIGATION AND FERROELECTRIC PROPERTY STUDY OF 0.75PbNb2O6.25Mg0.6TiO3 ELECTRO CERAMIC NANO POWDER info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13319 2025-07-28T11:41:21Z user-20-25

Darara Fekadu Benti 2025-07-27 Advisor: Megersa Tesfaye (PHD) Water scarcity in developing countries is a huge problem which impacts on socio-economic development. That the limited availability of clean water in these nations hinders their social and economic progress. Access to safe water is essential for various aspects of life, from health and sanitation to agriculture and industry. When communities lack reliable water sources, it can lead to health problems, food insecurity, reduced productivity, and overall hindered economic growth. Nekemte Town faces significant challenges in water management, characterized by interrelated issues such as inadequate supply, inefficiencies in water use, water loss, and unequal access across socioeconomic classes contribute to water scarcity and socio-economic disparities. The main objective of this research was to assess and quantify the losses in the water supply system of Nekemte Town. This study focuses on calculating the total water loss in the distribution network using AWWA water audit software V5.0 and domestic water supply coverage using Mathematical analysis. Primary data were collected both from field and the town water supply service through direct observations, informal interviews, questionnaire and discussions with the concerned bodies and Secondary data of the study would be collected concerning its relevant from review of documents, books, earlier research, government publication, website, regional, zonal and district water offices. Water audit software was also used to analyze the components of water loss and the efficiency of the system was evaluated using various performance indicators. Factors influencing water supply sustainability in Nekemte water supply system is population growth, data handling errors, leakage, material and age of pipes, illegal connections and the effect of temperature. From the result of the analysis, it was identified that the average daily per capita water consumption of the town (2023) is 66.94 liter per person per day and the average domestic water production of the town is found to be 79.46 liter per capita per day. Nearly 15.85 % of the total water production is lost at different level of distribution system before reaching the town’s consumer. The current water demand is 8,854.31 Cubic meter per day and at end design period of 2040 years, average day demand including water loss would be 28,912.59 Cubic meter per day. Generally, to handle these problems by planning long and short-term strategies and apply all procedures to implementing water supply sustainability. Key words: Water Losses, AWWA water audit software, factors influencing water supply sustainability https://zenodo.org/record/13319 10.13.8.73/wire oai:zenodo.org:13319 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by URBAN WATER SUPPLY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT AND FACTORS INFLUENCING WATER SUPPLY SUSTAINABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF NEKEMTE TOWN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13347 2025-07-28T11:50:56Z user-20-25

Melaku Ensermu Chaka 2020-07-06 Main advisor: Tamene Kitila (PhD) Co-advisor: Sherif Ali (PhD) The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence teacher and peer mediation exerts on students’ self-efficacy belief about reading and their reading skill development. The study also examined the mediators’ practices of mediated teaching, the mediatees’ practices of learning reading English through mediation and the students’ perceived value of peer mediation in their learning reading in light of social interactionism theory, social constractivism philosophy and pragmatism paradigm by using quasi-experimental none- equivalent control group design and the mixed method approach. A total of 107 participants consisting of 51 control group students, 54 experimental (including 7 peer mediators) group students and 2 EFL teachers of the two randomly assigned intact classes in Wombera General Secondary and Preparatory School, grade 11were used in the study. The study used quantitative and qualitative method for data collection. The quantitative data were collected using questionnaire and pre-post reading tests while classroom and interview data were collected through qualitative method. The gathered data were categorized into major themes and subthemes for analysis. Independent and paired sample t-tests at the cut-off of 0.05 alpha levels and correlation coefficient were used to analyze the required attribute of the quantitative data for each target issue. Summated mean, grand mean and aggregated mean were used to describe the quantitative results. Effect size was also used to measure the magnitude of the intervention effect. The results of the qualitative data in the study were narrated. The pre-test and pre-questionnaire data analysis showed that the comparison and the treatment groups were homogenous, and met the equal variance assumption at P >.05 level. This result was confirmed by the pre-intervention interview and classroom observation results. A statistically significant difference between the two groups on both post questionnaire and posttest was found at P < .05. This indicates that the treatment group achieved a significant cognitive change in reading skill after the intervention. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between the students’ self-efficacy belief and their reading skill was also noted in the finding of the study. Situational mediation category was the major predictor for change to come. The findings of the qualitative data confirmed the quantitative findings. This study concluded that teacher and peer mediation had significantly changed students’ perceived self-efficacy belief about reading from negative to positive, and raised their reading skill from lower to higher order level. The significant improvement of the treatment group students’ in building their positive self-efficacy belief about reading and in their reading skill development proved the effectiveness of the intervention. It was recommended that the conventional way of teaching reading should be replaced by teaching reading through mediation. Policy makers and curriculum developers need to include about (peer) mediation into curriculum and pre-service teachers’ training course. There need to give English teachers frequent on job training on mediation. https://zenodo.org/record/13347 10.20372/nadre:13347 oai:zenodo.org:13347 doi:10.20372/nadre:13346 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECTS OF TEACHER AND PEER MEDIATION ON STUDENTS' SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS ABOUT READING AND THEIR READING SKILL DEVELOPMENT info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13327 2025-07-28T11:46:39Z user-20-25

Abebaw Anteneh 2019-10-03 Advisor: Fikadu Tamiru (PhD) Geologically favorable the occurrence of gold has been known in the western green stone belts of Ethiopia that comprises areas in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State. Gold has mainly been extracted from placer deposits and to a lesser extent from primary free gold mineralization. The main objective of this research was to investigate possible gold mineralization using induced polarization, Electrical Resistivity tomography, magnetic and radiometric survey in Egambo area. Electrical Induced polarization, magnetic and radiometric surveys were carried out long twenty-one parallel profile lines. Four parallel profiles survey in a dipole-dipole array, orthogonal to the orientation of the gold lode were carried out in the area. The results of the study showed high chargeability (greater than 36.3mv/v) corresponding to high resistivity (greater than 635Ω.m) disseminated sulphids and intensive silicification. 2D inversion model were interpolated in sliced stacked visualization and the results allowed definition of the contour surfaces for the physical parameters measured and morphological pattern modeling of the mineralization were characterized by medium to high IP response related to quartz veins hosting sulphid mineralization that link to hydrothermally altered zones. From the upward continued magnetic anomaly map at 51m and 68m elevation, SE and the central eastern portion of the grid showed low magnetic signatures corresponding to possible gold occurrence zone. The NNE-SSW and WNW-ESE trending lineaments are indicated on the analytical signal, first vertical derivative and tilt derivative maps. It revealed high contact zones at shallow depth. Lineaments are likely fractures that conducted hydrothermal fluids from basic intrusive into migmatites. The quartz veins are hosted mainly in migmatites and were closely associated with gold mineralization. High radiometric element patterns (greater than 8.3ppm) which associated with low magnetic susceptible (less than 35597.45nT) on the map due to rock alteration or possible mineral deposits are delineated as potential targets for ore deposits. The magnetic anomalies observed on the southern profile maps 700S and 900S were significant of 34m depth continuation, which can be attributed to host mineralized zones rather than 200N and 500N profile maps. Consequently, a total of two boreholes were proposed at those profiles for drilling from the interperated results. Keywords: Chargeability, Gold mineralization, hydrothermally altered zones IP/Resistivity method, Magnetic method, Radiometric method https://zenodo.org/record/13327 10.20372/nadre:13327 oai:zenodo.org:13327 doi:10.20372/nadre:13326 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by GOLD EXPLORATION USING INDUCED POLARIZATION, ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY, MAGNETIC AND RADIOMETERIC METHODS, IN EGAMBO AREA, NORTHWESTRN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13333 2025-07-28T11:44:40Z user-20-25

Temesgen Guyasa Bayan 2021-07-22 Dr. Tamiru Olana (Asso. Prof), and Dr. Rufael Disasa (Assi. Prof) Although there was teachers" professional development program in the initially observed primary schools, it could not improve the EFL teachers" teaching practices and students" language proficiency at the schools. So, this descriptive case study focused on four government primary schools of EFL teachers" beliefs, practices, and challenges of PD at Shambu Town to describe the teachers" beliefs about TPD, their TPD practices, the magnitude the TPD practices of the teachers reflected their beliefs, and the most common challenges the participants faced during their PD. For this purpose, using maximum variation sampling strategy, the researcher purposely selected eight EFL teachers of the primary schools of the town and gathered qualitative data from the participants. Data which were collected through interviews, classroom and out of class observations, and diary writings were recorded, organized, transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed based on the basic research questions. In doing so, topics were identified to display their implications. The findings of the study showed that although the teachers had positive beliefs about TPD in general, their practical work of PD did not fit with the beliefs. They had positive belief for the theory of TPD but had negative belief for the practical work of the program and acted accordingly in the context of their PD. In addition, the findings revealed that being influenced by lack of support and attention from the District Education Office, surrounding community and school leaders, the sampled EFL teachers developed negative beliefs about practical procedure of site-based model of TPD practices and only used standardized and self-directed models of TPD practices in the context of their PD. This shows that the TPD practices of the participants entirely reflected their newly emerged beliefs about the practical work of TPD. Moreover, the findings indicated that the EFL TPD was mainly challenged by the less attention that the District Education Office, surrounding community and school leaders had for the teaching profession as well as TPD. The main reason for this was that they did not positively approach for the teaching profession in general that resulted to discourage teachers from accomplishing their professional responsibility concerning the program. Based on the findings, it was concluded that unless the mentioned stakeholders of education give serious attention for the practical work of TPD and collaboratively work on the program based on site-based model of TPD, TPD of the schools cannot be effective in improving teachers" teaching practices and students" language proficiency. Therefore, the researcher suggests that it is essential to have positive belief and give serious attention for the teaching profession and site-based model of TPD practices at the side of the stakeholders of education by accomplishing their responsibilities that they have regarding the teaching profession in general. https://zenodo.org/record/13333 10.20372/nadre:13333 oai:zenodo.org:13333 doi:10.20372/nadre:13332 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFL Teachers" Beliefs, Practices and Challenges of Professional Development at Primary Schools info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13363 2025-07-28T12:02:10Z user-20-25

Abdi Olani 2021-03-19 Advisor: Lucy Feleke (Ph.D.) Construction industry is an industry, which is involved in the planning, execution and evaluation of all types of civil works. Construction industry has complexity in its nature because it contains large number of parties as clients, contractors, consultants and others. In Ethiopia the number of building projects is increasing from time to time. However, it has become difficult to complete projects in the allocated cost, time and quality. The main objectives of the study are focused on identification of the key problems of construction management in the building construction of western Oromia zones and provide the possible alternative solutions for the investigated problems. The study identifies different construction management problems on building projects; the study used the appropriate statistical analysis tools to analyses the questionnaires survey (close ended and open ended) responses from the selected sample of contractors, consultants and the client itself to cover all the basic research questions which were useful in fulfilling the research questions. Questionnaire, interview, and survey study provide the primary data for this thesis while the secondary data sources include journals, internet sources, as well as reviewing related archival documents, correspondences and other related documents. Western Oromia is the location of this study and this research is carried out on public building construction projects in Western Oromia, which are ongoing in the last five years up to now. This study is conducted from May 2020– February 2021, in Ethiopia, western Oromia regional state. The findings of research indicated that on the contractors, consultants and client the identified building construction management problems were using of low-quality materials, no well detailed planning or scheduling of the projects, delay in payment from owner to contractor, poor communications among stakeholders, poor management of the projects on time supervision problems, and others. Generally Problems with industry infrastructure, such as the supply of materials, lack of training and inadequate communications, Project problems, including changes in instructions and designs, inaccurate information and problems concerning clients and consultants and Problems created by the team members Key words: Problems, Construction management, and Management problems. https://zenodo.org/record/13363 10.20372/nadre:13363 oai:zenodo.org:13363 doi:10.20372/nadre:13362 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ASSESMENT OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS ON SELECTED PUBLIC BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN WESTERN OROMIA ZONES, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13343 2025-07-28T11:58:17Z user-20-25

FEXENE MERGA 2024-07-28 Advisor: Professor Radha Krishna Project procurement management, an essential part of project delivery, is in charge of making purchases and overseeing goods and services in order to achieve project objectives. It involves a variety of duties include figuring out what needs to be purchased, asking for bids, selecting suppliers, handling contracts, overseeing delivery, examining expenses, and filing reports. The main objective of this study is to assess project procurement management procedures within the framework of Ethiopian Airlines, which is situated in Uke Town. The study was conducted using a descriptive research technique with 45 participants. A questionnaire survey was used to collect information from respondents, including project managers, supervisors, and other pertinent employees. The study employed purposive sampling to choose individuals who have adequate competence and held relevant roles in the projects. The findings show that 24.4% objected and 31.1% agreed with procurement management. According to the model summary, the coefficient of determination is represented by R-square (R2=0.724), while the degree of relationship and strength in the correlation between project management and other independent variables is shown by R=0.762. This suggests that the independent factors accounted for 72% of the variance in project management, with the remaining 25.8% being determined. The study recommends that proper risk identification should be practiced throughout the project life cycle. Keywords: Project Management, Project Procurement, Management Practices. https://zenodo.org/record/13343 10.20372/nadre:13343 oai:zenodo.org:13343 doi:10.20372/nadre:13342 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: THE CASE OF ETHIOPIAN AIRLINES LOCATED IN UKE TOWN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13365 2025-07-28T12:01:54Z user-20-25

AMARE TIRUNEH MENGISTU 2019-10-01 MAJOR ADVISOR: GOSA GADISA (PhD CANDIDATE) The model of fluid flow around airfoil is a complex task, often involving non-symmetrical geometry. The complex variable technique of conformal mapping is a useful intermediate steps that allow for complicated airfoil flow problem to be solved as a problem with simpler geometry. We applied conformal mapping techniques to model the fluid flow around the NACA 0012 airfoil by using the joukowsky transformation to link the flow solution for a cylinder to that of airfoil. Lifting calculation as a function of angle of attack for each airfoil was obtained using the transformation and fundamental theories of aerodynamics. Lift calculation for the NACA 0012 airfoil match with expected results. Keywords: Joukowsky airfoil; lift coefficient  CL , drag coefficient( ) CD , Aerodynamics, Circulation () https://zenodo.org/record/13365 10.20372/nadre:13365 oai:zenodo.org:13365 doi:10.20372/nadre:13364 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by CONFORMAL MAPPING IN MODELLING OF FLUID FLOW AROUND AIRFOIL AND WING AERODYNAMICS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13307 2025-07-28T12:06:22Z user-20-25

Wabi Ephrem 2023-11-24 Major Advisor: Dr. Mohamadzen Hasan (PhD) The Oromia region's socioeconomic development is significantly influenced by its road network. However, complicated performance challenges including cost, schedule and quality plague many construction projects. The aim of this study was to assess the factors affecting the performance of asphalt road constructions in West Oromia. In order to determine the actual factors affecting the performance of asphalt road construction projects in West Oromia, relevant literature was reviewed. Five factor groups were created out of a total of 37 performance factors. Data were gathered using questionnaires from 62 purposefully chosen respondents who worked for contractors, consulting companies, and clients of asphalt road construction implementers in the western Oromia Region. The study used a descriptive research approach. Data were coded and entered into statistical packages for social scientists (SPSS) version 25 and excel. The data were analyzed descriptively using multiple linear regression analysis to establish the relationship between predictor variables and response variables and also relative importance index (RII) was used to rank the identified factors. The study concluded that time related factors as the most important factor from the main factors and the ten most significant sub factors such as; Political Instability , The geographical location of the projects; Fluctuation of material price; Financial difficulties faced by the owner; High cost of the material and equipment, Cash flow and financial difficulties faced by contactors; The Right-off way problem or site preparation time; The average delay in payment from owner to contractors, The planned time for project implementation and Slowness in decision making of owner and consultants were factors significantly affect the performance of construction of asphalt road projects in west Oromia. The research study also recommended among others; the state government should place a high priority on security concerns that are frequently reported and cause project interruptions, to enhance project performance, clients with consultants should suggest an appropriate site or right-of-way, setting aside finances for the project before commencement, the owners and contractors must pre-estimate the cost of supplies taking inflation into account, right of way issues and site preparation delays that impair project performance should be addressed by the local government body in collaboration with the road authority for proper performance of asphalt road construction projects. Key words: Cost, Asphalt Road, Management, Performance, Time, Labor, material, equipment and environment. https://zenodo.org/record/13307 10.20372/nadre:13307 oai:zenodo.org:13307 doi:10.20372/nadre:13306 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by IASSESSMENT OF FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION OF ASPHALT ROAD PROJECTS IN WEST OROMIAnfrastructure Accessibility for Disabilities in Nekemete City: A Case of Wallaga University info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13382 2025-07-28T12:08:39Z user-20-25

ARARSO GANGUL 2021-09-26 ADVISOR: Dr. SAMPANDAM ELANGOVAN LGO ceramic material is a composite ceramic material formed from lithium carbonate and germanium oxide. The ceramic word is derived from the Greek word “keramos” which means “burnt stuff” but which has come to mean more specifically as material produced by burning or firing.SinceLGO is a ceramic material it is formed by the czochralski method which involves burning powder Li2C03 and Ge02in the furnace. The czochralski technique involves is pulling the crystal from the melt. The technique is based on a liquid-solid phase transition driven by a seed crystal in contact with the melt. The study of piezo-optic dispersion of LGO (un-irradiated and irradiated) in the visible region of the spectrum of light at room temperature (RT=298 K) shows an optical zone/window between 5400Å and 6200Å with an enhanced piezo-optical behavior (Bainet al., 2008). Single crystals of Li2Ge7O15 are grown in an ambient atmosphere by Czochralski method from the stoichiometric melt, employing a resistance heated furnace. A stoichiometric mixture of powdered Li2CO3 and GeO2 in the ratio of 1.03 and 7.0 respectively was heated at 1100 K for 24 hours to complete the solid-state reaction for the raw material for the crystal growth Electric conductivity in AC field was studied during crystallization of Li2O–7GeO2 glass on heating. It was shown that the amorphous phase crystallized in stages through the formation of the intermediate state with increased, as compared with glass and polycrystalline states. According to AFM data, the intermediate state was characterized by the appearance of nanometer-size ordered regions. On subsequent heating nanometersized nuclei transformed into micrometer-sized crystallites, complete crystallization was accompanied by a sharp decrease of electric conductivity. The dielectric constant at the frequency of 1MHZ at the constant electric field at Tc decreases with the increase of the constant electric field during the cooling and heating sample. In this review, it is observed that many LGO properties have been studied by different researchers. But impedance and piezo-optic properties are not studied widely. So I recommend it is better if future research focuses on these properties. https://zenodo.org/record/13382 10.20372/nadre:13382 oai:zenodo.org:13382 doi:10.20372/nadre:13381 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by REVIEW ON RECENT PROGRESS IN Li2Ge7O15 (LGO) CERAMIC MATERIALS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13392 2025-07-28T12:12:12Z user-20-25

Rahel Abraham 2021-07-05 Major Advisor : Alemu Mosisa (Assistant Professor) Quality in construction projects is not only the quality of product and equipment used in the construction of a facility but the total management approach to complete the facility. Quality management is the act of overseeing all activities and tasks that must be accomplished to maintain a desired level of excellence. This includes the determination of a quality policy, creating and implementing quality planning and assurance, and quality control and quality improvement. The main objective of the study was to assess the quality management practice in building construction of Nekemte town. The descriptive statistical method was used in this research for the analysis of the data which provides general overviews and details kind of interpretations and discussions was made on the results. Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to analyze the data collected through questionnaire survey In each of the companies, factors affecting quality management practice was assessed and lack of effective quality implementation was the main factors, Assessments were based on 32 respondents’ point of view from total population of 50 This research is carried out by randomly selecting public building construction projects in Nekemte town which are completed and ongoing. The research finding indicated that most respondents were familiar with the concepts of quality and quality management but its application was relatively low. Additionally, implementing a comprehensive quality control mechanism starting from the planning phase and continuing into the end of the project implementation phases is the most important measure to improve quality management of building construction and also regular and periodical construction supervision and inspection were the most important measure to improve Therefore, it may be concluded that, undertaking complete quality management process by developing quality management policy at organizational level helps to improve the quality management related problems listed and working on the factors that affect the quality of projects Keywords – Building construction project, quality management practice https://zenodo.org/record/13392 10.20372/nadre:13392 oai:zenodo.org:13392 doi:10.20372/nadre:13391 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECT OF NEKEMTE TOWN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13410 2025-07-28T12:21:22Z user-20-25

Kidist kefyalew 2021-02-04 Main- Advisor: Dr. Lucy Feleke Construction industries are counted as a vast industry from the world. This industry needs effective evaluation techniques and controlling mechanisms for the successful completion of it. The completion must pass good quality construction; safe cost controlling mechanisms and others evaluated criteria’s. Since the industries are greatly vast, it needs careful evaluation and monitoring techniques. The aim of this study is to evaluate construction contract management practice and its benefit for the successful completion of building project in modjo town and for identify the factors that affect the best practice of construction contract management, plus for the investigation of impact of deprived construction contract management practice on building project in modjo town. From the known term, contract management is understood as comprising the negotiation of the terms and conditions of contracts, it ensuring compliance, documenting and agreeing to any changes that may arise during contract implementation. The study therefore required to evaluation of the practice of contract management of building construction in modjo town because of contract can play a great roll for the helpful completion of the works especially for construction work. The study has structured questionnaires and unstructured interviews were used as the main data collection instruments. Consequently, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software is used for analyzing the data and the data are presented using charts and tables. SPSS are the main tool used to analyze the observation gathered and interpretation done using relative frequencies and descriptive statistics respectively. The implication of the study is that effective contract management improves operational performance of construction industry in modjo. The study results showed that some of construction industries use designated contract managers for the management of their contracts and the challenges in contract management were identified like, lack of records management systems, lack of project claim management systems, lack of cooperation, corruption and conflict regarding payment. The study also concludes that, good contract management practice has a big role for the successful completion of the project and it has an advantage for both contractor and owner of the work. However, the study recommends for parties to give and take constant training concerning on the work of improving contract management practices, use of adequate information systems and enhanced flexibility and risk management. Key words: construction contract, contract management, SPSS,Construction industries are counted as a vast industry from the world. This industry needs effective evaluation techniques and controlling mechanisms for the successful completion of it. The completion must pass good quality construction; safe cost controlling mechanisms and others evaluated criteria’s. Since the industries are greatly vast, it needs careful evaluation and monitoring techniques. The aim of this study is to evaluate construction contract management practice and its benefit for the successful completion of building project in modjo town and for identify the factors that affect the best practice of construction contract management, plus for the investigation of impact of deprived construction contract management practice on building project in modjo town. From the known term, contract management is understood as comprising the negotiation of the terms and conditions of contracts, it ensuring compliance, documenting and agreeing to any changes that may arise during contract implementation. The study therefore required to evaluation of the practice of contract management of building construction in modjo town because of contract can play a great roll for the helpful completion of the works especially for construction work. The study has structured questionnaires and unstructured interviews were used as the main data collection instruments. Consequently, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software is used for analyzing the data and the data are presented using charts and tables. SPSS are the main tool used to analyze the observation gathered and interpretation done using relative frequencies and descriptive statistics respectively. The implication of the study is that effective contract management improves operational performance of construction industry in modjo. The study results showed that some of construction industries use designated contract managers for the management of their contracts and the challenges in contract management were identified like, lack of records management systems, lack of project claim management systems, lack of cooperation, corruption and conflict regarding payment. The study also concludes that, good contract management practice has a big role for the successful completion of the project and it has an advantage for both contractor and owner of the work. However, the study recommends for parties to give and take constant training concerning on the work of improving contract management practices, use of adequate information systems and enhanced flexibility and risk management. Key words: construction contract, contract management, SPSS, https://zenodo.org/record/13410 10.20372/nadre:13410 oai:zenodo.org:13410 doi:10.20372/nadre:13409 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EVALUATION OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT AND ITS ADVANTAGES IN MODJO TOWN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION" info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13396 2025-07-28T12:14:49Z user-20-25

Adane Jobro 2024-07-21 Advisor: Samson Debele (PhD) Vernacular architecture transcends mere functionality. It serves as a powerful language, expressing and reinforcing the cultural identity of a community. This is especially evident in Ethiopia's Central Rift Valley (CRV). Here, traditional building practices, materials, and aesthetics interweave to create a rich tapestry, a story told by the communities dwelling in this land. This research dives into the cultural identity embodied within CRV's vernacular architecture. It particularly focuses on how local knowledge and its transmission across generations contribute to this identity. The research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, strategically employing various data collection techniques. Semi-structured interviews with skilled craftspeople will yield a deeper understanding of traditional construction methods and the rationale behind them. Participant observation will allow for firsthand experience of construction processes and the interactions between craftspeople. Visual aids like photographs and sketches will further document these methods and the various stages of construction. Data collected through interviews and observations will be analyzed thematically. This analysis will identify recurring themes related to construction methods, particularly the reasons and explanations provided by craftspeople. By examining these themes, the research aims to illuminate the cultural significance embedded within these techniques. Understanding the perspectives of community members is equally important. Semi structured interviews and focus group discussions will be conducted to explore their understanding of the purpose and function of various building elements. A key focus will be on how courtyards, thick walls, and specific materials influence daily life and social interactions within these structures. Thematic and narrative analysis employed to explore cultural values and environmental adaptations are reflected in the use of materials and design choices. Finally, the research will investigate how knowledge about traditional construction methods is passed through generations within CRV communities. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups will target individuals from different generations, including elders, craftspeople, and younger community members. https://zenodo.org/record/13396 10.20372/nadre:13396 oai:zenodo.org:13396 doi:10.20372/nadre:13395 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by EXPLORETHECULTURALIDENTITYOFVERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE:INTHECASEOFCENTRALRIFTVALLEYOF ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13400 2025-07-28T12:17:10Z user-20-25

Temesgen Tesfa Gemeda 2021-09-11 Major Advisor: Eng. Elmer C. Agon (Asso Prof) The area covered by pavement construction for roads, parking and pedestrian is increasing in Ethiopia. The material used for these pavements are either impervious concrete or impervious asphalt. This creates rainwater falling on this impervious land surface prevents water to drain in to soil. The solution to avoid these future problems is by reducing the construction of impervious surfaces that block water infiltration into the soil or drain. There are many types of pervious pavement. Some of these are pervious asphalt, pervious concrete and pervious pavers. This research focuses on comparison of pervious concrete and conventional concrete. Pervious concrete is one of a special type of concrete with a high porosity used for concrete flatwork applications that allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass through it, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and recharging ground water levels. The materials used in this study are water, cement, coarse aggregate and fine aggregates. The methodologies used in this research are first characterization of material used then mix design for C15 and C20 grade of concrete for both conventional concrete and pervious concrete was done. This followed by preparing the sample and testing both conventional and pervious concrete for compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength test. Finally, comparison of mechanical property and cost of conventional and pervious concrete was done. The trial mix design ratio used for C15 was 1:3.11:3.54 and for C20 1:02.02:3.00(C: FA: CA) for conventional concrete. For pervious concrete FA used in ratio was 10%. And w/c ratio is kept 0.35. Using C20 mix design the result of the test showed 28th day compression strength of 26.91MPa and 16.76 MPa, split tensile strength 3.31 and 2.51MPa and for flexural strength7.94 MPa and 6.07MPa for conventional and pervious concrete respectively. Even though there is a decrease of strength in pervious concrete; it is used in parking areas, areas with light traffic, residential areas. It is an important material for application ground water recharge. https://zenodo.org/record/13400 10.20372/nadre:13400 oai:zenodo.org:13400 doi:10.20372/nadre:13399 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE AND CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE PAVEMENT MATERIAL info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13434 2025-07-28T12:33:48Z user-20-25

ELSABETH UMETA 2024-07-18 ADVISOR: MISGANU GETAHUN (PhD) This investigation set out to evaluate the Ethiopia Road Authority Naqamte brach's project quality management procedures. Utilizing both primary and secondary data, the study used descriptive research methodology with the overall goal of evaluating quality management practices and major quality management challenges in order to meet its objective. Client representatives, consultant teams, and contractor teams comprised the study's target population; with a total of 128 participants. Sensing method was one of the sampling techniques employed by the researcher. Q&A sessions and questioner distribution yielded quantitative data from 107 study participants, while interviews yielded qualitative data. In order to measure the research results by testing its reliability, the questionnaire underwent validation and its internal consistencies were found to be stable and reliable. The statistical package for social science (SPSS, version 26) was used to process the data. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to examine the quantitative data. The data was tabulated and used in descriptive analysis to describe the project environments' state. The study's findings showed that, despite some procedures being skipped, Ethiopia Road Authority's Naqamte branch used all phases of the quality management process in its project quality management procedures. It is discovered that the main quality management instruments and procedures utilized to regulate project quality are statistical sampling and inspection. The three most important factors in determining the quality of Ethiopia Road Authority Naqamte branch construction projects are qualified and experienced personnel, high-quality materials and equipment used in the project construction, and conformance to specifications. This study looks at the different quality assurance steps that were taken, such as defining project objectives and monitoring tasks that were primarily completed at a weekly, monthly, or quarterly level with management members involved. Inadequate management support, issues with contractors, impractical deadlines, and a lack of a quality management policy and strategy were also noted as major obstacles to quality management. Additionally, a separate quality management policy for the Ethiopia Road Authority's Naqamte branch was suggested by the study. Key Words: Quality, Quality Management, Quality Management Process https://zenodo.org/record/13434 10.20372/nadre:13434 oai:zenodo.org:13434 doi:10.20372/nadre:13433 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT ETHIOPIA ROAD AUTHORITY: THE CASE OF ETHIOPIAN ROAD AUTHORITY NEKEMTE DISTIRICT". info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13412 2025-07-28T12:25:56Z user-20-25

ADISU ASRES YENENEH 2021-09-28 ADVISOR: GEREMEW KENASSA (PhD) In this study, the mathematical modeling of prey predator system with diseased prey was investigated analytically as well as numerically. This section consists of the study, boundedness and positivity of the solution, existence of equilibrium points, local and global stability of the equilibrium points. To analyze the local and global stability of the model the researcher should do boundedness and positivity of the solution, existence of the equilibrium points and Jacobean matrix are determined. Moreover, the dynamics of the system was analyzed systematically. The stability analysis of the developed model was investigated stepwise and numerically illustrate and finally, summary and conclusion of the study was included. Keywords: prey predator model; equilibrium points; local and global stability https://zenodo.org/record/13412 10.20372/nadre:13412 oai:zenodo.org:13412 doi:10.20372/nadre:13411 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF PREY PREDATOR SYSTEM WITH DISEASED PREY MSc THESIS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13458 2025-07-28T12:44:23Z user-20-25

Leilu Nasir 2021-03-13 Advisor: Habtamu Fekadu (PhD, Asso. Professor) Milk is fundamental food in the human diet and nutrient rich food that improve nutrition and food security. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and concentration of Aflatoxin M1 and microbial loads of raw cow milk collected from Nekemte City, Ethiopia. A total of 12 raw cow milk samples were collected purposefully from four kebeles (Bake Jama, Burka Jato, Cheleleki and Bakanisa kese) in the city based on potential of individual milk production and distributor site. Aflatoxin M1 concentration was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by standards purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The study showed that the range of Aflatoxin M1 concentration from Bake Jama, Burka Jato, Cheleleki and Bakanisa kese were 0.01-0.03μg/L, 0.31-0.35μg/L, 0.19-0.21μg/L and 0.04 0.07μg/L, respectively. The Aflatoxin M1 concentration in the present study were significantly (P<0.05) different and ranged from 0.01μg/L to 0.35 μg/L. These indicate that, out of 12 samples investigated, all of them were positive for AFM1 and contaminated at various level. The result of this study revealed that out of 12 samples, 7(58%) milk samples were higher than the maximum tolerance limit accepted by the European Union (0.05μg/L).The present study also showed that among the investigated adulterants, only addition of water was positive in three milk samples, whereas the rest of adulterants were not detected in all milk samples. The total bacterial and total coliform counts were significantly (p<0.05) different and ranged from 5.53 to 6.82 log10cfmL-1 and 4.21 to 4.74 log10cfmL-1, respectively. The physic-chemical properties of the milk sample in the present study was significantly (p<0.05) different and ranged from 2.8 to 5.75 % fat, 7.03 to 9.75 % SNF, 2.35 to 3.61 % protein, 3.33 to 5.15 % Lactose, 11.54 to 13.69 % total solid, 0.16 to 0.18% Titrable acidy, 26.7 to 32.1 oC temperature, 6.35 to 6.55 pH value and 1.027 to 1.030 specific gravity. The physico-chemical properties of raw milk from study area achieve the quality requirement standard. Hence, further studies are required to ascertain the extent of the problem and the factors associated with high aflatoxin M1 levels in raw milk in the study areas including the detection of AFB1 in animal feeds. Keywords: Cow; Milk; Aflatoxin M1; Adulterants, Microbial loads; Physico-chemical; Nekemte https://zenodo.org/record/13458 10.20372/nadre:13458 oai:zenodo.org:13458 doi:10.20372/nadre:13457 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by AFLATOXIN M1 CONCENTRATION AND MICROBIAL LOADS IN RAW COW MILK COLLECTED FROM NEKEMTE CITY, ETHIOPIA AFLATOXIN M1 CONCENTRATION AND MICROBIAL LOADS IN RAW COW MILK COLLECTED FROM NEKEMTE CITY, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13436 2025-07-28T12:35:38Z user-20-25

Asefa Bekele Nurgi 2019-12-05 Major Advisor: Getahun Kitila (PhD) Conversion of Land use types, mainly from natural vegetation to cultivated land brought about rapid nutrient depletion. Overall objective of this study was to investigate the Effect of Land Use Types on Selected Physicochemical Properties of Soil: Case Study of Leka Dulecha District, Western Ethiopia. Nine soil samples were collected randomly at (0-20cm from the cultivated, forest and grazing lands. Moisture content (MC) was calculated using the gravimetric method where soil samples were placed into ceramic crucibles and weighed to get the fresh weight and then oven-dried at 105 °C to constant weight for about 24 h and the dry weight recorded. Soil texture was determined by the Bouyoucos hydrometer method after destroying organic matter and dispersing the soil by using sodium hexametaphosphate as described. Then, statistical differences between the values for the various parameters of land use were tested using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) following the General Linear Model procedure of the Statistical Analysis System SAS Version w9, (SAS, 2004). When significant differences were observed comparisons of means were performed using Turkey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) at the 5 % probability level. Soil properties such as SOM, TN, Exchangeable Na and Mg, Exchangeable acidity, BD, MC were showed significant differences at (P≤0.05) by land use types and sand, clay, Silt, pH, Ca, P were not significant differences in land use types. The highest (1.34g/cm) and the lowest mean (0.92/cm3) BD was obtained with grazing and the forest land respectively. The highest mean pH, (4.7) and lowest pH, (4.4), were obtained with forest land and cultivated land respectively. The range of pH in all land use types was moderately acidic to strongly acidic. The highest means, SOM (5.89%), and total nitrogen (1.17%) were recorded in the forest land compared to the lowest (0.56% and 0.53%), in the cultivated land, respectively. The results revealed that soil fertility declines under different land use types. The inappropriate land use management led to disturbance of soil nutrient status. This study suggests the use of more organic matter input, alternative cultivation practices, vegetation restoration, and improved crop and livestock varieties and protecting illegal settlement. Key words: Forest land, grass land, Land use types, soil physicochemical properties, https://zenodo.org/record/13436 10.20372/nadre:13436 oai:zenodo.org:13436 doi:10.20372/nadre:13435 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by Effect of Land Use Types on Selected Physicochemical Properties of Soil: The Case Study of Leka Dulecha District, East Wollega zone, Oromia, Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13456 2025-07-28T12:43:27Z user-20-25

ZERIHUN TEFESE BEYENE 2024-06-05 ADVISOR: TAMIRU OLANA, PHD (ASSOCIATE PROF) This study was carried out with the purpose of challenges EFL teachers face in the implementation of learner -centred approach in teaching speaking skills in English language classrooms in grade nine of Dale sadi District. It also aimed to investigate the restraints that inhibit the implementation of learner -centered approach and coping strategies teachers use to minimize these constraints. The study was conducted in three government secondary schools. Six English language teachers who were currently teaching at grade nine were participated in the study. The qualitative research design was adopted with direct observation; interview and written reflection methods of data collection being used and data generated through these instruments were analysed, organized and presented in narrative form. The results of the study indicated that teachers were not implementing learner-centered approach to the level that the strategy advocates because there were various factors that hampered the implementation of learner centered approach in teaching speaking skills in English language classrooms. The first factor was students’ background such as mother tongue interference, lack of vocabulary words, lack of self-confidence, and low level of motivation. The other factors include class size, seating arrangement, and lack of adequate teaching materials. The findings also suggest that the teachers on the study lack sufficient training how to handle challenges EFL teachers face in the implementation of learner centred approach in teaching speaking skills in the classrooms. The results of the study indicate that teachers do not using techniques that would help to reduce the challenges that impede the implementation of learner centered approach. Therefore, it was recommended that teachers should be provided with adequate preparation on how to implement learner centered approach and teachers should give due emphasis to find effective ways of implementation of communicative activities in speaking teaching classrooms. https://zenodo.org/record/13456 10.20372/nadre:13456 oai:zenodo.org:13456 doi:10.20372/nadre:13455 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by CHALLENGES EFL TEACHERS FACE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LERNER-CENTERED APPROACH IN TEACHING SPEAKING SKILLS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF THREE GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DALE SADI DISTRICT: GRADE 9 IN FOCUS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13438 2025-07-28T12:35:16Z user-20-25

DEREJE WAKGARI DEBELA 2024-07-28 MAIN ADVISOR: GADDISA OLANI (Ph.D.) One of the issues that affects the operational process at Commercial Bank of Ethiopia is loan approval process, which might be caused by faulty estimations or a lack of customer information. In order to prevent unanticipated problems, the banks evaluate loan applications through a thorough assessment procedure in an effort to reduce credit risks. Predicting loan approval based on provided and gathered data is therefore crucial in this context. Machine learning is a favourable direction to give accurate and on-time decisions to approve/Reject the Customer’s loan applications. This research investigation aims to investigate the loan approval prediction process with several machine-learning techniques. The proposed technique began with pre-processing the data in order to identify the most notable feature by cleaning the data, eliminating outliers, and determining the correlation between the features. Then, seven machine learning algorithms have been trained and tested: Random Forest classifier (RF), Decision Tree Algorithm (DT), Gaussian Naïve Bayes algorithm, Support Vector Classifier (SVM), Gradient Boosting Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Logistic Regression algorithms. The experiment used of around 10,256 rows and 35 columns used to train and test the Machine learning models to predict loan approval. The result of the experimental research mean accuracy are 98% in GaussianNB, 95% in Decision Tree Algorithm, 98% Logistic Regression algorithms,98% in K-Nearest Neighbors,55% in Support Vector Classifier,99% in the Random forest algorithm and 99% in the Gradient Boosting classifier algorithm. It has clearly shown that; the Random Forest and Gradient Boosting algorithm has the highest accuracy over all algorithms applied for loan approval prediction in CBE. This research's novelty can be summed up by contrasting seven machine-learning algorithms to determine which one makes the best predictions. According to the testing data, the Random Forest techniques outperformed the other algorithms in terms of f1-score, accuracy, precision, and recall. https://zenodo.org/record/13438 10.20372/nadre:13438 oai:zenodo.org:13438 doi:10.20372/nadre:13437 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by COMMERCIAL BANK OF ETHIOPIA LOAN APPROVAL PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13464 2025-07-28T12:48:12Z user-20-25

ASEFA ABDETA GUTEMA 2021-11-03 Advisor: Raji Feyisa(PhD) Irrigation with municipal waste has become a common practice in some parts of Ethiopia. This leads to adverse effects on soil and vegetable. Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem. The most common heavy metal contaminants are Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The aim of this study was to asses and compare the concentration level of selected heavy metals in sugarcane juice and soil in irrigated farm land of laga Kela river, Bako Tibe District. The sugarcane and soil samples were collected from Laga kela river sugarcane irrigated farm land and analyzed by using FAAS. Wet digestion method was employed for digestion of samples and HNO3 (69%), H2O2 (30%), and distilled water were us ed during digestion process. The validation of these procedures was performed by spiking the samples witha standard solution of each metals having a known concentration and perce ntage recovery value. The results showed that the mean concentration of each studied heavy metals in lower site sugarcane juice sample were given by; Zn (1.22), Fe (9.64), Cr (0.16), Mn (1.40), Cd (0.01) and Pb (0.45) in mg/L. Whereas, the mean concentration of heavy metals recorded in upper site of sugarcane sample were; Zn (1.20), Fe (3.06), Mn (1.26) and (0.34) in mg/ kg, but Cr and Cd were not detected. The mean concentration of heavy metals recorded in lower site soil sample were; Zn (79.43), Fe (49,318.77), Cr (49.37), Mn (858.07), Cd (0.21), and Pb (11.30) in mg/ kg. Whereas, the mean concentration of heavy metals recorded in control soil sample were; Zn (72.48), Fe (69,009.03), Cr (48.97), and Mn (826.63) in mg/ kg, but Cd and Pb were not detected. The concentration value of Fe in this study was generally the highest among the others all heavy metals detected in the samples, but Cd in upper site juice were not detected, also Cd and Pb in upper site soil were not detected. The percentage recovery values of four different samples (lower site sugarcane juice, upper site sugarcane juice, lower site soil, upper site soil) lie between 91.50 102.50%. The results of the present study were compared with international guidelines set by WHO/FAO for soil and WHO /US EPA, EC for sugarcane juice. The concentration of Mn metal in both sugarcane juice samples were found above the permissible limit set by WHO/ FAO and Pb were slightly higher than permissible limit set by EC, whereas the concentration of Fe was found to be above the permissible limit set by FAO / WHO in both soil samples. keywords: Heavy metal, soil, sugarcane juice, lower site soil, upper site sugarcane juice. https://zenodo.org/record/13464 10.20372/nadre:13464 oai:zenodo.org:13464 doi:10.20372/nadre:13463 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN SUGARCANE JUICE AND SOIL IN IRRIGATED FARM LAND OF LAGA KELA RIVER, BAKO TIBE DISTRICT, WEST SHOA, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13462 2025-07-28T12:47:51Z user-20-25

ADIVISER: ABEBE SHANKO /PhD CANDIDATE 2024-07-28 In order to better understand how project management practices are applied to road construction projects, this study will examine the Oromia Rural Road Construction Authority's Nekemte branch in Oromia, Ethiopia. There were 128 people in total that made up the target audience for this study: client representatives, consultant teams, and contractor teams.The researcher employed the censes method of sample methodologies. 107 study participants provided data, which was gathered both qualitatively through interviews and numerically by the distribution of questioner papers. In order to measure the research results by examining its reliability, the questionnaire underwent validation and its internal consistencies were found to be stable and dependable. The statistical package for social science (SPSS, version 26) was used to process the data.Descriptive statistical analysis was used to examine the quantitative data. The data was tabulated and used in descriptive analysis to describe the project environments' state. Based on the study findings, there is a deficiency in the implementation of project management practices, which puts the project at risk of cost overruns and delays in project completion. Therefore, by putting these suggestions into practice, Rural Road Construction Authority, Nekemte Branch can increase the success rate of its road construction projects through efficient project management techniques. Project managers and team leaders should also be taken into consideration to ensure that project management principles implementation are adequately considered and implemented from start to finish the project work. . Key Words: Impact Projects, Management Principles, Implementation, Success of Road Construction Project https://zenodo.org/record/13462 10.20372/nadre:13462 oai:zenodo.org:13462 doi:10.20372/nadre:13461 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE IMPACT OF PROJECTS MANAGEMENTS IMPLEMENTA TION ON SUCCESS OF ROAD CONSTRACTION PROJECT;THE CASE OF OROMIA RURAL ROAD CONSTRACTION AUOHORITY, NEKEMTE BRANCH OROMIA,ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13500 2025-07-28T13:18:01Z user-20-25

Tesfu Kidane Wakgari 2023-07-28 Main Advisor: Mr. Wakgari Dibaba (Ass.Prof ) In the discipline of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Relation extraction is a crucial semantic processing problem. The aim is to determine the semantic relationship between e1 and e2, given a phrase S and two annotated entities, entity1 and entity2, using a set of preset relation types. Numerous applications, including text mining, question answering, information extraction, and more, can benefit from semantic relation extraction. To obtain high-level features, certain state of the art foreign language systems still rely on lexical resources of NLP tools like dependency parsers and named entity recognitions. The fact that crucial information can be anywhere throughout the sentence presents another difficulty. To challenge these problems, we suggest the Afaan Oromo semantic relation extraction scheme, which uses a deep learning methodology. As one of the modern deep learning methods, the (Bi-LSTM) bidirectional long short-term memory network with attention mechanism is used. It extracts significant semantic information from sentences and allows for multi-level automatic feature representation learning from data. The suggested model consists of multiple mechanisms. The first is word embedding, which is the mapping of words into low-dimensional vectors. By acquiring new features across domains, this feature learning technique is utilized to extract relations from text written in Afaan Oromo. It's possible that not all contextual information will show up in one way of the interaction. The third attention mechanism builds a weight vector, which is then multiplied to generate a sentence-level feature vector by combining word-level data from every time step. For this thesis, we create the Afaan Oromo Relation Extraction Dataset from the Afaan Oromo literature, and we test our model by using to change hyper parameters and classifying data set into 80/20 to get the best performance. The assessment techniques of precision, recall, and F-score are commonly utilized to assess the efficiency of the proposed system, with 93.23% accuracy and an F1-score of 78.00%. It generates the proposed bidirectional long short-term memory model. It obtains good results utilizing only word embedding as input features, without the need for lexical resources or natural language processing (NLP) systems. Keywords: Deep learning, Word Embedding, Bi directional long short term memory. Semantic Relation Extraction https://zenodo.org/record/13500 10.20372/nadre:13500 oai:zenodo.org:13500 doi:10.20372/nadre:13499 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by SEMANTIC RELATION EXTRACTION FOR AFAAN OROMO TEXT USING DEEP LEARNING APPROACH info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13486 2025-07-28T13:07:53Z user-20-25

Gadissa Feyissa Shoma 2021-11-10 Advisor: Zelalem Abdissa (PhD) ABSTRACT Different parts of Dodonaea angustifolia are traditionally used for the treatment of fever, colds, oral thrush, toothaches and related problems. The aim of this study was to extract chemical compound from the root of the plant using chloroform/methanol (1:1, v/v) as extraction solvent and to analyses the phytochemical constituents and its bioactivity. The fresh root of Dodonaea angustifolia was collected from Catholic Church campus found in Shambu town. After shade dried the ground plant material was extracted using a 1:1 mixture of chloroform/methanol as extraction solvent. The crude extract obtained was fractionated into three fractions: n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Preliminary phytochemical screening and bioactivity tests were carried out using plant extract based on literature procedures. It was observed that the fractions of root of Dodonaea angustifolia contain various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and phenols. Crude extract and fractions of n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate of root of Dodonaea angustifolia were also analyzed for antibacterial potential against four bacteria strains like Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella using the agar diffusion method. Escherichia coli was found to be the most sensitive as compared to the reference drug erythromycin (15.3 mm vs 19 mm, respectively) and ethyl acetate fraction showed relatively better antibacterial activity on the four bacterial strains. The antioxidant activity of the crude root extract of Dodonaea angustifolia was tested by (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The crude extract showed comparable DPPH radical scavenging activity as compared to the reference ascorbic acid (95.8% vs 97.4%, respectively) at the highest concentration tested (1000μg/mg). The result indicates that the antibacterial as well as antioxidant properties of Dodonaea angustifolia root extract supports the traditional use of the plant in therapeutic use against microbial infections. Key words: Dodonaea angustifolia; Phytochemicals; Root extract; Antibacterial; Antioxidant. https://zenodo.org/record/13486 10.20372/nadre:13486 oai:zenodo.org:13486 doi:10.20372/nadre:13485 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ROOT ETRACT OF DODONAEA ANGUSTIFOLIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13518 2025-07-28T13:30:26Z user-20-25

BY: OLIFAN TESFAYE HAILE 2021-07-28 MAJOR ADVISOR: - PROF. AR. TARUN GUPTA (PHD.) CO-ADVISOR: -MR. ABEL GEORGE (MSC)A playground is a place to give children some excitement of outdoor playfulness and provides essential childhood experiences. Therefore, this public amenity should be adequately designed, creative and safe according to its appropriate safety standards. This Thesis has conducted on evaluating safety of Wollega university condominium children’s playgrounds that located in the Nekemte. In this respect in order to evaluate the safety of the playgrounds; Different methodology had been carried out as the selection of the area, survey, questionnaire and case studies. An observational survey was conducted on children’s playgrounds. The safety evaluations stressed on; the surfacing materials, shade, Fence, age appropriate, maintenance and family supervision area. Children’s playgrounds are lacks improper Surface material, Shade, fence, equipment’s and there is no provided space for children’s according to their age. Finally, safety and standardization recommendations were made for children’s playgrounds. Keywords: playgrounds; children’s safety, condominium https://zenodo.org/record/13518 10.20372/nadre:13518 oai:zenodo.org:13518 doi:10.20372/nadre:13517 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EVALUATING THE SAFETY OF CHILDREN PLAYGROUND IN WOLLEGA UNIVERSITY CONDOMINIUM (NEKEMTE, ETHIOPIA) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13524 2025-07-28T13:40:38Z user-20-25

DINKISA ALEMU 2022-07-28 Major Advisor: Dr. Kabtamu Getachew Co-advisor: Miss, Jayanthi Ramalengam In recent years, the shortage and value of land in terms of cost and asset has increased, these lead us to use land effectively and efficiently. This is more significant in High-Rise multi storey buildings, where small unusable dimension from each floor will accumulate and add up to huge loss of usable area. The concrete-steel composite construction has obtained an extensive receiving around the globe. However, as Ethiopia is a developing country, it is relatively a new concept for its construction industry when compared with the developed countries around the globe. Although, the RCC construction is suitable and economical for construction of framing systems of low-rise buildings, but the increased dead load, span restrictions, less stiffness and risky formwork makes it uneconomical and unviable when it comes across the construction of intermediate to high-rise buildings. RC construction have some problems regarding saving area and also demographic chart of static data shows that the population growth rate doubled with in a year and population flows from rural are to urban is very high but the area which we have is remain the same, these leads us to use alternative technology. As our country is one of the poorest countries when we talk about new technology in our society mind, about its cost comes first. So these researches try to answer their question regarding these new technology cost and try to distinguish which technology save usable area. B+G+10, B+G+15 & B+G+19 storey commercial building are selected for this study in Adama city, Oromia, Ethiopia. A comparison is made between conventional RCC columns structure and SCC concrete-encased composite columns structure. The Linear Respectrum Analysis is performed using ETABS-2018 software for different height of building such as B+G+10, B+G+15 & B+G+19. In the design, the strength and serviceability requirements is checked satisfying the Ethiopian new code requirements ESEN 8, 2015, ENES 2,2015 and ESEN 4,2015. Finally comparison is made with respect to usable area, cost and dead weight of both structures and conclusion will be drawn accordingly. According to this research both RC and SCC are with in allowable limit with regard to strength performance such as period of vibration, storey drift, storey displacement and base shear, thus the thesis main aim is as comparing SCC and RC with regard to usable area and cost saving. These thesis shows that SCC save 1.6% of the total area of building than RC but as cost aspect due to low industrialization of steel in Ethiopia RC become economical and RC have maximum dead weight than SCC. https://zenodo.org/record/13524 10.20372/nadre:13524 oai:zenodo.org:13524 doi:10.20372/nadre:13523 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by COMPARISON OF STEEL CONCRETE COMPOSITE(SCC) AND REINFORCED CONCRETE(RC) STRUCTURES IN HIGH RISE BUILDING WITH REGARD TO USABLE AREA AND COST SAVING ASPECTS: A CASE STUDY ON B+G+10, B+G+15 AND B+G+19 BUILDINGS AT ADAMA TOWN. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13582 2025-07-29T06:20:11Z user-20-25

Girma Mitiku Oncho 2020-08-22 Major Advisor: Mekuira.T (PhD Candidate) Co adviser: Ebisa Likassa (PhD) This study focuses on the extent of biomass energy use by households, sources of biomass energy and estimate the amount of deforestation due to household biomass energy use in Wayu Tuka district. The overall aim of this study was to assess the effects of household biomass energy consumption on forest resource in Wayu Tuka district and to propose ways of reducing deforestation caused by using biomass energy. Descriptive types of research design method were adopted. Data collection techniques such as questionnaire, interview, and field observation were used for data collection. To conduct the study 171 households out of 3,566 households in the sampled kebeles and 13 officials from related sectors were selected. The collected data from the administered questionnaires was analyzed and simplified using Microsoft Excel and statistical procedures of Statistical package for Social Science and the data are presented in graph of cluster columns, pie charts, and simple tables to clearly show the results. The most common source of households’ biomass energy uses are wood (76.6%), crop residue (17%) and charcoal (6.4%). 78.15% of total biomass energy source originated from forest resources. This study revealed that on average annual consumption of fuel wood was1285.325 metric ton (122.607 tons of fire wood and 1,162.72tons of charcoal) was consumed in the study area. The production of fuel wood implied deforestation by removing more than 40.70hectors or 686,364 trees in the district through out of the year. Forest cover change detection and analytical outcomes from 1990 -2020 show that the amount of forest resource highly degraded by the cause of farmland, fuel wood collection overgrazing, and settlement. In general, the findings of the study revealed that the majority of the households in the study area are mostly reliant on biomass energy sources which exacerbate deforestation in the district that calls for serious attention from governmental, nun governmental bodies, private organizations and community. Therefore, creating awareness, community participation in planting indigenous trees, providing improved energy saving stoves, planting trees, allocating sufficient budget, creating job opportunities, capacity building to the officials, private company participation in supplying energy saving stoves, supplying modern energy like electricity is also other proposed ways of reducing deforestation caused by using biomass energy. Key words: Household Biomass Energy Consumption and forest resource. https://zenodo.org/record/13582 10.20372/nadre:13582 oai:zenodo.org:13582 doi:10.20372/nadre:13581 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECTS OF HOUSEHOLD BIOMASS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON FOREST RESOURCE IN WAYU TUKA DISTRICT, EAST WOLLEGA, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13574 2025-07-29T06:16:10Z user-20-25

Zewudalem Simachew 2021-10-01 Advisor: Teshome Gemechu (PhD) Ethiopia is one of the biodiversity reach areas in the world. A study was conducted at Aemiro Natural Forest the general objective of assess the floristic composition and structure. Vegetation data were collected from 75 plots systematically laid along transects. A hierarchical cluster analysis with R software was used to identify plant communities. Structural analysis of the Aemiro forest was performed based on frequency, density, diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area and importance value indices (IVI) of woody species. Floristic diversity and evenness were computed using Shannon diversity and Evenness indices, respectively. The similarities between plant communities, the study area and other study areas were computed using Sorenson’s similarity index. Atotal of105 species (73 woody and 32herbaceous species) belonging to 96 genera and 60 families. 14 species were endemic to the Flora area. The density and basal area of woody species in the study area were 598 stems ha-1, 74.2 m2 ha-1 respectively. The most dominant tree species were Juniperus procera, Olinia rochetiana, Olea europaea Subsp.cuspidata, Prunus africana, Schefflera abyssinica, Apodytes dimidiata and Myrica salicifolia. The hierarchical classification resulted in four plant community types which were shaped by natural factors. The floristic analysis vegetation type of Aemiro forest was dry evergreen Afromontane forest. Phytogeographical comparison of Aemiro Forest revealed the highest similarity with Susgen-Bosena forest. The DBH distribution showed a reverse “J” shaped curve, meaning that there is active regeneration and recruitment in the forest. Regeneration status of Aemiro forests were found fair. Four representative woody plant population structures were identified, that is, inverted J, U, Bell and J- shaped patterns. There is high anthropogenic effect and high dependence of the local community in Aemiro Natural Forest. So, primary forest was converted into other land use types with alarming rates of forest destruction. that forest conservation and restoration measures should be required . As a result, forest a significant number of endemic and other species are threatened. Therefore overturn these changes, among other measures, designing effective land use planning and undertaking restoration activities using prioritized species is highly recommended. Key words: Aemiro natural Forest, Endemic species, Floristic composition, Plant community and Regeneration xii https://zenodo.org/record/13574 10.20372/nadre:13574 oai:zenodo.org:13574 doi:10.20372/nadre:13573 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by Floristic composition and structure of Aemiro Natural Forest, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Regional State, North Western Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13576 2025-07-29T06:10:55Z user-20-25

Abinet Tefera 2020-03-21 Advisor: Gutema Jira (PhD) This study was conducted in Arjo Diga Protected Forest (ADPF) from July 2019 to February 2020 with the objectives of assessing the feeding ecology, habitat association and distribution of Colobus guereza. The forest was stratified into three habitat types: dense forest, woodland and grassland. Data were collected using line transect method established by stratified random sampling and instantaneous scan sampling. A total of nine transects ranging from 1.5km to 2.0km length were used based on the habitat types. The results showed that, the number of Colobus guereza recorded during the wet and dry seasons were 77 and 71, respectively. There was no significant variation in the number of Colobus guereza during the wet and dry season (x2= 0.24; df =1; P >0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the number of Colobus guereza among habitats (x2=1.35; df= 2; P< 0.05). The average density of Colobus guereza was estimated to be 47.75 individuals / Km2. In the present study area eleven plant species were consumed by Colobus guereza. Among these, Dombeya torrida (29.7%), Prunus africana (21.6%) and Measa lanceolata (12.8%) were the most commonly consumed plants. On the other hand, Ficus sur (8.8%), Celtis africana (7.4%) and Cordia africana (5.3%) were moderately consumed. Colobus guereza spent about 73.0%, of their feeding time on leaves. The least time (5.2% and 4.6%) was spent on flower and barks, respectively. Regarding the distribution and habitat association of C. guereza, the highest numbers was recorded in the dense forest (72.4%), than woodland (19.6%) and grassland (8.0%) habitat during both seasons. This may be due to the availability of diversified resource plant species in the dense forest than woodland and grassland. Based on the data from line transect samples, it can be concluded that more number of Colobus guereza could be observed during the wet season than the dry season. From the overall time taken by C. guereza for feeding different types of food items, leaves contribute the highest percentage of consumption in their diet as they are folivorous. Although, other dietary items like fruits, barks and flowers are included in their diet as well. Further research needed to be conducted to get information in the nutritional contents of plant types consumed in order to keep the population of C.guereza and other wildlife in the study area. Keywords: Arjo Diga Protected Forest, Colobus guereza, feeding ecology, Habitat Association. https://zenodo.org/record/13576 10.20372/nadre:13576 oai:zenodo.org:13576 doi:10.20372/nadre:13575 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by POPULATION STATUS, FEEDING ECOLOGY, HABITAT ASSOCIATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF COLOBUS GUEREZA IN ARJO DIGA PROTECTED FOREST, WESTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13578 2025-07-29T06:15:32Z user-20-25

Gadissa Tiruneh 2020-09-19 Advisor: Gutama Jira (PhD) The present study was conducted from August 2019 to March 2020 to investigate avian species composition, relative abundance and distribution in Jorgo Wato Protected Forest (JWPF). The study area was divided into natural forest, plantation forest and mixed forest habitats based on the vegetation type’s cover and topography identified during the reconnaissance survey. Data were collected by using Stratified sampling method and it also employed for point count and line transects methods. The data were collected in the morning (6:30-10:00 a.m.) and late afternoon (3:30-6:00 p.m.).The species diversity of each habitat in the two seasons was analyzed using Shannon diversity Index (H’) and Species evenness was evaluated using Shannon-Wiener Evenness Index (E).Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to see the effect of habitat association of avian in a given season and mean species richness was seen by using Chi-square in terms of season. A total of50species of birds were identified during the whole study period. Out of 51 bird species 22 species were observed during dry season, 13 species during the wet season and 16 species in both dry and wet season. The Taxonomic analysis grouped 51 avian species belonging to 35 families and 16 orders. During the wet season, the highest species diversity was recorded in the Natural forest habitat (H’=2.59) followed by the mixed forest habitat (H’=2.45). Both during the wet and dry seasons, avian diversity was highest in Natural forest habitat (H’=3.25) followed by mixed forest habitat (H’=3.205). During the wet season, high species similarity was seen between Natural and mixed forest habitat (SI=0.42) followed by mixed and plantation forest habitat (SI=0.23).The lowest similarity was observed between natural and plantation forest habitats (SI=0.167). The mean abundance of species between habitats and seasons showed (F=3.263, p=0.002, df =2 and (F=31.617, df =1, p=0.005. p 0.05) significant difference in avian abundance. Hunting, grazing by livestock and illegal human activities were the main anthropogenic threats in the area. The study area harbors considerable birds that are threatened by interacting anthropogenic factors. To decrease the impact of anthropogenic activities on wildlife of the study area, community education and participation play principal role for sustainability of wildlife in Jorgo-Wato Protected Forest. Key words: Avian abundance, species composition, species similarity and richness. https://zenodo.org/record/13578 10.20372/nadre:13578 oai:zenodo.org:13578 doi:10.20372/nadre:13577 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by SPECIES COMPOSITION, RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF AVIAN FAUNA IN JORGO-WATO PROTECTED FOREST, WESTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13586 2025-07-29T06:24:02Z user-20-25

Girma Gudina 2023-07-29 Major Advisor: Mr. Kamal Mohammed (Ass. Professor) In today's digital world, where we share and talk using technology, uncovering the secrets hidden in writing is really important. To do so Looking into authorship attribution can be very interesting. This study focuses on creating Authorship Attribution (AA) model for Afaan Oromo documents. The aim is to classify and predict the authorship of an unidentified text from a predetermined group of potential authors or attributing writings of unknown origin to one of possible writers. The aim of this study is to utilize deep learning approaches with word embedding on authorship attribution for Afaan Oromoo documents of social media using LSTM, BiLSTM and CNN algorithms and to recommend the best model for AA problems for Afaan Oromoo documents. To develop this model we collected a total of 10,485 Facebook posts from verified Facebook pages that employ influence in politics, the economy, religion, culture and individuals who possess the ability to easily engage the community and guide them toward shared objectives. The dataset was initially divided into training and testing sets at an 80/20% and 70/30 % ratio. This allocation meant that 80% of the data (8388 data) was designated for training, while the remaining 20% (2097 data) was reserved for testing. Additionally, in another split with a 70/30% ratio, 7339 data were assigned to training, and 3146 data were assigned to testing. Furthermore, we set aside 10% of the training sample for validation. In this work, different Natural language processing tasks such as text preprocessing which include tokenization, stemming, lemmatization, stop words removal and normalization are performed. Finally, the result of our models is compared. We compared LSTM, BILSTM and CNN with the same dataset and same parameters. However, we obtained different performance on 80/20% and 70/30% ratio. The model has high accuracy on 80/20%. BiLSTM has a great performance with 92% accuracy and 88% precision and LSTM and CNN have got 91% accuracy and 90% precision and 91% accuracy and 89% precision respectively. https://zenodo.org/record/13586 10.20372/nadre:13586 oai:zenodo.org:13586 doi:10.20372/nadre:13585 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by AUTHORSHIP ATTRIBUTION MODEL FOR AFAAN OROMO DOCUMENTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA USING DEEP LEARNING APPROACH info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13584 2025-07-29T06:24:21Z user-20-25

ABABAA BAYYANAA 2019-01-18 GORSITUUN: ALIIMAA JIBRIIL (PhD) Hojii kalaqaa barreessuun muuxannoofi beekumsa qabaachuu barbaada. Barreessitoonni hojii kalaqaa isaanii keessatti namfakkiilee kalaquudhaan caacculee asoosamaa fayyadamanii barreessu. Kaayyoon gooroo qorannoo kanaa asoosama dheeraa Afaan Oromoo ‘Jala-bultii’ keessatti namfakkiilee barreessaan gargaarame xiinxaluudha. Saxaxi qorannoon kun ittiin geggeeffame immoo mala qorannoo akkamtaa yoo ta’u malli ragaaleen ittiin qaacceffaman mala ibsaati. Mata- duree qorannoo koo irratti hunda’uun malli iddatteessuu ani gargaarame mit-carraa ta’ee mala akkayyooti. Meeshaaleen funaansa ragaalee qorannoo kanaa sakatta’a dookumantii ta’ee, ragaalee mala kanaan asoosama ‘Jala-bultii’ keessaa funaanuun qaccesseen jira. Haaluma kanaan, namfakkiileen asoosamicha keessa jiran nam-fakkiilee gurguddoorraa hanga namfakkiilee xixiqqootti, gaheefi qooda isaanii moggaasa maqaa isaanii irraa illee haala hubatamuu danda’uun qindaa’anii jiru. Waldhabdeen namfakkiilee gidduutti uumaman sadarkaalee itti gochaaleen gara gulantaa isa biraatti ce’an eeguudhaan qindaa’uun isaanii ibsameera. Akkasumas, haalli itti barreessaan asoosamichaa dhiyeesse haala namootni hubachuu danda’aniin ta’uufii akkasumas gochaafi ta’insoota raawwataman hunda ofii isaa keessatti hirmaachaa seenessuu isaa qorannoo kanaan adda baafamee jira. Dabalataanis, akkaataa itti namfakkiilee gidduutti waldiddaan uumamee asoosamicha gara fuulduraatti adeemsisuuf ooleefi dubbistootaaf hawwataa ta’uun asoosamichi ‘mijataa ta’uunsaa qorannoo kanaan adda baafameera. Irra caalatti immoo, asoosamni kun sirnoota darban keessatti aadaa, safuu, falasama, amantaafi duudhaan Oromoo akka dhiibbaan irra gahaa ture ibseera. Walumaagalatti, qorannoon kun haala namfakkiileen asoosama https://zenodo.org/record/13584 10.20372/nadre:13584 oai:zenodo.org:13584 doi:10.20372/nadre:13583 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by DHAABBATA QO'ANNOO QOOQILEEFI GAAZEXEESSUMAATTI, WARAQAA QORANNOO ITTI GUUTINSA DIGIRII LAMMAFFAA AFAAN OROMOOFI OG-BARRUUTIIN GUUTTACHUUF QOPHAA'E info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13588 2025-07-29T06:23:55Z user-20-25

By Worku Bacha 2022-07-29 Major Advisor: Getachew Mamo (PhD) Despite the increasing use of social media for information and newsgathering, its nature leads to the emergence and spread of incorrect i.e., information that is unverified at the time of posting, which may cause serious damage to government, markets, and society. The information posted on social media, such as fake news/incorrect information/rumors, individual opinions/feelings, hate speeches, inciting ethnic violence have negative impacts on the political transition and other issues of the country. As a solution to this problem, the study was proposed automating the Afaan Oromo text stance detection model using Supervised ML and feature extraction techniques to build a detection model. To investigated this study two datasets were prepared as train stances and train bodies where train bodies have text body and body Id, as well as train stances, have a headline and body ID. The required data were collected from the Facebook public page only and manually labeled into agree, disagree, discuss, and unrelated to headline depending on text body ID and a dataset that consists of 1692 total Afaan Oromo news text from both datasets were out of this 862 was total stances and 830 was total bodies were prepared. The experiment was conducted by using 1692 of the total datasets. We have applied three supervised machine learning algorithms such as LR, RF, and MNB for classification purposes. The researcher attained an average accuracy of 81%, 69%, and 48%, respectively. Experimental results show that the LR performed better than the other models by outperforming all other classifiers and achieving the best results in terms of improved accuracy (81%). Therefore, to conclude, the Logistic Regression (LR) revealed the best algorithm for stance detection for Afaan Oromo text and classification, which gives a valuable approach for researchers and other users. Keywords: Afaan Oromo, Supervised ML, Stance Detection, social media, Facebook https://zenodo.org/record/13588 10.20372/nadre:13588 oai:zenodo.org:13588 doi:10.20372/nadre:13587 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by STANCE DETECTION OF AFAAN OROMO TEXT USING SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13598 2025-07-29T06:41:34Z user-20-25

አበባ አሇማየሁ 2023-05-17 ታሪኩ ነገሰ (ድ/ር) የዙህ ጥናት ዓቢይ ዓሊማ በኦሮሚያ ክሌሌ ተ዗ጋጅቶ በ2015 ዓ.ም ስራ ሊይ በዋሇው የ7ኛ ክፍሌ የአማርኛ ቋንቋ መማሪያ መጽሏፍ ውስጥ የተካተቱትን የሰዋሰው ትምህርት ይ዗ቶች አቀራረብና አዯረጃጀት መመርመር ነው፡፡ ይህንን ዓሊማ ሇማሳካትም የዴርሳን ፍተሻንና ቃሇ መጠይቅን በመጠቀም መረጃዎች ተሰብስበዋሌ፡፡ የተሰበሰቡት መረጃዎች በአይነት በአይነታቸው ከተዯራጁ በኋሊ ገሇጻና ትረካን በመጠቀም ተተንትነዋሌ፡፡ የመረጃ ትንተናውን መሰረት በማዴረግም በጥናቱ የተዯረሰባቸው መዯምዯሚያዎችም በኦሮሚያ ክሌሌ ትምህርት ቢሮ ተ዗ጋጅቶ በ2015 ዓ.ም በስራ ሊይ የዋሇው የ7ኛ ክፍሌ የአማርኛ ቋንቋ መማሪያ መጽሏፍ ውስጥ 6 ጥቅሌ የሰዋስው ትምህርት ይ዗ቶች ሲኖሩ ከ6ቱ ጥቅሌ ይ዗ቶች 4ቱ ከአጠቃሊይ ወዯ ዜርዜር፣ ቀሪዎቹ 2 ጥቅሌ ይ዗ቶች ዯግሞ ከዜርዜር ወዯ አጠቃሊይ አቀራረብ ቀርበዋሌ፤ የይ዗ቶቹን አዯረጃጀት በተመሇከተ ተገቢነታቸውንና ተሇጣጣቂነታቸውን የጠበቁ ሲሆን የተከታታይነት ችግር ይስተዋሌባቸዋሌ፤ የሰዋስው ትምህርት በቂ ሽፋን መሰጠቱ፣ አብዚኛዎቹ የሰዋስው ትምህርት ይ዗ቶች ከአጠቃሊይ ወዯ ዜርዜር መቅረባቸው፣ አጫጭር ማስታወሻዎች መካተታቸው እና የመሇማመጃ ጥያቄዎች በምሳላዎች መዯገፋቸው የአቀራረቡ ጠንካራ ጎኖች ሲሆኑ የቀረቡት ይ዗ቶች ውስን መሆን፣ ውጤት ተኮርና ሂዯት ተኮር የይ዗ት አቀራረቦች በመጽሏፉ አሇመካተታቸው እና የመሇማመጃ ጥያቄዎች ማነስ የመማሪያ መጽሏፉ የአቀራረብ ዯካማ ጎኖች ናቸው፤ ይ዗ቶቹ ተገቢነታቸውንና ተሇጣጣቂነታቸው ጠብቀው መዯራጀታቸው፣ የመሇማመጃ ጥያቄዎቹ በቀሊሌ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች መቅረባቸው፣ አብዚኛዎቹ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች የተማሪዎችን የመኖሪያ ዓውዴ የጠበቁ መሆናቸው የአዯረጃጀቶቹ ጠንካራ ጎኖች ሲሆኑ የይ዗ት ተከታታይነት ችግር መኖሩ እና አንዲንዴ መመሪያዎችና ትዕዚዝች በተሟለ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች አሇመቅረባቸው የመማሪያ መጽሏፉ የሰዋስው ትምህርት ይ዗ት አዯረጃጀት ዯካማ ጎኖች ናቸው፡፡ እነዙህን መዯምዯሚያዎች መሰረት በማዴረግ የመማሪያ መጽሏፉን የአቀራረብና የአዯረጃጀት ክፍተት መሰረት ባዯረገ መሌኩ መጽሏፉ ቢሻሻሌ፤ ውጤት ተኮርና ሂዯት ተኮር አቀራረቦች በመጽሏፉ ቢካተቱ፤ ይ዗ቶቹ ተከታታይነታቸውን ጠብቀው ቢዯራጁ፤ መምህራን በየይ዗ቶቹ የተሇያዩ የመሇማመጃ ጥያቄዎችን በማ዗ጋጀት ተማሪዎቻቸውን ቢያስተምሩ፤ መመሪያና ትዕዚዝች በተሟለ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች ቢገሇጹ፤ ላልች አጥኚዎች በላልች የቋንቋ ትምህርት ይ዗ቶች ሊይና የክፍሌ ዯረጃዎች ሊይ ግምገማ ቢያዯርጉ የሚለ አስተያየቶች ተሰጥተዋሌ፡፡ https://zenodo.org/record/13598 10.20372/nadre:13598 oai:zenodo.org:13598 doi:10.20372/nadre:13597 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by ሇኢ-አፈ-ፈት ተማሪዎች በተ዗ጋጀው የሰባተኛ ክፍሌ የአማርኛ ቋንቋ መማሪያ መጽሏፍ ውስጥ የቀረቡ የሰዋስው ትምህርት ይ዗ቶች አቀራረብና አዯረጃጀት ግምገማ በወሇጋ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ቋንቋዎች እና ስነ-ጽሁፍ የአማርኛ ትምህርት ክፍሌ የዴህረ ምረቃ መርሃ ግብር የማስተርስ ዱግሪ ከፊሌ ማሟያነት የቀረበ ጥናት info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13592 2025-07-29T06:37:53Z user-20-25

By MESFIN DEREJE KINATI 2021-07-29 Major Advisor: Dr. M. Kumarasamy (PhD) Natural Language Processing is the intersection of computer science, linguistics and machine learning. The field focuses on communication between computers and humans in natural language and NLP is all about making computers to understand and generate human language. Semantics is a branch of linguistics, aims to study the meaning in language. Semantic Analysis is the branch of natural language processing that aims to understand the meaning of a text. Semantic analysis gives the exact meaning or the dictionary meaning from structures created by syntactic analysis. Semantic networks are becoming more and more popular issue current day. In Semantic networks, we can represent our knowledge in the form of graphical networks. This network consists of nodes representing objects and arcs or edges which describe the relationship between those objects. Deep learning is part of machine learning that can utilize either unsupervised or supervised algorithms. Deep learning is a set of algorithms and techniques inspired by how the human brain works. The main deep learning architectures that used in text classification are simple neural network, convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network. From those deep learning algorithm we selected RNN for the development of prototype. In RNN, the neural network considers the information of previous nodes in a very sophisticated method which allows for better semantic analysis of the structures in the dataset. We developed the LSTM model to train our data for semantic network analysis model. LSTM is a special type of RNN that addresses problems by preserving long term dependency more expertly in comparison to the basic RNN. RNN mostly works by using LSTM or GRU for text classification. The model is evaluated using accuracy and loss by training, testing, and validation dataset and result were recorded and presented by taking differenent number of neuron, number of epoch and batch size alternatively. The final result shows that the model performs finally that we got 97.75% training accuracy, 96.60% testing accuracy, with 0.3185 and 0.7710 loss during training and validation respectively at the end of 30 epoch by using batch size = 2. Finally we got 98.22% training accuracy, 97.08% testing accuracy, with 0.1752 and 0.4278 loss during training and validation respectively at the end of 30 epoch by using batch size = 4. Keywords: Semantics, Semantic analysis, Semantic network analysis, Deep learning, Word embedding, Semantic similarity, Word2vec, modeling, classification https://zenodo.org/record/13592 10.20372/nadre:13592 oai:zenodo.org:13592 doi:10.20372/nadre:13591 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by AFAAN OROMO TEXT SEMANTIC NETWORK ANALYSIS MODEL FOR CLASSIFICATION OF TEXT USING DEEP LEARNING APPROACH info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13600 2025-07-29T06:31:07Z user-20-25

Tsgemariam Tsega Alebachew 2023-07-29 Advisor: Kemal Mohammed (Assistant Professor) In our daily lives, the most common way to learn new things is by asking questions. It improves thinking and rehearsal capacity, as well as the learning environment, due to its emphasis on a clear idea. However, manually generating questions is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and requires the use of experts. As a result, establishing automatic question generation can reduce construction time and the demand for human labor. Question generation systems can be applied on different areas, including Chabot, automatic teaching systems, and question-answering models. There are various approaches to develop a question generation models like rule based, machine learning based and deep learning based. This study focused on developing an Amharic question generation model from Ethiopian historical text documents by using deep learning approach. By using Python as programming language, different consecutive deep learning and NLP model building tasks like tokenization, normalization, stop word removal and feature extraction were involved for model development. To implement this study, DNN and GRU algorithms were employed on Keras sequential architecture by using 5144 pairs of question and answer datasets for train, validate, and test the developed model. During model, training and testing, overfitting and underfitting problems were handled by regularization, dropout, and cross-validation techniques. Different experiments have been done by changing neural network hyperparameters like the number of epochs, the number of hidden layers, and type of optimizers and train-test data distributions to select the best model result. Finally, the developed model is evaluated by the current state-of-the-art of deep learning model evaluation metrics which are accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score and user acceptance testing. The developed model scores performance of DNN, GRU, and user acceptance testing 73.76%, 74.52%, and 79.25 % respectively. Key words: Amharic, Deep Learning, DNN, GRU, Question Generator. https://zenodo.org/record/13600 10.20372/nadre:13600 oai:zenodo.org:13600 doi:10.20372/nadre:13599 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by AMHARIC QUESTION GENERATION FROM ETHIOPIAN HISTORICAL TEXT DOCUMENTS BY USING DEEP LEARNING APPROACH info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13602 2025-07-29T06:32:26Z user-20-25

ADDISE BEYENE 2021-07-21 : NEERAJ BALI (PhD) The banking industry has been rapidly developing the use of digital banking service as an efficient and viable tool to create customer value. The main aim of this study was to understand customer preference and awareness towards digital banking service in customers in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia Naqamte city branches. The study focused on the preference of DBS platforms like ATM,MB, CBE Birr, IB and POS service. This thesis attempts to take a closer look at the customer awareness and preferences towards DBS in CBE Naqamte city branches. This study was conducted with the general objective of study to understand customer awareness and preferences towards digital banking services in the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia in Naqamte city branches . Data was collected through questionnaire, interview and secondary data. This paper is based on survey study to check the awareness and preference of people for CBE Digital Banking service. Descriptive study was conducted on research which shows customer preference towards Digital banking service. The researcher used descriptive method of study based on qualitative and quantitative approach in order to get better analysis of the study and also used both primary and secondary data collection tools with their relevant tools like questionnaire and documentary analysis in order to come up with required data. The major findings of this study are the most preferable digital banking service is mobile banking and the age group of DBS users are age between 15 to 30 years. According to the result of the study, Internet banking is the least preferable type of digital banking service. I revealed to recommend increasing the customer preferences towards digital banking service CBE must work to increase the number of users from all aspects regardless of their educational status, occupation, age, marital status and gender. The study also recommended CBE has to give additional emphasis to increase the satisfaction level of its digital banking customers and to increase the number of digital banking users from all categories of the customers Key Words: Digital banking, Preference, ATM, MB, IB, CBE Birr https://zenodo.org/record/13602 10.20372/nadre:13602 oai:zenodo.org:13602 doi:10.20372/nadre:13601 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by CUSTOMER AWARENESS AND PREFERENCE TOWARDS DIGITAL BANKING SERVICES IN COMMERIAL BANK OF ETHIOPIA NAQAMTE CITY BRANCHES. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13594 2025-07-29T06:30:26Z user-20-25

Yilma Nibret 2020-08-11 Advisor: Oljira Kenea (PhD) Maize (Zea mays L.) is originated in Central America and was introduced to West Africa in the early 1500s by the Portuguese traders. Today maize is one of the most important food crops worldwide including Ethiopia. In our country maize is produced mainly for maintaining food security. The maize weevil, S.zeamais is one of the most serious cosmopolitan insect of stored cereal grain, especially of maize in tropical and subtropical regions. The general objective of this study is to generate baseline information on the magnitude of maize weevil infestations on stored maize and postharvest control practices of smallholder farmers in Adet Zuria. In this study 200 quintal sample points from 20 households were taken at random for measuring the infestation rate of the maize weevil. One Way ANOVA was used to determine the weight loss of the maize taken at three different positions; bottom, middle and top positions. Postharvest storage management and maize weevil control practices were assessed using focus group discussion that consists of eight key informants. The infestation rates of maize weevil from 200 quintal sample sack store were 79.5%. From One way ANOVA it was found that there is statistical difference in the weight loss of the maize grain. From this the high weight loss was observed at the middle of the sack store and it has statistically significant difference with the weight loss at the bottom and the weight loss at the top. The management and control practices of maize weevil in sack storage most householders used synthetic chemicals. Results showed that the infestation rate of the maize weevil in sack stores was 79.5% from the sample of 200 quintals. It was also found that the weight loss of maize at the bottom, the middle and the top of the sack store were statistically significantly different. The major control and management practice of the local people against the maize weevil in AZK was chemical pesticides. Key words: AZK, Chemical control, maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamays, stored maize https://zenodo.org/record/13594 10.20372/nadre:13594 oai:zenodo.org:13594 doi:10.20372/nadre:13593 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by SITOPHILUS ZEAMAYS INFESTATIONS IN STORED MAIZE AND CONTROL PRACTICES BY SMALL HOLDER FARMERS IN ADET ZURIA, WEST GOJJAM, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13614 2025-07-29T06:41:20Z user-20-25

AMDIHUN NURU AFKADIR 2020-05-09 ADVISOR: BOKA KUMSA (PhD, Associate Professor) This thesis studies the stability analysis of linear continuous singular systems with time delay. Singular system is a dynamic system which is governed by a mixture of algebraic and differential equations. Many technical systems possess time delay, which is the property of physical system that makes poor performance of the control system. The presence of time delay makes system analysis and control more complicated and tends to degrade overall systems performance. To achieve the stability of such system a necessary and sufficient conditions are proposed and proved in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Furthermore, the feedback stabilization also proposed and proved in terms of LMI. Based on the findings the researcher would like to recommend that, stability analysis of linear continuous singular systems with time delay by considering other parameters like variable time delay, non-linear continuous singular systems and stability analysis of linear continuous singular systems with interval time delay to be taken in to consideration. Finally, numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Keywords: Stability, linear systems, continuous system, singular system, linear matrix inequality, time delay. https://zenodo.org/record/13614 10.20372/nadre:13614 oai:zenodo.org:13614 doi:10.20372/nadre:13613 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by STABILITY ANALYSIS OF LINEAR CONTINUOUS SINGULAR SYSTEM WITH TIME DELAY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13606 2025-07-29T06:36:04Z user-20-25

Wagari Tesfaye 2025-06-13 Advisor: Dr. Fikadu Tamiru (Ass.prof) https://zenodo.org/record/13606 10.20372/nadre:13606 oai:zenodo.org:13606 doi:10.20372/nadre:13605 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Investigation of Groundwater potential Using geophysical method: Electrical Resistivity and Magnetic methods: A case of Oda Gudina catchment area Diga district, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13620 2025-07-29T06:45:42Z user-20-25

AYANTU GUTETA FITE 2020-06-15 Advisor: Boka Kumsa Bole (PhD, Associate professor) This thesis was investigated with the reduced-order filtering problem for continuous singular system using a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMIs) approach. The main purpose of this thesis is to design linear filters with a specified order lower than the given system such that the filtering error dynamic system is regular, impulse-free and stable and satisfies a prescribed H performance level. One of the contributions of this thesis can be viewed as an extension of the reduced-order H filtering results for continuous state-space systems to singular systems. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of this problem are provided in terms of strict LMIs approach .when these inequalities are feasible, an explicit parameterization of all desired reduced order filter is presented. For the special case of the zeroth-order H filtering problem, it has been established that the solvability condition is equivalent to a convex LMI problem that can be easily handled. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the LMI approach and also the conclusions, recommendations and future works were made in this thesis. Keywords: - continuous singular systems, singular systems, linear matrix inequality, H filtering, Reduced-order filters, zeroth-order H filter. https://zenodo.org/record/13620 10.20372/nadre:13620 oai:zenodo.org:13620 doi:10.20372/nadre:13619 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by REDUCED- ORDER FILTERING PROBLEM FOR CONTINUOUS SINGULAR SYSTEM USING A LINEAR MATRIX INEQUALITY APPROACH info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13640 2025-07-29T07:01:47Z user-20-25

ABERA KEBA 2019-09-30 ADVISOR: ANNO KARE (PhD) Abstract The universe is a huge place without any boundary that contains galaxies, stars and planets and other numerous heavenly bodies in it. The stars which are a type of astronomical objects of glowing ball of gas held together by its own gravity and powered by nuclear fusion in its core. Star formation is among the most important physical processes affecting the formation and evolution of galaxies. In this thesis we develop the theoretical foundation of the dynamics of star formation process by reviewing the theoretical concepts. Then starting with the hydrostatic equation we tried to derive some parameters that control star formation, such as pressure, temperature, gravity and energy. All these parameters work as a function of radius. Star formation also occurs in a longer period of time compared to human life in a dynamical time scale called the free fall time (tff). All the process of star formation goes through a number of stages from interstellar cloud to main sequence life, keeping the physical and chemical processes taking place in. For all the process gravity plays a key role that contracts material objects together. We finally put results by derived equation and graphs using Mat lab. Conclusion is drawn at the end to summarize the overall work. https://zenodo.org/record/13640 10.20372/nadre:13640 oai:zenodo.org:13640 doi:10.20372/nadre:13639 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by THE DYNAMICS OF STAR FORMATION info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13624 2025-07-29T06:50:16Z user-20-25

FIROMSA TESHALE WIRTU 2020-04-17 ADVISOR: BOKA KUMSA BOLE (PhD, Associate Professor) This thesis is concerned on reduced-order filtering problems for discrete singular system using linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the reduced-order filtering problem, for the discrete singular system have been described in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) filter. Also the filtering error dynamic system is admissible and its transfer function satisfies a prescribed performance level. Furthermore a numerical example is given to demonstrate the proposed method. Finally; conclusion, recommendation and future works are included. Keywords: filtering, linear matrix inequality (LMI), singular system, Solvability. https://zenodo.org/record/13624 10.20372/nadre:13624 oai:zenodo.org:13624 doi:10.20372/nadre:13623 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE REDUCED-ORDER FILTERING PROBLEMS FOR DISCRETE SINGULAR SYSTEMS USING LINEAR MATRIX INEQUALITY APPROACH info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13648 2025-07-29T07:06:32Z user-20-25

ABRIHAM ALIYI 2021-11-03 Advisor: Raji Fayisa (PhD) For the first and the most I give my thanks to the almighty God who has given me ample times, health and strength for the success of this work. It is also a pleasure to thank many people who made this proposal possible. First of all, I like to present my thanks to my advisor Dr. Raji Fayisa for his proficient advices, continues moral and technical assistances for the success of this work. I would like to acknowledge Gebeyo Kenea vice director of the school who gave me both moral and material supports, moreover, in treating me with tolerance and patience when I was busy with this research proposal. I would like to thank all of my family for the day to day encouragement of this work. There are so many other persons who contributed to the completion of this work in important ways and I would like to acknowledge them https://zenodo.org/record/13648 10.20372/nadre:13648 oai:zenodo.org:13648 doi:10.20372/nadre:13647 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND HEAVY METALS OF HORA SPRING WATER IN DAKIBO BURURI KEBLE, WESTERN WOLLEGA ZONE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13664 2025-07-29T07:12:47Z user-20-25

AFEWORK DUGASSA 2023-03-02 MAJOR ADVISOR: MOSISA GELETA (PhD) ABSTRACT Generalist wildlife species often thrive in urban environments because of increased anthropogenic resources. However, human wildlife interactions, especially if negative, raise concerns for urban wildlife management. Human-monkey conflict exists in different forms all over the world and is experienced more in developing countries. The conflict between human and vervet monkey ranks among the main threats to biodiversity conservation and has become frequent and severe in the study. With rates of urbanization increasing globally, there is a pressing need to understand the type and nature of human-wildlife interactions within urban environments, to help manage, and mitigate these interactions. Hence, the aim of this study is to describe human-vervet monkey and their dietary change during the wet and dry season in Bako town. The study was conducted from May 2021 to August 2022 covering the wet and dry season seasons. The data was collected via structured questionnaires, focus group discussion and direct observation. The collected data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science. The study revealed that vervet monkeys caused the highest damage to fruits/vegetables (60%), steal and snatch human food (20.58%), chicken depredation (11.6%), and material damage (7.35%). The present study was identifying the major causes of Human vervet monkey conflict in Bako, western Ethiopia and manifested through crop damage and steal and snatch human food, chicken depredation and material damage. To curb the problem, the local community shall cooperatively keep their crop in the farm. To minimize, the conflict, further study on how to reduce human-vervet monkey conflict in the town is highly recommended in Bako town. Key words: Human wildlife conflict, crop raiders, urban resident, vervet monkey https://zenodo.org/record/13664 10.20372/nadre:13664 oai:zenodo.org:13664 doi:10.20372/nadre:13663 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by SEASONAL DIETARY COMPOSITIONS OF URBAN DWELLING VERVET MONKEY: THE CASE OF BAKO TOWN, WESTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13688 2025-07-29T07:22:14Z user-20-25

ISRAEL MULATU OLJIRA 2019-10-09 ADVISOR: ANNO KARE (PhD) Abstract We provide a comprehensive review of major developments in our understanding of gammaray bursters, with particular focus on the discoveries made within the last fifteen years when their true nature was uncovered. We describe the observational properties of photons from the radio to multi-GeV bands, both in the prompt emission and the afterglow phases. Mechanisms for the generation of these photons in GRBs are discussed and confronted with observations to shed light on the physical properties of these explosions, their progenitor stars and the surrounding medium. After presenting observational evidence that a powerful, collimated, jet moving at close to the speed of light is produced in these explosions, we describe our current understanding regarding the generation, acceleration, and dissipation of the jet. We discuss mounting observational evidence that long duration GRBs are produced when massive stars die, and that at least some short duration bursts are associated with old, roughly solar mass, compact stars. The question of whether a black-hole or a strongly magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron star is produced in these explosions is also discussed. We provide a brief summary of what we have learned about relativistic collisionless shocks and particle acceleration from GRB afterglow studies, and discuss the current understanding of radiation mechanism during the prompt emission phase. We discuss theoretical predictions of possible high-energy neutrino emission from GRBs and the current observational constraints. Finally, we also discussed how these explosions may be used to study cosmology, finally we derived magnetic field strength starting from Lorentz force as well as derivation of fluence have been also discussed. Using these relations and other some basic equations we tried to model. Key words: gamma ray bursters, collimated jets and astrophysical black holes https://zenodo.org/record/13688 10.20372/nadre:13688 oai:zenodo.org:13688 doi:10.20372/nadre:13687 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by "GAMMA-RAY BURSTERS AND COLLIMATED JETS FROM ASTROPHYSICAL COMPACT OBJECTS" info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13700 2025-07-29T07:29:08Z user-20-25

Fikiru Geremew 2019-10-09 Major Advisor: Tesfaye Eba (PhD) ABSTRACT The idea for writing this piece of study is to investigate the overall impact of organizational culture directly or indirectly on employees’ job performance. To find the impact of organizational culture on employee job performance within Gidda Ayana General Hospital. This is a survey based research study. Primary and secondary data were used in this study. Primary data was gathered via questionnaire and formal & informal interview. Customer service, employee participation, reward system, innovation communication system, are considered variables for this study. Sample size is (n=127) therefore, descriptive statics, correlation and regression analysis have been used. The overall results of data analysis showed that all five factor elements of Organizational culture which are Employee participation, Innovation, Reward system, communication and customer service orientation have positive impact on employees’ job performance at selected Gidda Ayana General Hospital. From five factor elements Employee’s participation and reward system are a most important factor for achieving organizational goals. This study fulfils an acknowledged necessitate learning the impact of culture on the employee’s job performance of the Gidda Ayana General Hospital. Keywords – Organizational culture, Employee job performance, innovation, Employees participation, Reward System https://zenodo.org/record/13700 10.20372/nadre:13700 oai:zenodo.org:13700 doi:10.20372/nadre:13699 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by Impact of Organizational Culture on Employees' Job Performance in case of Gidda Ayana General Hospital info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13716 2025-07-29T07:37:29Z user-20-25

ALEMAYEHU DUGASA DERESSA 2021-09-29 ADVISOR: GEREMEWU KENASSA (PhD) ABSTRACT In this thesis, a mathematical model was developed to analysis a predator-prey model with a predator response with Holling type II form. Some mathematical preliminary results were investigated to show the feasibility of the system. The existence, uniqueness and boundedness of the solution of the model would be established. The feasibility and the stability conditions of the fixed points of the system would be analyzed by applying transformation and linearization method. Under suitable restrictions on the new parameters, we have shown that the positive interior equilibrium is a stable for the system of type II functional responses. Finally, numerical illustration would be carried out to justify the analytical results. Keywords: predator-prey model, predator response, stability analysis, numerical illustration https://zenodo.org/record/13716 10.20372/nadre:13716 oai:zenodo.org:13716 doi:10.20372/nadre:13715 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by STABILITY ANALYSIS OF PREDATOR-PREY MODEL WITH A CONSTANT PREY REFUGE AND PREDATOR RESPONSE WITH HOLLING TYPE II FOR info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13760 2025-07-29T08:08:13Z user-20-25

Yonas Etafa 2020-05-13 Advisor: Mr. Asebe Oljira Geleta Co-Advisor: Getahun Kitil(PhD) Water vapor is one of the most important green house gases present in the atmosphere of the Earth. Long-term variations in the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere need to be monitored not only for its direct role as a green house gas but also be cause of its role in amplifying other feedbacks in general circulation models. In recent decades, monitoring of water vapor on regular and continuous basis is becoming pos sible as a result of increase in the number of deployed Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) ground-based receivers at a faster pace. The purpose of this study is inves tigating the trend of the precipitable water vapor(PWV) during ascending phase of solar cycle 24 over Addis Ababa,Ethiopia from GPS zenith delay observations and Formosa Satellite Mission 3/ Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Iono sphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) radio occultation. The observations of atmospheric PWV over Addis Ababa, Ethiopia were performed using ground-based GPS receiver, and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation raw data. The diur nal, seasonal, and annual variations was analyzed from GPS observation. Accordingly PWV in the atmosphere was increased each year which is contributed to global warm ing and atmospheric moisture changes occurs. The analysis of data further yields the water vapor pro le over speci c locations in Ethiopia which provides with vital infor mation on the pivotal role of this vital element in the atmospheric dynamics during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24. Keywords: GPS, Refractivity, ZHD, ZWD, PWV, Zenith Tropospheric Delay https://zenodo.org/record/13760 10.20372/nadre:13760 oai:zenodo.org:13760 doi:10.20372/nadre:13759 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITABLE WATER VAPOR OVER ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA FROM GPS OBSERVATION info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13744 2025-07-29T08:02:51Z user-20-25

LachisaYohannes 2020-03-08 Major Advisor:SanbatoKena (Ph.D) Ceramics of Bi1-xHoxFe1-xMnxO3 (x=0.0, 0.1and 0.2) were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The structural and surface morphology of the ceramics were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The XRD results confirmed that co-substitution of Bi and Fe sites with Ho and Mn decreased Crystallite sizes nearly from 34.3050 nm to 33.9090 and it confirmed that th phase transformation from rhombohedral to orthorhombic wasfound. These decreasing in sizes were because of the incorporation of ionic radii of the co-dopants and the host. The SEM result showed that the crystal is the homogenized one. From the Impedance analyzer measurement in the frequency range (1 KHz-1MHz) the dielectric properties (dielectric constant and dielectric loss) were enhanced, with increasing the concentration of the co-doping. The measurements have shown that both the dielectric constant and dielectric loss are decreased with the frequency of the applied field in the lower frequency regions, but almost constant at higher frequencies (frequency independent).The improved material property has sound scientific applications like capacitors, sensors, actuators, etc. Keywords:Bismuth ferrite, dielectric, crystal structure, Solid -state reaction method ,X-ray diffraction ,Scanning electron Microscope . https://zenodo.org/record/13744 10.20372/nadre:13744 oai:zenodo.org:13744 doi:10.20372/nadre:13743 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by INVESTIGATION Of STRUCTURALAND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIESOF Ho AND Mn CO-DOPED BISMUTH FERRITE PREPARED BY SOLID-STATE REACTION METHOD. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13616 2025-07-29T08:13:09Z user-20-25

BY: Meseret Fetene Biru 2022-07-29 Advisor: Dr. M. Kumarasa Machine translation is a sub field of natural language processing that investigates the use of computer software to translate text or speech from one natural language to another. Since the world in which we are living today is occupied by massive languages, about six thousand languages worldwide, the speakers of these much languages need to interact with each other for different global issues. In today’s era where the global population communicates easily with any angle of the world using different communication platforms the need for translation between different languages is vital. This communication gap is solved by using an expert translator. The use of manual translation is expensive and inconvenient. Many researches were done to resolve this problem using machine translation techniques for some of resourced languages. However, the researches done on our local languages are very low. The intension of this thesis is to design and implement Geez-Afaan Oromoo neural machine translation, based on the encoder-decoder Recurrent Neural Network approach. Geez is classical South Semitic language which was used in many inscriptions including religious history, philosophy, medical and other since the early 4th century. Today Geez remains only as a spoken language and the liturgy language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and Ethiopian Catholic Church in our country. Where, Afaan Oromoo is the most spoken language in Ethiopia and the official working language of Oromia regional state, and it is primary school language in Oromia, Finfinnee and Dirree Dawaa administrations. Afaan Oromoo is the fourth most widely spoken African language after Arabic, Hausa and Swahili. The machine translation of Geez document into Afaan Oromoo will be of paramount importance in order to enable Afaan Oromoo user to easily access the invaluable indigenous knowledge decoded in Geez language. To train the model, two experiments were conducted using two different RNN algorithms. The first experiment is conducted by using GRU to translate Geez to Afaan Oromoo and has a BLEU score of 73.75%. The second experiment is carried out by using LSTM and has a BLEU score of 77.55%. The result shows that the LSTM approach is slightly better than the GRU approach. Keywords: Machine Translation, Recurrent Neural Network, Gated Recurrent Unit, Long Short-Term Memory, Geez, Afaan Oromoo https://zenodo.org/record/13616 10.20372/nadre:13616 oai:zenodo.org:13616 doi:10.20372/nadre:13615 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by GEEZ TO AFAAN OROMOO MACHINE TRANSLATION USING RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORK info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13768 2025-07-29T08:12:55Z user-20-25

ALEMAYEHU NEGERA WAKWOYA 2022-02-02 ADVISOR: Dr. AJAI KUMAR MISHRA ABSTRACT In the present work, the solution of Dirac equation in electric, magnetic and orthogonal electromagnetic field was investigated. The corresponding magnetic field has been evaluated by swapping the role of known and unknown quantities. Solving the Dirac equation with space-time-dependent potentials is crucial for the understanding of pair creation due to the Sauter-Schwinger effect. Only few exact solutions are known today, but no solutions have been established where the electric field does depend on more than one space-time coordinate.A method for generating solutions of the Dirac equation in the presence of space-time-dependent electromagnetic fields has been developed. By swapping the roles of known and unknown quantities in the Dirac equation, we are able to choose arbitrary solutions and calculate the corresponding electromagnetic field. Either using the present method solutions with an electromagnetic field depending on one of the light cone coordinates or both can be found in (1+1) dimensions. By choosing a specific ansatz, it is possible to formulate conditions for solutions that correspond to perturbative paircreation. Key words: Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations, Electric field https://zenodo.org/record/13768 10.20372/nadre:13768 oai:zenodo.org:13768 doi:10.20372/nadre:13767 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by SOLUTION OF DIRAC EQUATION IN ELECTRIC, MAGNETIC AND ORTHOGONAL ELECROMAGNETIC FIELD info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13843 2025-07-29T11:02:11Z user-20-25

Alula Kasa 2023-07-29 Main Advisor: Dr. Lucy Feleke (PhD) While project delays in the construction industry are a major issue globally, they are particularly worrisome in developing countries such as Ethiopia and Africa. Ethiopian construction companies have been affected by project delays. The construction project of Oromia Construction Corporation is experiencing delays. In practice, there are different types of delays in the corporation, which are excusable and unexcused, compensable and non-compensable, critical and non-critical and concurrent and non-excusable. All these delays individually and sometimes simultaneously affect the project in terms of time, cost, quality and the project's user. The purpose of this study is to investigate the delay in the construction project and its effect on the OCC case in the construction project. To conduct this research, a structured questionnaire is distributed along with key interviews, project visits and corporate annual reports. SPSS v20 and Microsoft excel are used to analyze and interpret the data to be collected. The responses are gathered from the contractor's side, the consultant's side and the client's side. Types of delay investigated in this study; Excusable delay, critical delay and un-excusable delay are ranked from 1-3 respectively and out of ten projects, 3 are construction, 2 are irrigation and 5 are from water supply projects. 80% of the projects are delayed by more than 1 month to 5 years, 20% are completed according to the lead schedule and the main reasons are delays in the supply of machinery and materials, financial problems (cash flow) and delays in the procurement process. Based on resources, the causes of delay are ranked from 1-3 respectively and 58.3% know the technique of assessing delay damage and 41.7% of OCC engineers are they don’t know how to assess delay damage and to do it. And to give clues to the corporation's employers about the different types of delays and their impact on a construction project. This paper observes the main reasons for the delay in the corporation's projects and it is confirmed that procurement process, limited cash flow, mobilization of machinery and materials are the main causes. In general, the projects of Oromia Construction Corporation are delayed and are causing damage to the quality, cost and time of the projects. This study indicates that if the company takes corrective action, the issues related to project delays will be reduced and will be resolved in the future. https://zenodo.org/record/13843 10.20372/nadre:13843 oai:zenodo.org:13843 doi:10.20372/nadre:13842 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by INVESTIGATION OF DELAY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT: IN CASE OF OROMIA CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13820 2025-07-29T10:51:49Z user-20-25

ALEMAYEHU TEREFU (BSc.) 2024-07-29 MAJOR ADVISOR: PROFESSOR TARUN GUPTA The requirements for effective parking space design have been accordingly taken into account in the dynamics of land-use and physical growth, in addition to the socioeconomic and demographic development of communities. To fulfill this function, the current health care setting has been investigated, and the effectiveness of parking spaces has been examined in light of newly developed ideas that represent the evolving community ideal. One factor that contributes to the happiness of patients, visitors, and hospital staff is the services they get. The first place in the facility is a parking spot. Lack of adequate parking spaces will allow guests, patients, and hospital staff to park their cars improperly or by the side of the road, which can obstruct traffic on the hospital's driveway, which is meant to be a barrier to providing high-quality services to the public. This study contributes to evaluate Parking Space Design Of Gimbi 7th Day Adventist Hospital. It also determines the potential risks associated with inadequate parking spaces due to parking space design and answers question in relation to parking efficiency to for users in hospital campus. Additionally, this study makes decisions that may be made to improve parking efficiency and make the parking space better at Gimbi 7th Day Adventist Hospital more efficient that satisfies hospitals users. The study was conducted in Gimbi 7th Day Adventist Hospital from first half 2023 to second half of 2023 GC which is found in Gimbi town, The data was collected through both qualitative and quantitative data. Data sources were Primary as well as secondary sources and data were collected through interview administered questioner. The evaluation tasks will be started by calculating the existing capacity of parking facility for car, and then calculating the demand based on a five days observation. Finally, after the data obtained from different source is organized, the result was analyzed using percentage and ratios and presented using tables and graphs. On the overall assessment of the parking area by the respondent 112 (76.7%) of the respondents stated that the parking is insufficient and 80 (54.8%) of the study participants felt that the parking space at the Gimbi Seventh Day Adventist Hospital needed to be improve design layout in order to accommodate the increased demand for parking. The following suggestions are based on the current study's findings: Since land use determines parking efficiency, integrated land use planning should regulate parking development. In order to provide more parking, designers must take into account the prediction of parking supply, which is based on the current excess of parking demand over available supply. Distance and travel time to the distinction area should be taken into consideration. Keywords: Gimbi seventh day Adventist hospital, Hospital parking demand, Parking lay out. https://zenodo.org/record/13820 10.20372/nadre:13820 oai:zenodo.org:13820 doi:10.20372/nadre:13819 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by EVALUATION OF PARKING SPACE DESIGN: CASE STUDY OF GIMBI 7TH DAY ADVENTIST HOSPITAL, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13826 2025-07-29T10:56:32Z user-20-25

BENTI MEGERSA 2023-07-29 ADVISOR: Dr. LUCY FELEKE In Ethiopia the number of building construction projects are increasing from time to time. Since quality of building construction projects is one of the traditional and global measure of building construction project performance, no matter what definition we follow for quality, it becomes very complex when we try to put it into the actual practice. Hence, poor quality project delivery is major problems that face construction projects inside the construction industries, and it’s of high concern to those who are involved in the industry. The objective of this study is to identify Critical factor that affect quality performance of construction project exist around East Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia in order to get critical attributes so that it may help the concerned body to take measure and focus toward quality work. In this study Critical factor is identified, its impact is assessed and mitigation measure is identified using different questionnaire stratifying the problem under contractor related, consultant related, client related, environmental, Economic related and project nature. Accordingly, questionnaire that contain 74 item was prepared and distributed to 45 respondents of different title and experience working on different sides means contractor side, client side, consultant side and regulatory bodies and their responses were analyzed using SPSS23. On this research, contractors’ financial capability, lack of performance measure, lack of clear schedule and risk identification, lack of training capacity building, lack of proper and sufficient equipment, poor performance and inadequate experience of contractors, frequent changes sub-contractors, shortage of site workers, unsuitable construction equipment and incompetent subcontractors are among the contractor related top critical factors. On the other hand, client related factor is: -delayed disbursing of payments, poor procurement method for contractor selection, poor communication & coordination with contractors, lack of finance control and payment arrangement skills, the practice of assigning the contract to the lowest bidder, lack of communication with the consultant, unrealistic contract duration imposed by the owner, improper and poor project feasibility study, poor contract management and changes in client requirements. Additionally, Lack of consulting experience, lack of coordination during design phase, frequent design change, dispute between contractor and consultant, low commitment, lack of cost plan monitoring and control, mistakes and errors in design, absence of consultant on site, reluctance (carelessness) of resident engineer, lack of technical skill (staff) among consultant related factor and other like Economic, Environmental and project nature factor were identified in this research. Finally identifying the impacts of the factor identified on this research its mitigation measure was also analyzed and assessed to help the concerned body for quality performance. Keywords: Performance, Quality, Construction projects, Quality of construction projects, https://zenodo.org/record/13826 10.20372/nadre:13826 oai:zenodo.org:13826 doi:10.20372/nadre:13825 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by INVESTIGATION OF CRITICAL FACTOR AFFECTING QUALITY PERFORMANCE IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN CASE EASTERN WOLLEGA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13851 2025-07-29T11:07:54Z user-20-25

Fitsum Alayu 2024-07-29 Advisor: Wondu Garoma (PhD, Assist. Prof) The research aimed to formulate and optimized complementary foods from oat, barley, chickpea, and carrot for improved nutritional and functional qualities using D- optimal mixture design. The research has motivated by the problem of infant and young children's malnutrition, which has influenced by the utilization, formulation, and consumption of low nutritional value local community-based foods. The research intended to develop a nutrient-rich, affordable, and acceptable complementary food product that can address malnutrition, especially micronutrient deficiencies, in poor community settings. The research used a D-optimal mixture experimental design with 14Blends and the control blend to optimize the blending ratio of the four ingredients (oat, barley, chickpea, and carrot) based on the nutritional, functional, phytochemical, physiochemical (viscosity), and sensory properties of the flour and gruel. The design has generated by D-Optimal mixture design with in design expert version, 6.0.8 software with constrained amounts of 30-40%oat, 30-35%barley, 25-30%chickpea, and 5-15carrot flour. The statistical model evaluation and optimization has done using D-optimal mixture design, expert software. The sensory evaluation has done using SPSS version 36 of the model mean ± standard deviation. This was conducted with 50 untrained panelists on 5 selected formulation food (gruel)and a control (local community formulation).The results showed that the optimal blending ratio for complementary food flour30.50% oat, 30% barley, 29.93% chickpea, and 9.57% carrot flours near to blend proportion 30%oat, 30% barley,30%chickpea,and 10% carrot flour. This ratio resulted in the best nutritional composition (Moisture content, ash content, crude protein ,Crude fat, crude fiber ,utilized carbohydrate and gross energy)(4.82% ,3.34% ,18.37% ,6.25% ,3.49%,63.73% &384.65kcal) respectively and micro nutrients( zinc, iron, calcium and β-carotene contents( 6.08mg/100g,6.96 mg/100g,444.37mg/100g &1025.95µg/100g)respectively whereas the functional properties (such as bulk density(0.62g/ml), water absorption capacity(2.14 g/ml), water solubility index(0.10g/100ml), oil absorption capacity(2.06 g/ml), and foaming capacity(2.91%),low viscosity(820.32mpa.s) and sensory qualities (such as aroma(4.5), taste(4.3), color(5), mouth feel(4.94), and overall acceptability(4.9)) of the flour and gruel. The optimized complementary foods also had high nutritional values such as protein, fat, energy, and mineral contents (such as iron, zinc, calcium). The optimized complementary foods also had high β-carotene content (pro vitamin A) and low levels of anti-nutritional factors (such as tannin (1.07mg/100g) and phytate (9.85µg/100g) that can affect the bioavailability of nutrients. The implications of the research are the oat, barley, chickpea, and carrot can be used to formulate nutrient dense and acceptable complementary foods for infants and young children. The optimal blending ratio can be used as guidelines for developing complementary food products that meet the nutritional and functional requirements of this target group. The research also suggested that the optimized complementary foods can be used to address malnutrition, especially micronutrient deficiencies (such as vitamin A deficiency), in poor community settings. The research also recommended that the production, preparation (blend 3), and consumption of oats, barley, chickpea, and carrot should be encouraged and promoted in the study area. The research also proposed some areas for further research in the future. Key words: Complementary food, D-optimal mixture design, Formulation, Optimization https://zenodo.org/record/13851 10.20372/nadre:13851 oai:zenodo.org:13851 doi:10.20372/nadre:13850 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF COMPOSITE COMPLEMENTARY FLOUR FROM LOCAL FOODS GROWN IN NORTH SHEWA (OAT, BARLEY, CHICKPEA AND CARROT) USING D-OPTIMAL MIXTURE DESIGN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13893 2025-07-29T11:39:23Z user-20-25

BY; ADANECH TERFASA 2025-07-29 ADIVISOR: MISGANU GETAHUN (PHD) In the current competitive environment, the importance of training and development for employees in any organization cannot be overstated. This research sought to assess how training and development influence employee performance in the sectoral offices of Guto Gida district. A quantitative methodology was employed, gathering data via questionnaires from 118 employees selected from a total of 170. The study examined training design and development methods as independent variables, with employee performance as the dependent variable. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, incorporating both descriptive and inferential statistics, such as Pearson Correlation and Regression analysis. The results from both statistical approaches indicated a significant positive correlation between training design, development methods, and employee performance, supporting established theories. It is recommended that the organization maintain its provision of both on-the-job and off-the-job training to further improve employee performance. Furthermore, for training programs to be effective, it is crucial to establish clear training objectives for trainers and ensure that the content is relevant and tailored to the employees' skill levels. Key words; -Training Design, Training Methods, on-the job training, off-the job training Employee’s performance. https://zenodo.org/record/13893 10.20372/nadre:13893 oai:zenodo.org:13893 doi:10.20372/nadre:13892 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-odbl A Thesis Submitted to School of Graduate Studies of Wallaga University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13917 2025-07-29T11:46:04Z user-20-25

BY Alganesh Alemu Negeri 2025-07-08 Advisor: Adugna Hunde (PhD Cand.) Poverty remains a critical challenge in Ethiopia, exacerbated by limited access to financial resources. Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) are recognized as vital tools for poverty reduction by providing credit and financial services to low-income households. This study examines the effect of MFIs on poverty alleviation in Nekemte City, Western Oromia, Ethiopia, addressing gaps in localized empirical evidence on MFI effectiveness. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining primary data from 322 households and secondary data. Stratified random sampling ensured representation across seven sub-cities. Data collection utilized structured questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model analyzed socio-economic variables and determinants of poverty status. Key findings revealed that education level, loan size, training, saving habits, and proximity to MFIs significantly influenced poverty reduction. Participants with higher education (β=0.11, p<0.05) and access to larger loans (β=0.85, p<0.05) were more likely to escape poverty. Conversely, high interest rates (β=-1.16, p<0.01) and delayed loan disbursement (β=-0.73, p<0.10) hindered progress. Female-headed households faced higher poverty rates (75.58%) compared to males (48.30%). MFIs positively contribute to poverty reduction in Nekemte City, particularly through income generation and asset accumulation. However, structural barriers such as high interest rates, limited accessibility, and bureaucratic delays undermine their efficacy. To enhance effect, MFIs should reduce interest rates, expand outreach to marginalized groups, and streamline loan processes. Financial literacy training and incentives for savings should be prioritized. Policymakers must support infrastructure development and regulatory reforms to improve MFI accessibility and operational efficiency. https://zenodo.org/record/13917 10.20372/nadre:13917 oai:zenodo.org:13917 doi:10.20372/nadre:13916 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-pddl EFFECT OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN EAST WALLAGA ZONE: THE CASE OF VISION FUND NEKEMTE CITY, WESTERN OROMIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13881 2025-07-29T11:42:36Z user-20-25

ABDI CHALA CHAMADA 2025-07-02 MAJOR ADVISOR: GADA J. (PhD Candidate) The aim of the study is to assess the healthcare employee perceptions toward performance evaluation practices in Bako Primary Hospital, West Showa, Oromia, Ethiopia. To undertake these general objective three specific objectives were designed and assessed by quantitative& qualitative data. To set background information on the proposed questions the theoretical, conceptual and empirical related literatures were reviewed and most of the literatures finding implies that perception of employees on performance evaluation practice had a significant influence employees’ perception toward performance evaluation. For the survey, the required data is obtained through structured questionnaires adopted from different sources and interview. To check the reliability and validity of the adopted instruments the Cronabach’s alpha test and the construct and content validity test was carried out. From the total population of 218 employees, the target sample (141) respondents were selected through stratified and simple random sampling technique. All questionnaires distributed to respondents were returned and analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS version 27). In the analysis descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analysis and ANOVA test was performed. The descriptive finding of the study shows that employees had low level of perception towards the existing performance appraisal practice. They have high level of work performance, low level of affective organizational commitment and moderate level of turn over intention. The correlation analysis result indicates employees’ perception of performance appraisal practice had positive and significant relationship with work performance and affective organizational commitment; negative and significant relationship with employees’ turnover intention. And regression analysis indicates employees’ perception of performance appraisal practice had positively and significantly influence work performance and affective organizational commitment whereas, negatively and significantly influence employees’ turnover intention. Finally, on the basis of the findings, possible conclusions and recommendations are given which can solve problems which were discovered in this study. Keys words: healthcare, perception, performance, appraisal, turnover, effectiveness https://zenodo.org/record/13881 10.20372/nadre:13881 oai:zenodo.org:13881 doi:10.20372/nadre:13880 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by HEALTHCARE EMPLOYEES' PERCEPTION OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PRACTICES: A CASE STUDY OF BAKO PRIMARY HOSPITAL info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13927 2025-07-29T11:49:31Z user-20-25

Debelo Negeri Begna 2022-07-29 Major Advisor: Kasahun Abdisa (Ph.D. Candidate) Co-Advisor: Misganu Tuse (M.Sc.) As offensive speech has become a controversial issue for online communities and social media platforms. Related to this, researchers have been investigating ways of coping with offensive content and developing systems to detect its different types like: cyberbullying, hate speech, aggression, etc. To the best of our knowledge and from what we have reviewed, most researches on this topic so far have dealt with English and other languages. This is mostly due to the availability of languages resources for those languages. To address this gap, this paper presents the first Afaan Oromoo annotated dataset for offensive speech detection. This research aims to use a supervised machine learning algorithm to develop an offensive speech detection model for Afaan Oromoo texts on social media sites like Facebook. While doing so, we collected posts and comments from social media specifically from Facebook pages of BBC News Afaan Oromoo, FBC Afaan Oromoo, Political party, Politicians, Oromia Communication Bureau, and Public figure artist pages. For this study, 3740 statements were collected using Facepager tool and labeled with binary classes namely Non-offensive speech 1922, and offensive speech 1818. To remove irrelevant characters like punctuations, symbols, blank value, white space, stop words, and to perform tokenization, text preparation tasks were applied to the data. To find the best combination of supervised machine learning algorithm and feature extraction for the model, the researcher used an experimental approach. Logistic Regression (LR), Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), Random Forest (RF), and Linear Support Vector Classifier (LSVC) models were trained with the dataset and with the extracted feature based on word unigram, bigram, trigram, combined n-grams, TF-IDF, and combined n grams weighted by TF-IDF for the dataset. For model comparison LR, MNB, RF, and Linear SVC achieved highest score of 87.37%, 89.19%, 83.31%, and 87.16% respectively. The model was also evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation, and classification performance to compare the models performance. Finally, the performance of proposed model was also evaluated using accuracy score. The performance evaluation shows that Multinomial Naïve Bayes scored the highest accuracy value of 89.19%. Keywords: Afaan Oromoo; Offensive; Offensive Speech Detection; Social Media; Machine Learning; https://zenodo.org/record/13927 10.20372/nadre:13927 oai:zenodo.org:13927 doi:10.20372/nadre:13926 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by OFFENSIVE SPEECH DETECTION FOR AFAAN OROMOO LANGUAGE ON SOCIAL MEDIA USING SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13941 2025-07-29T11:53:44Z user-20-25

Tashale Hinkosa 2022-07-29 Major Advisor: Getachew Mamo(Ph.D.) Co-Advisor: Gemechu Boche (MSc) The processes of developing and accessing arguments in the context of a discussion, dialogue or conversation are known as argumentation. Manually extracting argument relations in today's information-overloaded world is time-consuming, knowledge-intensive and prone to prejudice. Argument mining's overall purpose is to automatically identify and extract arguments as well as their relationships from huge unstructured data that may be used by a reasoning engine or computational model. Individual and group decisions, text summarization, corporate and governmental analyses and so on all benefit from it. Many attempts have been made to forecast argument relations for various languages. The majority of the research however focused on English and other European languages. Argument mining has two key subtasks: argument component and relation categorization (predictions). The study is conducted by supervised machine learning to design and execute argument relation prediction for the Afaan Oromo language in this study. Preprocessing is a component of the proposed system that removes superfluous data and prepares the input for the next component of the learning algorithm. Discourse marker features are generated using feature generation. Finally, for argument relation prediction tasks, feature extraction was employed to extract specific features. To test the argument relation prediction the research task consists of five tests with three classes and two classes utilizing supervised learning methods and 840 argumentative statements. From the result the acquired greatest weighted averages of F-score 85 percent and 81 percent in experiments in three and two classes respectively using Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Perceptron from the experiments. According to the findings, utilizing three-class predicting for MLP classifiers is a better learning classifier for Afaan Oromo argument relation prediction task. Keywords: Argument, Argument mining, Argument Relation Prediction, Word2vec, Discourse Marker, Proposition Similarity. https://zenodo.org/record/13941 10.20372/nadre:13941 oai:zenodo.org:13941 doi:10.20372/nadre:13940 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Argument Mining From Afaan Oromo Argumentative Texts Using Supervised Approach info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13933 2025-07-29T11:51:37Z user-20-25

BY BULTUME JOTE BINAGDE 2025-07-02 MAJOR ADVISOR: ABABE SHANKO (PhD CANDEDATE) The study's purpose was to identify the challenges, possibilities, and prospects of SMEs in the Nunu Kumba district and then give recommendations based on those problems. Primary data was collected from 166 SMEs in 300 enterprises in the Nunu Kumba district. This study conducted by descriptive survey research design with the qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The study covers nearly each of the sectors identified by the Nunu Kumba District Administration's SMEs office. As a consequence, the study highlighted the main barriers to SMEs' development while accounting for all industries. This was accomplished by gathering data from primary and secondary sources. The questionnaire was used as the primary data collection tool, supported by interviews. The data was identified using frequency and distribution tables, as well as percentage and frequency approaches. The empirical studies identify major problems that appear to affect the performance of SMEs in the Nunu Kumba district, including financial challenges, insufficient infrastructure in the study area, marketing challenges, management competency challenges, and human capital challenges, in that order. My research found that the challenges and problems of SMEs in the Nunu Kumba area have several centres and so can only be adequately addressed by a broad and coordinated effort by all stakeholders. Governments and their agencies, banks, regulatory bodies, tax authorities, employees of SMEs, multilateral and bilateral organizations and funders. Key Words: Small and Medium Enterprises, prospective, challenges, NunuKumba. https://zenodo.org/record/13933 10.20372/nadre:13933 oai:zenodo.org:13933 doi:10.20372/nadre:13932 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opensource.org/licenses/openfont.html THE CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES) IN NUNU KUMBA DISTRICT, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13954 2025-07-29T12:01:00Z user-20-25

BY DASALE BATIRI BULA 2025-07-22 ADVISOR: ADUGNA HUNDE (PHD CANDIDATE) This study investigates the effects of career development practices on employee job satisfaction in public sectors of Genji district, Oromia regionemploying descriptive and explanatory research design with a quantitative approach. Using simple random sampling technique, data were collected from 206 employees through structured questionnaire. The research examined four key career development practices: skill development, goal-setting, mentorship, and support practices. Multiple regression analysis revealed that these practices collectively explain 79.3% of the variance in job satisfaction, with all four emerging as significant predictors. Career mentoring practices demonstrated the strongest influence (β = 0.48, p < .001), followed by skill development (β = 0.41, p < .001), career support (β = 0.35, p < .001), and goal setting (β = 0.047, p < .001). Correlation analysis further confirmed significant positive relationships between all career development practices and job satisfaction. The findings underscore the critical role of institutional support in fostering job satisfaction and highlight the importance of an integrated approach to career development in the study area. Based on these results, recommendations include enhancing institutional support, investing in skill development programs, formalizing mentorship initiatives, and refining goal-setting processes. This research contributes to the understanding of career development in a public sector setting and provides valuable insights for sector administrators and policymakers. By implementing targeted career development strategies, institutions can potentially improve job satisfaction, retention, and overall work performance among their staff. Keywords: Career development, job satisfaction https://zenodo.org/record/13954 10.20372/nadre:13954 oai:zenodo.org:13954 doi:10.20372/nadre:13953 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-pddl THE EFFECTS OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION IN PUBLIC SECTORS OF GENJI DISTRICT, OROMIA REGION info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13950 2025-07-29T11:57:59Z user-20-25

By: DABA WAKJIRA 2025-07-24 ADVISOR: LAMESSA D. (Assist .Professor) The main aim of this study is examine determinants of households saving behavior in Nekemte town. Primary data was obtained from 390 households using questionnaire and binary logistic regression model was employed to analyze the data. The results of the study ultimately reveals that the sex, educational level, family size and number of dependents in the family have significant negative effect on the households‘ saving behavior while, income, households access to credit, households‘ financial plan, work type (occupation),Thus, the study recommends government and respective bodies to take actions to minimize the effects of those factors that are negatively affecting and to improve those factors that are helping the households to save more. The result demonstrates that out of the total sampled households 43.1% of them are involved in saving activity while the remaining was not because of with respecting inflicting. The study indicates that households headed by a female, total income, education level, awareness of interest rate, and access to credit have a positive and significant effect on the probability of household saving. Keywords: household saving behavior, binary logistic regression model, Nekemte town https://zenodo.org/record/13950 10.20372/nadre:13950 oai:zenodo.org:13950 doi:10.20372/nadre:13942 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-odbl DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD SAVING BEHAVIOR: IN CASE OF NEKEMTE CITY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13943 2025-07-29T11:57:59Z user-20-25

By: DABA WAKJIRA 2025-07-24 ADVISOR: LAMESSA D. (Assist .Professor) The main aim of this study is examine determinants of households saving behavior in Nekemte town. Primary data was obtained from 390 households using questionnaire and binary logistic regression model was employed to analyze the data. The results of the study ultimately reveals that the sex, educational level, family size and number of dependents in the family have significant negative effect on the households‘ saving behavior while, income, households access to credit, households‘ financial plan, work type (occupation),Thus, the study recommends government and respective bodies to take actions to minimize the effects of those factors that are negatively affecting and to improve those factors that are helping the households to save more. The result demonstrates that out of the total sampled households 43.1% of them are involved in saving activity while the remaining was not because of with respecting inflicting. The study indicates that households headed by a female, total income, education level, awareness of interest rate, and access to credit have a positive and significant effect on the probability of household saving. Keywords: household saving behavior, binary logistic regression model, Nekemte town https://zenodo.org/record/13943 10.20372/nadre:13943 oai:zenodo.org:13943 doi:10.20372/nadre:13942 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-odbl DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD SAVING BEHAVIOR: IN CASE OF NEKEMTE CITY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13962 2025-07-29T12:04:44Z user-20-25

By: Dani'el Fikadu 2025-08-24 Adviser: Keno T (PhD) The main objective of this study is to examine determinants of customers’ bank selection decisions in the case of Nekemte town. This study focused on nine branches of commercial banks operating in Nekemte town. The total target population of this study is customers of the branches selected banks. Through a non-probability convenience sampling technique selected 380 samples from total target population. In this study mixed approach is used. This study also used both descriptive and explanatory research designs. Primary and secondary data were consumed to conduct this study. This employs a cross-sectional survey design and mainly conducted based on data collected from questionnaires and interviews. Six factors, including 18 attributes on a five- point Likert scale were used to measure the customer bank choice. With the help of Statistical Packages for Social Scientists (SPSS v 25), data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Ordered logistic regressions model applied in this study the multiple regression results revealed that technology, bank image, and product/service quality had a positive and significant impact on bank selection decisions in Nekemte town. This suggests that customers are more likely to choose banks that are technologically advanced, have a strong and trusted image, and offer high-quality services and products. However, promotion had a negative and significant relationship with bank selection. This implies that current promotional efforts may not align with customer expectations or may lack clarity, effectiveness, or relevance. Based on the findings, it is recommended that banks in Nekemte town focus on increasing the number of branches and enhancing promotional activities to improve visibility and accessibility. Keywords: Bank Selection Criteria, Customer Decision Making, Nekemte Town https://zenodo.org/record/13962 10.20372/nadre:13962 oai:zenodo.org:13962 doi:10.20372/nadre:13961 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opensource.org/licenses/opengroup.php DETERMINANTS OF CUSTOMER BANK SELECTION DECISION: A CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NEKEMTE TOWN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13976 2025-07-29T12:11:52Z user-20-25

ARARSA MASHU SHARU 2024-02-27 ADVISOR: OLJIRA KENEA (PhD) ABSTRACT Botanical larvicides are a promising alternative for malaria vector control due to their ease of availability and non-toxic nature against non-target organisms. The purpose of this study was to determine the larvicidal activities of Phytolacca dodecandra and Melia azedarach seed powders against wild Anopheles species in western Ethiopia. Extractions were done with aqueous and methanol solvents. A randomized experimental design was conducted using 1140 wild-collected 3rd instar larvae of Anopheles spp. Data were analyzed using SSPS (oneway ANOVA, probity analysis, and chi-square). When using a single methanol extract, the greatest death rates were recorded in Melia azedarach compared to Phytolacca dodecandra seed products. According to the current findings, the most harmful crude extract with the lowest median lethal concentration values to kill Anopheles species larvae was methanol extracts when combined with Melia azedarach and Phytolacca dodecandra (LC95, 3.368 g/ml) and (LC50, 1.009 g/ml). Whereas, less toxic crude extract with high lethal concentration values against Anopheles species larva was aqueous extracts of Phytolacca dodecandra, (LC95, 112.52g/ml) and (LC50, 6.64g/ml).The mortality rate increased with concentration and combination of the botanicals. This study concludes that higher concentrations of methanol extracts of Phytolacca dodecandra and Melia azedarach seed combined were promising tools to control, larval malaria vector Anopheles species. This study recommended making the public aware of both P. dodecandra and M. azedarach to fight malaria because the utilization of these companies was more effective in controlling the malaria vector. Key Word - Anopheles species, Larvicidal, Lethal Concentration, Melia azedarach, Phytochemicals, Phytolacca dodecandra https://zenodo.org/record/13976 10.20372/nadre:13976 oai:zenodo.org:13976 doi:10.20372/nadre:13975 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LARVACIDAL ACTIVITIES OF ENDOD (Phytolacca dodecandra) AND CHINABERRY (Melia azederach) AGAINST WILD ANOPHELES SPECIES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN BAKO TIBE DISTRICT, WESTERN OROMIA, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13970 2025-07-29T12:07:53Z user-20-25

By:Garoma Tilahun Rumicha Advisor: Abebe 2025-07-25 Advisor: Abebe Shanko (PhD Candidate) This study investigates the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction with reference to the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) branches in Nekemte Town, Oromia Region. The study’s population consists of customers from the CBE branches in Nekemte Town who have used any banking product or service offered by CBE. A sample of 203 customers was selected from those who have used at least one product or service of the bank. both primary and secondary data source was utilized: primary data was collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with customers and branch managers, business managers and branch banking business officers respectively whereas secondary data was Obtained from the bank’s annual reports and relevant academic literature.Data was collected using structured questionnaires designed to measure both service quality and customer satisfaction. The research utilized a quantitative approach, collecting data through surveys distributed to customers in the selected CBE branches. The collected data was analysed using SPSS version 29.02 software, employing various statistical tools to elaborate on the study's objectives. The findings were offer valuable insights into how service quality directly affects customer perceptions and satisfaction, helping CBE improve its service offerings and enhance customer loyalty. Reliability was found to have the most significant Effect on customer satisfaction. While Tangibility was found to have a lesser Effect on satisfaction, it is still important. Finally, CBE should encourage continuous research and development in customer service practices. To enhance responsiveness, CBE should streamline its processes to ensure faster response times to inquiries and complaints, both in-person and through digital channels. Keywords: Service Quality, CBE, SERVQUAL, Customer Satisfaction, Bank. https://zenodo.org/record/13970 10.20372/nadre:13970 oai:zenodo.org:13970 doi:10.20372/nadre:13969 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-odbl EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN COMMERCIAL BANK OF ETHIOPIA: THE CASE OF NEKEMTE CITY BRANCHES info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13978 2025-07-29T12:11:12Z user-20-25

BY: BIRHANU TADESE 2025-04-09 ADVISOR: PROF.RADHA KRISHNA MURTHY This study aims to investigate the impact of Total Quality Management (TQM) on operational performance at the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Nakamte District. The research examines the relationship between TQM practices, including continuous improvement, customer focus, training and education, technology adoption, and employee involvement, and operational performance indicators such as service delivery, competitiveness, quality service delivery, waste reduction, and employee efficiency with a particular focus on evaluating improvements in service quality, transaction efficiency, cost management, and customer satisfaction. Using a mixed-method approach, the study analyzes quantitative data from performance metrics and qualitative insights from interviews with bank managers and staff. The study uses a descriptive and inferential survey design and collects data from 380 respondents. The results show that continuous improvement, customer focus, and employee involvement have the strongest relationships with operational performance. The study concludes that TQM practices are essential for improving operational performance in the banking industry and recommends that Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Nekemte District, prioritize TQM implementation to enhance its operational efficiency and effectiveness. The findings of this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge on TQM and operational performance and provide insights for bank managers and policymakers seeking to improve operational performance in the banking industry. The research provides valuable insights into the practical benefits and limitations of TQM in banking, offering recommendations for banks seeking to optimize their operational performance through quality management practices. Key words: Total Quality Management (TQM), Operational Performance, Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Continuous Improvement, Training and Education, Customer Focus, Technology Adoption, Employee Involvement. https://zenodo.org/record/13978 10.20372/nadre:13978 oai:zenodo.org:13978 doi:10.20372/nadre:13977 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opensource.org/licenses/openfont.html EFFECTS OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT ON OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE (THE CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANK OF ETHIOPIA NAKAMTE DISTRICT) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13986 2025-07-29T12:14:02Z user-20-25

By: Gemechu Lenjisa 2025-07-11 Advisor :Temesgen Desta (Asst professor) This study investigates how Nekemte City Municipality employees' job satisfaction is affected by performance appraisal systems. Evaluating the impact of the performance appraisal system on job satisfaction is its main objective. Furthermore, the study seeks to determine how staff members see the system as a whole and its essential elements, such as standard setting, assessment forms, feedback methods, appeal procedures, and general attitudes about the system. This study employed a mixed research design, combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches to gain a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between performance appraisal and employee job satisfaction in Nekemte City Administration. A questionnaire was used to gather information from 186 municipal workers, and secondary data about the performance appraisal system was taken from the sector administration handbook. The findings indicate that clarity of appraisal criteria, fairness in evaluation, feedback quality, and the use of results for employee development significantly affect job satisfaction levels. Conversely, lack of transparency and perceived bias in appraisals were found to demotivate employees and lower satisfaction. The study concludes that an effective and fair performance appraisal system is essential for enhancing employee morale, retention, and productivity. Recommendations are provided for policy makers and human resource managers to improve the appraisal processes in the city administration to better align with employee expectations and organizational goals. Key words:- Employee Motivation, Employee Perception, Fairness in Evaluation ,Feedback Mechanism, Job Satisfaction, Nekemte City Administration, Organizational Performance, Performance Appraisa https://zenodo.org/record/13986 10.20372/nadre:13986 oai:zenodo.org:13986 doi:10.20372/nadre:13985 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-pddl EFFECT OF PERFORMANCE APPRISAL ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION; THE CASE OF NEKEMTE CITY ADMINSTRATION info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13945 2025-07-29T11:59:44Z user-20-25

Adugna Gemechu (ID: SGSGR/17/045) 2021-07-29 Major Advisor: Dr.Getachew Mamo Co-Advisor:Mr.Misganu Tuse Word prediction is a popular machine learning task, which consists of predicting the next word in sequence of words. Literature shows that word sequence prediction could play a great role in real life applications including electronic based data entry. Word prediction deals with guessing what word comes after, based on some current information, and it is the main focus of this study. Even though Afaan Oromo is used by a large number of populations, few works are done on the topic of word sequence prediction. Previous works on word prediction shows that statistical methods are not enough with highly inflected language and needs syntactical information. In this study, we developed Afaan Oromo word sequence prediction following the Design science research methodology with statistical methods using Conditional Random Field. We used 225,352 words 150,000, phrases to train the model by incorporating detailed parts of speech, for stem/Root and morphological features respectively. The experiments were CRF model on a window size of three, five and seven. We explained the efficacy of Stem/Root Word, morphological feature, and part of speech tag in Afaan Oromo word sequence prediction. Evaluation was performed using developed model and keystroke savings (KSS) as a metrics. According to our test, prediction results using a CRF with detailed Parts of Speech tag model has higher KSS and performed slightly better compared to those without Parts of Speech tag. Therefore, statistical approach with detailed POS with window size of seven has good potential on word sequence prediction for Afaan Oromo language. Keywords: Word sequence prediction, Stem/Root, Parts of Speech, CRF https://zenodo.org/record/13945 10.20372/nadre:13945 oai:zenodo.org:13945 doi:10.20372/nadre:13944 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by WORD SEQUENCE PREDICTION FOR AFAAN OROMO USING CONDITIONAL RANDAM FIELD APPROACH info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:14004 2025-07-29T12:22:38Z user-20-25

BY GIRMA URGESA 2025-07-14 ADVISOR: MISGANU GETAHUN (PhD) The primary objective of this study was to analyze the effect of talent management practices on employee retention at Wallaga University, focusing on specific practices such as talent planning, engagement, development, and audits. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between talent management practices and employee retention. The target population included the academic staff members of Wallaga University, totaling 1,237 individuals. Stratified random sampling was utilized to ensure representation across different academic ranks within the university, resulting in a sample size of 293 respondents. The study utilized primary data collected from structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with university leadership and HR officials. Data were collected through a combination of closed-ended and open-ended questionnaires, along with semi-structured interviews conducted with key stakeholders. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software, including regression analysis and correlation analysis, to evaluate the impact of talent management practices on employee retention. The study achieved a high response rate of 93.85%, with 275 out of 293 distributed questionnaires returned. The major findings revealed moderate satisfaction with recruitment processes and talent development initiatives, while areas for improvement were identified in succession planning. A generally positive outlook on retention was observed, but concerns regarding turnover management and work culture were highlighted. Effective talent planning was linked to improved retention rates, emphasizing the need for structured frameworks. High levels of employee engagement correlated positively with retention, indicating its importance in retention strategies. Strong support for talent development initiatives was associated with enhanced employee commitment and retention, while regular talent audits were perceived as beneficial for identifying skill gaps and enhancing employee satisfaction. In conclusion, the study found that effective talent management practices, particularly in talent development and engagement, significantly enhance employee retention at Wallaga University. Addressing gaps in communication and succession planning is vital for fostering a more committed workforce. Recommendations include implementing robust training programs, enhancing communication strategies, conducting regular talent audits, and promoting a culture of recognition and support for professional development. Key Words: Talent Management, Employee Retention, Wallaga University, Talent Development, Employee Engagement, Talent Audit, Higher Education. https://zenodo.org/record/14004 10.20372/nadre:14004 oai:zenodo.org:14004 doi:10.20372/nadre:14003 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-pddl THE EFFECT OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION: THE CASE OF WALLAGA UNIVERSITY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:14008 2025-07-29T12:24:55Z user-20-25

BY KEBA ADIMASU MOGOR 2025-07-15 MAJOR ADVISER: KEFYALW WAKTOLE (PHD) The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between community participation and school performance in Haro limu woreda primary schools which was found in Eest Wollega Zone. To meet the objectives of the study, correlational research design was employed, and three research questions were developed to guide the study. To achieve this study’s objectives mixed research approach and correlational research design were applied. Data was gathered from primary and secondary source of information. The the woreda was clustered in to eight clusters and one schools were selected from each cluster using sample random sampling, In this study 160 teachers, eight principals and eight PSTA members from each eight primary schools were participated using availability and purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as the main tool of data collection. Interview and document analysis were used to substantiate the data gathered through questionnaires. Both descriptive (percentage means and standard divisions and inferential statistics /one way ANOVA /,Pearson correlation were used to analysis the data using SPSS version 24. The findings of the study showed that Community participation over all (GM= 1.89 and, SD=0.59) which revealed that low level. The finding revealed that the school performance over all (GM=1.88 and SD= 0.53) which was at low level. The study also found positive and significant relationship between Community participation and school performance (r =.0.913**) ,p=0.000 < 0.01, n=160). Based on the finding it is therefore, recommended that ,monitoring activities undertaken based on input process and output standards set and parents, teachers, school leaders and community members need to get adequate training and workshop that enable them work together to maximize their participation and achieve their duties and responsibilities effectively. Besides, it is better to give feedback for the community about their involvement and acknowledged for the efforts they made to support the school, in turn it encourages them and renews their motivation for further cooperation. Key terms: Community participation, School performance, Primary school https://zenodo.org/record/14008 10.20372/nadre:14008 oai:zenodo.org:14008 doi:10.20372/nadre:14007 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opensource.org/licenses/osl-3.0.php THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEEN COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ANDSCHOOL PERFORMANCE IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF HARO LIMU WOREDA, EAST WOLLEGA ZONE. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13996 2025-07-29T12:19:55Z user-20-25

AYANA ABERA 2019-10-17 MAJOR ADVISOR: DINKISA KENO (PhD) CO-ADVISOR: ADUGNA HUNDE (PhD CAN.) Financial institutions in Ethiopia are playing an important role in economic growth strategies initiated by the government of Ethiopia. These institutions have a mission of creating and facilitating deposit and other financial schemes to enhance self-employment opportunities and poverty reduction. The study was designed at identifying and analyzing the total population of 106 employee‘s of PCBs which are Awash, Co-operative, Oromia international, Buna, Abyssinia, Dashan, Hibrat, Brahan, Nib banks are evaluated on factors that affects deposit mobilization of private commercial banks and individual employees using the structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and national banks five years ‗report. To address the main objectives of the study Gimbi town nine private commercial banks employees and managers was selected for primary data collection through questionnaire and interview. Regarding the secondary data, the study used time series data for analysis made using multiple linear regression method. Accordingly, in order to achieve this objective census of respondent (employees working in private commercial banks) were taken. Furthermore, the study was employed descriptive and inferential design. The descriptive statistics analysis and multiple linear regression models were employed to estimate the model and analyze the results of findings. The result shows independent variables were significantly and positively affecting deposit growth. Moreover, awareness raising, service quality and technology factors, interest rate and government policy and regulation are the factors positively influence performance of private commercial banks deposit mobilization. Thus, it is recommended that the private banks should focus on monitoring mobilization systems of depositors and technical support needs of the target customers through delivering better awareness raising to organize more feasible deposit, close supervision and follow-ups and strengthening their internal and external weaknesses through better integration with key partner stakeholder. Key word/Phrases: Private Commercial banks, Deposit mobilization, Commercial banks https://zenodo.org/record/13996 10.20372/nadre:13996 oai:zenodo.org:13996 doi:10.20372/nadre:13995 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by FACTORS AFFECTING DEPOSIT MOBILIZATION OF PRIVATE COMMERCIAL BANK THE CASE OF GIMBI TOWN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:14000 2025-07-29T12:20:09Z user-20-25

BY: GIRMA TAYE 2025-07-12 ADVISOR: ADUGNA T. (PHD CANDIDATE) The primary aim of this study was to examine the effect of leadership styles on improving workers' performance, focusing on the case of Nekemte City Municipality. A quantitative research approach was adopted to explore this effect. Descriptive and explanatory research designs were employed, using the census method to facilitate the distribution of questionnaires to the entire target population. Data collection was carried out using a 5-point Likert Scale close-ended questionnaire, with a total of 33 items administered to 116 respondents and only 115 has responded. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS Version 25. The findings revealed a strong, positive, and significant correlation between leadership styles and overall workers' performance, with the independent variables in the study explaining 84% of the variation in performance. Respondents expressed general satisfaction with the leadership styles in use namely, Transformational, Servant, Participative, Charismatic, and Adaptive Leadership. This satisfaction underscores the effectiveness of these styles in creating a positive work environment and enhancing performance. As Nekemte City Municipality continues to grow, maintaining and refining these leadership styles will remain critical. To address challenges related to leadership's impact on performance, it is recommended that the municipality emphasize participative leadership, as this style showed the strongest contribution to performance improvement. Leaders should actively involve employees in decision-making processes. Furthermore, continuous training and development programs should be provided to equip leaders with a robust skill set across various leadership styles. By aligning leadership approaches with workforce needs and adapting over time, the municipality can foster a dynamic and responsive leadership framework that sustains performance improvement. Key Words: leadership style, Nekemte City Municipality, Oromia, Ethiopia https://zenodo.org/record/14000 10.20372/nadre:14000 oai:zenodo.org:14000 doi:10.20372/nadre:13999 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-odbl EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON IMPROVING WORKERS PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF NEKEMTE CITY MUNICIPALITY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13992 2025-07-29T12:17:32Z user-20-25

BY GETAHUN NEMERA 2025-07-09 Advisor: Temesgen Desta (Assistant Professor) The primary goal of this study was to evaluate significant quality management issues and techniques in building construction projects. Both descriptive and explanatory researches, together with primary and secondary data, were used in the study to accomplish this goal. In order to collect data, questionnaires, interviews, and document reviews were used. Additionally, purposive sampling techniques were used to draw its samples. The design of the survey was informed by the information gathered from the project's document review as well as the literature. 54 members of the project implementation team were specifically selected to receive the survey questionnaire; 54 of them responded, resulting in a 91.67% response rate. SPSS, which stands for Statistical Package for Social Science, was used to analyze the survey data. Frequency, percentage, and tables were used to analyze the generated data. The study's findings suggest that not all phases, instruments, and methods of quality management are applied in building construction projects. The primary quality management methods and procedures used to regulate project quality are inspections since they are the only ones they employ. According to the study, a number of quality assurance procedures were used, beginning with the establishment of project goals and continuing through task monitoring, primarily at a monthly or quarterly level with management members' participation. Additionally, it was determined that the following were the main obstacles to quality management: a lack of a quality management policy, rights of way, unreasonable deadlines, poor contractor performance, and insufficient managerial assistance. In order to successfully implement the whole project quality management process, enhance management participation, and cultivate project management abilities, the research also recommended that building construction projects have their own quality management policy. Key words: Quality, Quality management, Quality management process, top management https://zenodo.org/record/13992 10.20372/nadre:13992 oai:zenodo.org:13992 doi:10.20372/nadre:13991 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: THE CASE OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN NEKEMTE TOWN MA THESIS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:14014 2025-07-29T12:29:29Z user-20-25

BY: KEBENA SHUMETA 2025-07-27 ADIVISOR: HASHIM T. (ASSISTANT PROFESSOR) The main objective of this study was to assess the determinants of tax compliance the case of category ‘B’ Business Income Tax Payers in Nekemte town. The study was employed based on explanatory approach using survey method which helps the researcher to gather a large variety of data related to the problem under consideration. The primary data was collected using Likert scale questionnaires distributed to the category ‘B’ Business Income Tax Payers in Nekemte town. The researcher utilized stratified random sampling for selecting kebeles of the town and simple random sampling techniques to select the participants. A sample size of 192 has been drawn from the tax payers of category ‘B’ Business Income Tax Payers in the town. The descriptive statistics was used to analyze the tax compliance and inferential analysis (multiple regression analysis) to determine the cause and effect relationship Independent variables on dependent variable. The logistic regression model used was estimated to analyze the binary choice dependent variable. According to the regression output education level of respondents, year of business experience, perception of gov’t spending and awareness about tax, penalty and perceived the role of government significantly and positively affect tax compliance. The remaining sex, age and complexity of tax system negatively related with tax compliance and their contribution was statistically insignificant. The results of this study also offer specific insights and enable policymakers to gain improved understanding of key variables that are significantly related to tax compliance and enable them to implement proper strategies to minimize potentially harmful factors, as well as improve tax collections for government. Thus, these factors should be given due attention to enhance taxpayers’ compliance and improve government’s revenue collection. Key words: Tax, tax compliance, tax payers, income tax https://zenodo.org/record/14014 10.20372/nadre:14014 oai:zenodo.org:14014 doi:10.20372/nadre:14013 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opensource.org/licenses/opengroup.php DETERMINANTS OF TAX COMPLIANCE: THE CASE OF CATEGORY 'B' BUSINESS INCOME TAX PAYERS IN NEKEMTE TOWN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:14002 2025-07-29T12:22:43Z user-20-25

Asebe Daba Gurmu 2019-10-09 Major Advisor: Boka Kumsa (Ph D) ABSTRACT Systems with delays appear frequently in engineering; typical examples of time-delay systems are communication networks, chemical processes. The presence of delay makes systems analysis and control design much more complicated. In this thesis, the problem of stability analysis is investigated for linear continuous singular systems with state delays in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Some improved delay conditions are presented to ensure the considered system to be regular, impulse free, stable and admissible via an augmented Lyapunov functional and integrals inequalities. Keywords: Linear systems, Continuous systems, Singular systems, Time-delay systems, Lyapunov stability https://zenodo.org/record/14002 10.20372/nadre:14002 oai:zenodo.org:14002 doi:10.20372/nadre:14001 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by STABILITY ANALYSIS OF LINEAR CONTINUOUS SINGULAR SYSTEMS WITH STATE DELAY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:14006 2025-07-29T12:25:25Z user-20-25

BERHANU NEMERA 2019-10-10 Major Advisor: Boka Kumsa (PhD) Co-Advisor: Alemu Geleta (PhD) This thesis considers the observer design problem for a class of nonlinear descriptor systems whose nonlinear terms are slope-restricted. The full-order observer is designed as a nonlinear descriptor system. A linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition is derived to construct the full-order observer. The existence and uniqueness of the solution to the obtained observer system are guaranteed. The reduced-order observer is also designed under the same linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition and common assumptions. .Furthermore, the design method are reduced to a strict linear matrix inequality (LMI) problem based algorithms. Finally the numerical examples were solved to verify the effectiveness of the result. Keywords: Descriptor systems, slope-restricted nonlinearities, observer, linear matrix inequality (LMI), full-order, reduced-order. https://zenodo.org/record/14006 10.20372/nadre:14006 oai:zenodo.org:14006 doi:10.20372/nadre:14005 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by OBSERVER FOR DISCRIPTOR SYSTEM WITH SLOPE- RESTRICTED NONLINEARITIES info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:14019 2025-07-29T12:34:32Z user-20-25

By MISGANU TESFAYE 2025-06-09 ADVISOR: DIRIBA GIRMA (Assi.Prof.) The aim of this study was to analyze the factors affecting credit risk in microfinance institutions, a case of Wasasa Microfinance Institution in Nekemte Town, Ethiopia. The study employed a mixed-methods design with both quantitative and qualitative research methods to investigate the complexity of credit default risk. The targeted population was Wasasa Microfinance Institution's borrowers and employees, totaling 2,563 borrowers and 23 employees. Simple random sampling was used in picking the participants from the borrower population to give each individual an equal chance of being chosen. The sample size was 346 borrowers and 23 employees, totaling 369 participants. Primary data were collected through surveys and interviews, while secondary data were collected from academic journals and institutional reports. SPSS software was utilized to perform both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, and thematic analysis for qualitative data to uncover major patterns and findings. The questionnaire achieved a response rate of 87.70%, with 300 questionnaires being returned out of 346 issued. The key findings show that risk assessment methods have the strongest positive impact on reducing loan default, with a standardised coefficient of 0.856, indicating great importance; loan size has a weak relationship with default, with a coefficient of -0.253, suggesting more secured, bigger loans default less; local economic conditions strongly influence defaults, with a coefficient of 0.208, suggesting better macroeconomic conditions reduce default risk; and borrower demographics, with a coefficient of 0.178, also have an influence on default rates but weaker. In particular, age, education, and income levels were identified to influence repayment behavior towards loan repayment, whereas larger loan sizes and higher interest rates were associated with greater default risk. Robust risk assessment processes played an important role in reducing the default rates, and economic indicators such as unemployment and inflation adversely affected the repayment ability of the borrowers. The study concludes that a comprehensive risk management strategy—adopting effective risk assessment, prudent loan design, and consideration of macroeconomic factors—is necessary to reduce credit default risk at Wasasa Microfinance Institution. Based on the findings, several strategic interventions are recommended, including consolidating risk assessment processes, designing loans against feasible collateral needs, adhering to external economic indicators, enhancing financial literacy programs, and encouraging open communication with clients. Keywords: Credit Default Risk, Microfinance Institutions, Wasasa MFI, Borrower Demographics, Risk Assessment, Loan Characteristics, Local Economic Conditions. https://zenodo.org/record/14019 10.20372/nadre:14019 oai:zenodo.org:14019 doi:10.20372/nadre:14018 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opensource.org/licenses/openfont.html FACTORS AFFECTING CREDIT RISK OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN CASE OF WASASA MFI INSTITUTIONS IN NEKEMTE TOWN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:14025 2025-07-29T12:36:44Z user-20-25

BY SHUMETEWELDE 2025-07-27 ADVISOR:ADUGNAHUNDE(PhDCAND.) The study aimed to assess the effectofemployee retention mechanisms on organizationalperformance,withaspecificfocusontheCommercialBankofEthiopia intheNekemteDistrict.Employeeretentioniscriticalformaintainingproductivityand minimizingturnovercosts;however,thespecificimpactsofretentionstrategieson organizationalperformanceremainunclearinthiscontext.Anexplanatoryresearch designwasutilizedtoinvestigatethecausalrelationshipsbetweenthesemechanisms andperformanceoutcomes.Thetargetpopulationcomprisedemployeesfrom selected branchesoftheCommercialBankofEthiopia,totaling233individuals.Acombinationof simplerandom andstratifiedsamplingtechniqueswasemployed,resultinginasample sizeof147employees.Bothprimaryandsecondarydatawerecollected,withprimary datasourcedfrom structuredquestionnairesandinterviews,whilesecondarydatawere gatheredfrom existingliterature.Datacollectioninvolvedstructuredquestionnaires featuringLikert-scaleitemsandopen-endedquestions,supplementedbyinterviews withmanagement.Thedatawereanalyzedusingdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics, includingcorrelationandregressionanalyses,processedbySPSSsoftwareversion26. Thestudyachievedaresponserateof92.5%,with136completedquestionnaires returned.Keyfindingsrevealthatcompetitivecompensationpackageshaveastrong positivecorrelationwithorganizationalperformance(Pearsoncoefficient=0.831,p< 0.01).Traininganddevelopmentprogramsalsosignificantlyenhanceperformance (Pearsoncoefficient=0.826,p<0.01).Employeeempowermentshowsamoderate positivecorrelationwithperformance(Pearsoncoefficient=0.194,p<0.05),while performanceappraisalsexhibitaweaknegativecorrelation(β=-0.157),indicating potentialissues.Thestudyconcludesthatcompetitivecompensation,effectivetraining, andpositiveworkenvironmentsarecrucialforenhancingorganizationalperformance, suggestingareasforfutureresearchtoexplorecausativeeffects.Recommendations includereviewingcompensationpackages,investingintraining,fosteringasupportive workenvironment,andimprovingperformanceappraisalsystemstobetteralignwith organizationalgoals. Keywords:Employeeretention,organizationalperformance,compensationpackages, employeeempowerment,traininganddevelopment,workenvironment,performance appraisal,CommercialBankofEthiopia. https://zenodo.org/record/14025 10.20372/nadre:14025 oai:zenodo.org:14025 doi:10.20372/nadre:14024 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opensource.org/licenses/opengroup.php THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE RETENTION MECHANISMS ON ORGANIZATIONALPERFORMANCE:THECASEOFCOMMERCIALBANK OFETHIOPIA,NEKEMTEDISTRICT info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:14012 2025-07-29T12:31:10Z user-20-25

FIKADUWAKBEKA 2019-10-11 ajor Advisor: Dr. Neeraj Bali Co-Advisor: TemesgenDesta(MBA) Trade is familiar as important vehicles of economic growth, service making, income creation, and scarcity reduction. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the growth of traders in terms of profitability of traders in Bube town. Out of population 301 traders 178 sample was determined by simple random sampling technique and purposive sampling technique for employees. From questionnaires distributed 178 only 159 were properly filled and returned. Secondary data was collected by using systematic random sampling technique for 5 years panel data from the shelf and analyzed by using SPSS-version 20 soft ware. The study adopted explanatory research design and inferential statistics in which multiple regression analysis was applied to the data to examine the effects of explanatory variables on profitability of traders. The result of correlation analysis of the study shows that political, legal, technological, infrastructure, marketing, work premise and financial factors have strong positive significant with the growth of traders in terms of profitability. The result of regression analysis shows that financial and market factors affects positively the growth of traders in terms of profitability significantly at 1% level of significance. Work premise, technology and infrastructure factors affect positively the growth of traders in terms of profitability of traders significantly at 5% level of significance. The political and legal factors affect the growth of traders insignificantly in the study area. Based on the findings the researcher recommends that locality based approach for solving problems of traders through prioritizing the challenges as per their severity; give attention for better implementation of financial factors such as developing of their working capital, and government should facilitate loan application procedures of banks and other lending institutions for traders’ profitability in Bube town. The members of traders should give focus to improve technology in a business so as to get better credit of traders’ profitability in Bube town. Keywords: Growth, Traders, Profitability, Factors, Bube https://zenodo.org/record/14012 10.20372/nadre:14012 oai:zenodo.org:14012 doi:10.20372/nadre:14011 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by FACTORSAFFECTING THE GROWTH OF TRADERS IN THE CASE OF BUBETOWN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:14016 2025-07-29T12:31:57Z user-20-25

BY: LENSA WONDIMU 2025-07-18 Advisor KIBIRU TEKALGN (PHD) Candidate This research aims to explore the impact of strategy implementation on organizational performance, focusing on the case of the Cooperative Bank of Oromia S.C. located at the Nekemte town Ethiopia. Utilizing the five dimensions of strategy implementation strategic planning, resource allocation, implementation process, monitoring & adaptation, and financial performance of the study employs both descriptive and explanatory research designs. A sample size of 290 participants was selected. Out of the total target sample of 290 questionnaires distributed to selected employees at the Cooperative Bank's Nekemte district for the study, 261 questionnaires were returned, out of these 29 questionnaires not returned due to delayed responses from the participants. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires, yielding 261 responses. Descriptive analysis techniques, including mean and standard deviation calculations, were employed alongside multiple linear regression analysis conducted using SPSS software. Additionally, secondary data were collected from the bank's annual fiscal reports, and comparative analysis was performed to complement the primary data findings. The results revealed that the independent variables significantly influence organizational performance, with all five predictor variables demonstrating a significant effect on the Cooperative Bank of Oromia S.C.'s performance. Recommendations for the company include enhancing the strategic planning process, optimizing resource allocation, fostering employee involvement, strengthening feedback mechanisms, and focusing on liquidity management and asset quality. Keywords: Strategic Planning, Resource Allocation, Implementation Process, Monitoring & Adaptation, Financial Performance of an Organization. https://zenodo.org/record/14016 10.20372/nadre:14016 oai:zenodo.org:14016 doi:10.20372/nadre:14015 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opensource.org/licenses/osl-3.0.php EFFECT OF STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF COOPERATIVE BANK OF OROMIA NEKEMTE DISTRICT info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13960 2025-07-29T12:36:50Z user-20-25

By BUURE ALEMAYEHU KUMSA 2021-07-29 Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is a method for learning automatic translation using a single large Neural Network. It represents the entire translation process from beginning to end without the need for extra components like Statistical Machine Translation systems. The translation performance of Neural Machine Translation has been encouraging. It is now the accepted method in machine translation research. In this Research work, we applied Neural Machine Translation for English-Afaan Oromo Language pair. In particular, Attention-Based Mechanism was used for developing the machine translation system. Attention Mechanisms are being increasingly used to improve the performance of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) by selectively focusing on sub-parts of the sentence during translation. This capability also makes the Attentional Model superior in translating longer sentences. In order to achieve our objective, we implemented two systems the first system uses Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based model with use of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) type of Recurrent Neural Network architecture using encoder-decoder based language modeling and second, we implemented our Attention Based Recurrent Neural Network (ARNN) model by using Bi Directional Recurrent Neural Network model for English-Afaan Oromo language pair. Also, we collected parallel corpus for English-Afaan Oromo Language pair from different sources and divided into training and testing sets. We have used 80% of total dataset for training and 20% of total dataset for testing. After training and testing these systems on corresponding training and testing datasets, the Attention Based Recurrent Neural Network achieved 62.14 BLEU score on translation from English to Afaan Oromo and Recurrent Neural Network based approach achieved 40.48 BLEU score on translation from English to Afaan Oromo translation. As the results of the experiment confirmed that Attention Based Recurrent Neural Network model works better than non-Attention Recurrent Neural Network model system with increase of sentence length. Therefore, when longer sentence is the candidate, Attention Based Recurrent Neural Network model is the better choice than Recurrent Neural Network model. Keywords: Machine translation, English-Afaan Oromo machine translation, recurrent neural network (RNN), Attention Based Recurrent Neural (ARNN), bi-directional RNN machine translation, long short term memory (LSTM) https://zenodo.org/record/13960 10.20372/nadre:13960 oai:zenodo.org:13960 doi:10.20372/nadre:13959 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ATTENTION BASED ENGLISH-AFAAN OROMO NEURAL MACHINE TRANSLATION info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:14021 2025-07-29T12:36:41Z user-20-25

BASHA KELBESA GUDETA 2023-03-14 ADVISOR: ZELALEM ABDISA (PhD) ABSTRACT Coriandrum sativum belongs to the family Umbellifera/ Apiaceae is an annual culinary herb which is rich source of aroma compounds and essential oils with biologically active components. It has been cultivated in Ethiopia and will be used for flavoring, cooking, and fragrance rather than for medical purpose. The goal of this research is to compare the essential oil content isolated from Coriandrum Sativum seeds, leaves and stems using hydro distillation method and evaluation of their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The essential oil will be extracted from Coriandrum sativum seed, leaves and stem using hydro distillation method. The separated oil will be dried over sodium sulphate and qualitatively screened for the presence of few phytochemicals like terpenoids, flavonoids and steroids using standard procedures. The antibacterial activities of the essential oils will be determined using disc diffusion method against two gram-positive and two gram-negative bacterial strains. The absorbance of reaction mixture will be measured at 517 nm against DPPH solution in methanol. The chemical composition of the oil will be identified using GC-MS. Finally comparison with the essential oil composition of the same plant from few other countries will be made. Keywords: Extraction; Essential oil; phytochemical screening; Antibacterial; Antioxidant; GC-MS. https://zenodo.org/record/14021 10.20372/nadre:14021 oai:zenodo.org:14021 doi:10.20372/nadre:14020 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by GC-MS ANALYSES OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM CORIANDRUM SATIVUM SEED, LEAF AND STEM AND EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES: COMPARISON WITH SIMILAR REPORTS FROM SOME OTHER COUNTRIES info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:14049 2025-07-29T12:55:14Z user-20-25

Begna Yadeta 2019-10-09 Advisor: Tena Regasa (PhD) Abstract An ethnobotanical study of wild and semi-wild edible plants was conducted in Gida Ayana District, East Wollega zone Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were to identify and document wild and semi-wild edible plants and associated ethnobotanical knowledge of the local people. Related ethnobotanical data focused on wild and semi-wild edible plants were collected using focus group discussion, semistructured interview, and direct field observation. Informant consensus, direct matrix ranking and Preference ranking were conducted for cross checking and verification of the information and descriptive statistics using SPSS were used for data analysis. A total of 47 wild and semi wild edible plants species were collected and belongs to 41 genera and 30 families. The family Moraceae was characterized by the highest number of species (five species, 10.6%) followed by Asteraceae that donated three species (6.4%). Syzygium guineense (Myrtaceae) 73.1% of informants, Rubus steudneri (Rosaceae) 70.8% of informants, Carissa spinarum (Apocynaceae) 69.6% of informants were the highly cited wild and semi-wild edible plants. The average number of wild and semi-wild edible plants reported by men was more than that reported by women, and similarly elder members of the community also reported higher numbers of edible species than younger members (P<0.05). The key informants reported meaningfully higher mean number of edible species of wild and semi-wild edible plants than the general informants. children (47.3±1.14) and women (25.7±0.67) were the major gatherers followed by men (14.9±0.48) and all household members (12.1±0.47). The majority of respondents (44.45±0.96) reported that wild and semi-wild edible plants were consumed by children followed by men (23.06±0.41), any household (14.38±0.36%), women (11.59±0.31) and elders 6.53±0.25). Most of the wild and semi-wild edible plants species were shrubs signified with 21 species (42%) followed by trees 20 species (40%) and herbs with 9 species (18%). Most inhabitants mostly consumed fruits (57.4%) and leaves (14.8%) followed by young shoots (7. 4%). Based on multipurpose criteria Cordia africana, Vernonia amygdalina and Ekebergia capensis were the most commonly used multipurpose species. In this study the majority 32 (28.83%) of the wild and semi wild edible plant species were collected from wood lands followed by the forest 30 (27.03%) and the rest 26 (23.42%),15 (13.51%) and 8 (7.21%) were collected from Agricultural fields, Roadside and home garden respectively. Informants specified that wild and semiwild edible plants growing are under threat due to enlarged anthropogenic force. This requests for vital and cooperative actions to save the wild and semi- wild edible plants accessibility in the wild and their utilization by the community. Keywords : Conservation, Ethnobotany, Indigenous knowledge, Threat, Wild and semiwild edible plants https://zenodo.org/record/14049 10.20372/nadre:14049 oai:zenodo.org:14049 doi:10.20372/nadre:14048 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF WILD AND SEMI WILD EDIBLE PLANTS OF GIDA AYANA DISTRICT, EAST WOLLEGA ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:14033 2025-07-29T12:44:05Z user-20-25

BY TARIKU ABDISA 2025-07-17 ADVISOR:TEKALIGN BEKAMA (PhD CANDIDATE) Soil degradation is a major environmental and economic challenge affecting agricultural productivity and food security in Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was to assess factors affecting farmers’ decision to implement soil degradation response mechanisms in Jimma Geneti Woreda of Horro Guduru Wallaga Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. To achieve this objective, the researcher used a concurrent triangulation design of mixed research approaches. The data were collected from 317 sample household heads selected through multistage sampling techniques, and respondents were selected by simple random sampling methods. Data were gathered through questionnaires, key informant interviews, field observations and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means, graphs, and standard deviations, as well as a binary logit model using IBM SPSS version 25 for Windows. Qualitative data were analyzed by narration and descriptions. The findings reveal that 83% of respondents reported moderate to severe soil fertility decline, with over 60% experiencing food shortages due to declining crop yields. Soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and reduced agricultural output have significantly impacted household food availability. Farmers employing soil and water conservation (SWC) measures to reduce soil degradation in the study area were 1.73 times more likely to maintain better soil conditions, yet adoption remains low due to limited credit access, inadequate extension services, and weak institutional support. To mitigate these effects, the study recommends strengthening soil conservation initiatives, promoting sustainable farming practices, and increasing financial and technical support for smallholder farmers. Addressing these challenges is essential to enhancing agricultural resilience, improving food security, and ensuring sustainable land management in the region. Keywords: Soil Degradation, Food Security, Agricultural Productivity, Soil Conservation, Jimma Geneti Woreda https://zenodo.org/record/14033 10.20372/nadre:14033 oai:zenodo.org:14033 doi:10.20372/nadre:14032 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by ASSESSING FACTORS AFFECTING FARMERS' DECISION TO IMPLEMENT SOIL DEGRADATION RESPONSE MECHANISMS IN JIMMA GENETI WOREDA OF HORRO GUDURU WALLAGA ZONE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:14043 2025-07-29T12:50:18Z user-20-25

Ayana Tolasa 2022-07-05 Adviser: Asnake Lealem (PhD) ABSTRACT Coffee processing industries in Ethiopia are generating very large amount of pollutions in the water resources because they are disposing their effluent to the nearby water course without any treatment or partial treatment. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of effluents from wet coffee processing plants discharged into Kobara River. Three Composite Water samples from three sampling sites (Upstream, Discharge and Downstream) along the river course were collected and analyzed for physiochemical parameters: pH, temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, turbidity, COD, BOD, DO, nitrate and phosphate. A statistical analysis such as correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been carried out using SPSS software (version 20) and Microsoft Excel (2007). Downstream site recorded high values in BOD (1387.67 mg/L), COD(1818.67 mg/L),Nitrate- (21,20 mg/L),Total dissolved solid (276.33 mg/L), DO (4,43 mg/L) Total Suspended Solid (183.33 mg/L), and Turbidity (126.5 NTU) while low values were recorded in Phosphate(1.4766 mg/L), Electrical Conductivity) (251.33 µS/cm), Temperature (22.7 °C)) and pH (4.73 ).These results showed that the Downstream site to be the most polluted site. A comparison of the measured parameters with the national and international standards shows that most of the parameters measured are above the standards. The study has indicated that the domestic water quality of the river was significantly affected by the discharge of un-treated effluents and by-product from coffee washed plants. Therefore, it recommended that the government and other responsible authorities have to take appropriate corrective action and should support further study has to be conducted on other physical, chemical and untested biological parameters of significant health concern and identification of potential source of the contaminants of the river. Keywords: Kobara River, water quality, Wet Coffee Processing, river pollution. https://zenodo.org/record/14043 10.20372/nadre:14043 oai:zenodo.org:14043 doi:10.20372/nadre:14042 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/20-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-by EFFECT OF EFFLUENT GENERATED FROM WET COFFEE PROCESSING PLANT ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF RIVER WATER IN CASE OF GULLISO DISTRICT,WEST WOLLEGA ZONE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis .eJw1jkFvgjAYQP_Ld0ZDK6jltmXShG1kduFTuJiOVmRto4ESSYz_fb3sXd87vAeMWivI4iVLYpJu2Wq7pqvNhqwjGNvhau2pDxpybqeazqTheK4pmxTHROWMqIM1b8ecNMci3R9SIxzGNe1ec7O742_rP_Hyjpx44ZRU1a1Bt5-l3b38Y0SdtNRPFbdY2aIoHfsWWJQ_TlQfWAqI4CY7DRmNwNzl0I2QPcKzD0_TqIcFjRc0DZXTXirp5degz_0c7FX2J9XC8_kH-AVHYA.afjjiQ.CuL6cZlcCW3tXSN1zuQ5EjxOdjw