2026-05-04T18:20:48Z https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/oai2d

oai:zenodo.org:17380 2025-09-05T08:03:52Z user-006

TEMAM MOLISA LEJIBO 2025-09-05 Emigration affects socio-economic development of People’s influenced by it. The main goal of the concerned to examine the key factors that led to emigration from the Doyo Gena Woreda and its socioeconomic effects. To accomplish this goal composed qualitative and quantitative research design were applied with primary and secondary data sources. Preliminary data was collected from migrant sending, non-sending and labor social Affairs Bureaus from study area. Secondary data were collected from relevant literatures, documents, internet and books. The data was gathered purposively from three selected Keble‘s Bakafa, Dinika and wonijala from Kembata zone Doyo-Gena Woreda. The tools used to gather the primary data were questionnaires and interview/FGDs guidelines. Total 194 respondents were selected for survey questionnaire by simple random sampling method. Descriptive statistical method was employed to analyze quantitative data by using SPSS whereas qualitative data was analyzed using narration and description to triangulate reliability and validity with quantitative data. The result of the study express that labor power emigration was dominated by productive aged 18-54 at the level of secondary school. The result of the study express cause and socio-economic effects of illegal emigration due to lack of job opportunity, peer pressure, poverty, unemployment, lack of skill to create job, population density with agricultural land shortage, brokers, lack of commitment for local government to create works were the key push factors of migration. The finding of study show that flow of remittance, creation of job, better life and poverty reduction were positive effects of migration whereas income inequality among people, dependency on remittance, brain drain, school dropout were adverse effects of migration in the study area And the study recommended that Schooling for learner should be good provider of quality of education at beginning from preschool to create future talent learn, government should think critically to balance employment salary with market price level and work to stay productive aged human resources, Idir leaders and idir members should put local rule and regulation for do not provide services when migrant migrate may happened death they cross different territory, The Ethiopian government should open legal way for migrants, the government must apply strong legal punishment on smugglers and indirect supporters of emigration. https://zenodo.org/record/17380 10.20372/nadre:17380 oai:zenodo.org:17380 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17379 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by labor power migration, causes of migration, migrant sending, migrant-non sending. SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF EMIGRATION TO SOUTH AFRICA IN THE CASE OF DOYOGENA WOREDA, KEMBATA ZONE CENTERAL REGION OF ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17671 2025-09-08T07:38:25Z user-006

ABRIHAM 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT This study was conducted in Danema Town in Haddiya zone, SNNPR,Ethiopia, The general objectives of this study was to examine the role of remittance on rapid urban expansion and urban-rural linkage at Danema Town. To achieve this objective, through both quantitative and qualitative methods are employed, and used both primary and secondary sources of information. Primary information was collected mainly from 70, remittance receiving house holdes and 48, none migrant house holdes from the study area. The researcher was used as secondary sources relevant literatures, written documents, books and internet sources. The data was gathered in two sub towns was selected from study area. The tools used to gather the primary information were questionnaires and interview. Totally, 118 respondents were selected for survey questionnaire by purposive sampling methods. Key informants were selected purposively for interview and focused group discussion (FGD).Descriptive statistical method was employed to analysis quantitative data by using version 23, whereas qualitative data was narration to triangulate its validity and reliability with the quantitative data set. The result of the study indicated that the role of remittance onrapidurbanexpansion. The finding of the study also showed that the flow of remittance creation the job opportunity, poverty reduction, economic improvements are the positive consequences of remittance at the homelands of migrants from South Africa. Whereas the negative impacts remittance the income inequality among remittance receiving house holdes and none remittance receiving households. The over inflow of remittance from South Africa which lead to the over increase of price at the market on the selling and buying equipment’s, the superiority and inferiority among community at in com level. The finding of the study also showed that the flow of remittance creation of job opportunity, Poverityreduction ,microeconomicand macroeconomic improvements are the positive consequences of remittance from South Africa to home lands of migrants. Whereas income inequality among peoples dependency on remittance, rapid urban expansion, surrounding rural agricaltural land reduction and these led to on agricaltural production price over increase identified as negative consequences of remittance at the study area. Which plays the role on rapid urban expansion and urban –rural linkage, based on this finding, they invest remittance on urban land in building house and investing different types of micro economy, macro economy this all about, facilitate the edges of Danema Town, to rapid urban expansion and urban- rural linkage. https://zenodo.org/record/17671 10.20372/nadre:17671 oai:zenodo.org:17671 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17670 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by remittance on rapid urban THE ROLE OF REMITTANCE ON RAPID URBAN EXPANSION AND RURAL URBAN LINKAGE:THE CASE OF DANEMA TOWN MIERAB BADAWACHO WOREDA HADIYA, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17687 2025-09-08T07:54:19Z user-006

BELETE BEDRU 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT Improving forest cover and livelihood of smallholder farmers living in and near the forest is the primary goal behind the introduction of PFM. However, it suffers the forest resources to degradation if it creates unclear ownership and use rights, low levels of community participation, discrimination among members and weak institutions and law enforcement that undermine positive gains and sustainability. Though, this study was aimed to assess the extent of participatory forest management (PFM) and identify its socio-economic contribution to local people Shabe sombo district under Belete Forest, Southwest Ethiopia. This is purposively selected district and four kebeles, namely Sebeka Debiye, Sombo Doru, Atero Gefere, and Doma Gomacho were selected purposively due to the occurrence of PFM. A total of 322 households were selected for questionnaire survey. About 92.24% of the respondents were strongly agreed with the PFM and they were benefited from it. Increasing the household income, increase tree regeneration, create awareness, introduce new technology, and encouraging the right use of forest products are some reasons identified behind the implementation of PFM. In addition to its ecological importance, PFM contributes socio-economic to local people of the study area. Reducing people dependency on forest by ensuring food security via generating employment, increasing income of the households and increasing production are some economical contributions of PFM; whereas creating sense of ownership, improving community integration, developing good partnership among different stakeholders are also the other ways of strengthening social capital of PFM to the local people. Behind its positive contribution there are hindering factors that restrict the local people from participating in PFM. The major factors identified by the respondents of the study are lack of interest, distance from forest, and gender issues. Therefore, in order to the community participation awareness creation, creating diversification revenue streams as well as the needs to more work to integrate women and marginalized community parts into PFM should be the future work. https://zenodo.org/record/17687 10.20372/nadre:17687 oai:zenodo.org:17687 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17686 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by PARTICIPATORY FOREST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION TO RURAL PEOPLE: A CASE OF BELETE FOREST SHABE SOMBO DISTRICT, JIMMA ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17679 2025-09-08T07:49:27Z user-006

AWOL ALI BOGIE 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to provide scientifically investigated information about variability and trends rainfall and its impacts seen in Ambassel Woreda. To ensure such a purpose, the study has employed a descriptive survey research design and a mixed research approach. From a target population, a sample of 123 household heads were selected by stratified systematic random sampling, 10 development agents and woreda experts were selected by purposive sampling. Both quantitative and qualitative primary data were collected by using a mixed questionnaire, semi-structured interview and focus group discussion; whereas, the long-term rainfall data (1989-2020) was organized through document analysis. The quantitative data was descriptively analyzed for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, precipitation concentration index and pelvimetric coefficient and inferentially analyzed for Mann-Kendall test at 5% level of significance. Whereas, the qualitative data was analyzed by using narration and quotation. The results obtained reveal a moderate annual rainfall variability and irregularity; the Kiremt season that contributed nearly 50% of the annual rainfall has showed a moderate inter-seasonal variability; the Tseday and Belg seasons which both together contributed more than 40% of the annual rainfall have showed a very high rainfall variability and irregularity. A high rainfall variability is also seen in all months in the study area. Concerning the trend of rainfall variability, the annual as well as the Belg and kiremt seasons have showed a statistically significant negative trend; Whereas, the Tseday season has showed a statistically significant positive trend and the Bega season has showed a positive trend but statistically insignificant. The perception of farmers also underlined poor distribution of rainfall, early cessation and late onset of rainfall that has been insufficient for crop production. This indicates a need for the implementation of different strategies in communities across the woreda to effectively manage the consequent future impact of rainfall variability in the area. Finally, to sustain and enhance the livelihoods of farmers, the study recommends an in-depth study on how the rain fed farming system was affected by the high rainfall variability. https://zenodo.org/record/17679 10.20372/nadre:17679 oai:zenodo.org:17679 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17678 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL VARIABILITY AND TREND IN AMBASEL WOREDA, NORTH EAST HIGHLANDS OF ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17675 2025-09-08T07:45:13Z user-006

ALEMAYEHU CHALA 2025-09-08 Abstract The general objective of the study aimed on assessing the existing HHSWM activity of Asendabo town. The research paper also examines the resident’s attitude and knowledge on proper solid waste disposal and recycling activity. To accomplish the objectives, both primary and secondary data source has been used. The primary data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews, discussion, and field observations. Whereas secondary data were obtained from household office documents and different published and unpublished materials. The data was analyzed by using both qualitative and quantitative techniques and the result were displayed in tables, charts, and statements. The majority of the solid waste is generated in the town is biodegradable solid wastes. The solid waste generated from the household to take the highest share which account52.8%. The daily total solid waste generation of households and from other sources is about30.3m3.The total annual waste generation of the town from a different sources is currently about11059.5m3.But,only 7.1m3 or27.4% of waste is collected and disposed of from the town. This indicates the level of HHSWM found in disposing off solid waste. The poor performance of HHSWM resulted from three critical factors. The first one is its poor institutional structure and capacity of the towns SBPD. The second factor is limited participation and contribution of stakeholders and community participation in addition to poor private sector involvement. Third, the poor household’s solid waste management practices in storing, separation and resource recovery activities. Therefore, to curb the existing problems, the household should have to take some measures such as, implementing sustainable solid waste management systems likes to reuse and recycle waste material, maximizing people awareness through training, and improving the SBPDD institutional structure and capacity of household SBPD. Lastly, implementation of integrated work with a various stakeholders can assist a lot in curbing the current problem. https://zenodo.org/record/17675 10.20372/nadre:17675 oai:zenodo.org:17675 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17674 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ASSESSMENT OF THE HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN ASENDABO TOWN, JIMMA ZONE, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17697 2025-09-08T08:00:17Z user-006

ENDALU DIBA 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT People in rural areas depend on the forest resources available for their livelihood. Clearing forests and the subsequent agricultural development has a detrimental effect on every element of local ecosystems. Deforestation is high in Ethiopia. Its causes of soil erosion, loss of biodiversity and climate change in the country. The objective of the study is to understand the challenges and opportunities of forest conservation practices in Cheliya Woreda. Two kebeles were selected purposely based on severity of deforestation. Primary data were collected through questionnaire distributed to 214 households who were selected through simple random sampling technique, interview, focus group discussion and personal observation. In addition, secondary data were supplemented the primary data. Purposive, proportionate and simple random sampling methods were employed in sample selection process. The collected data was tabulated and analyzed using frequency and percentage. In addition, qualitative e narrations were used to analyze the collected data. The study shows that the community wants to be involved more in the conservation activities including planting, tendering and protection of the newly planted trees. In addition, the local community employed forest guards to protect the trees, leading to better forest cover in the study area. However, it was reported that agricultural land expansion increased demand for fuel wood and lack of continuous education affect the forest cover. Besides, lack of cooperation and coordination among the local communities, Woreda forest bureau and NGO’s were identified as the main challenges of forest conservation practices in the study area. Furthermore, the results indicate that availability of favorable weather condition, fertile land and tree nurseries are the opportunities available to expand forest cover in the study area. In general, there are growing challenges for forest conservation in the Cheliya Woreda that could lead to forest degradation. Therefore, the researcher suggests that bio gas, wood saving stove, participation of local schools and appropriate training should be further strengthened to enhance a healthy forest cover in the Cheliya Woreda. https://zenodo.org/record/17697 10.20372/nadre:17697 oai:zenodo.org:17697 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17696 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF FOREST CONSERVATION PRACTICES: THE CASE OF CHELIYA WOREDA, WEST SHEWA ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17695 2025-09-08T07:58:07Z user-006

EBRAHIM ABDURAHMAN 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT Urban expansion affects more of the farmers in the peri-urban territory, especially in developing countries and more of the agrarian economic countries like, Ethiopia. Series and fast urban expansion of Adama city informal land transaction in the peripheral Kebeles initiated the researcher to conduct this research. Thus, the researcher has investigated impacts of urban expansion on the livelihood of peripheral farming community of Adama city, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The research was followed descriptive research design and both qualitative and quantitative approaches had been used. In the study 200 sample households were selected from three peripheral kebeles purposively.Primary data had been collected through questionnaires, key informant interview and focus group discussion. Secondary data were from different written sources.The collected data were analyzed through qualitative and quantitative methods and the researcher finds out the following findings: The rapid urban expansion in the Adama city was take place after 2010. The range of landholdings in the study kebeles varied between 0.5-4 hectors before displacement and 0 to 2 hectors after eviction. The analysis of data indicates that annual production decreased after urban expansion in the study area. Number of respondents who produced 21-30quintal decreased from 33% to 5%, 11-20quintal from 43.5% to 25%. This is to mean that, the majority of the respondents produces amounts very a smaller number of quintals after urban expansion. Then the researcher arrived at the conclusion: Lack of trend in paying compensation forced the hinterland farmers to engage in to illegal land sell. From this the researcher has recommended: The municipality of the town administration bodies should properly implement the proclamations and regulations regarding compensation. https://zenodo.org/record/17695 10.20372/nadre:17695 oai:zenodo.org:17695 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17694 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECTS OF URBAN EXPANSION ON THE LIVELIHOOD OF PERI-PHERAL FARMING COMMUNITY: THE CASE OF ADAMA CITY, OROMIA, REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17689 2025-09-08T07:56:08Z user-006

DEREJE LEGESSE 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT Ethiopian coffee production and its productivity level are unsatisfactory to uphold the country’s comparative advantage. The study attempted to analyze different factors that hinder coffee value chains in the study area. Accordingly to the finding various factors that have approximately similar influence on coffee value chains. A descriptive survey research design and explanasstory research design were adopted. Purposive and stratified sampling techniques were used . Both mixed quantitative and qualitative data collection approaches were done based on both primary and secondary data sources. The study targeted 117 respondents but 16(14%) questionnaires were not returned and 101 returned the survey questionnaire, indicating a response rate of 86 percent. Data were analyzed on quantitative basis using Pearson correlation and descriptive statistics. The findings of the Pearson correlation analysis indicate that all relationships between the independent variables that were the five performance of coffee value chain components were appropriate based on the coffee farmers cooperatives union rules and informations includes; actors roles and relationships, access to market and finance, government issues, competition issues and human and physical issues and the performance of coffee value chain proved whether positively and significantly correlated. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that coffee value chain analysis should improve the actors roles and relationships, access to market and finance, government issues, competition issues and human and physical issues and the Oromia region concerned body should give more attention for the revision of the performance of coffee value chain. The study focused different major areas of coffee farmers’ union structure and the scenario indicates the necessity of further research in this area. https://zenodo.org/record/17689 10.20372/nadre:17689 oai:zenodo.org:17689 doi:10.20372/nadre:17688 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF COFFEE: THE CASE OF NENSABO WOREDA COFFEE FARMERS' COOPERATIVE UNION IN WEST-ARSI ZONE, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17707 2025-09-08T08:17:06Z user-006

FIKRU KASSAYE 2025-09-08 Abstract This academic research was dedicated to investigate the status of food security among labor house- hold who were living in the plantation villages of Wonji-Shoa Sugar project. The issue was selected due to the fact that; food insecurity is one of the global problem, in particular the problem of most people living in the third world like Ethiopia. The researcher applied both quantitative and quali tative approach to collect and analyze the data. For that matter the sample households were selected based on random sampling technique, by stratifying the labor groups, i.e., Plantation Permanent Laborers (PPL), Seasonal Laborers (SL) and Casual Laborers (CL). Based on this, about 218 labor households were selected based on proportional percentage from the total number of laborers found in the plantation. The researcher utilized both primary and secondary source of data and statistical tools to collect the necessary data. Among them, household’s questionnaire survey were used to collect data from the sample labor households. Which is designed to identify various socio economic and demographic characteristics and to measure the amount of food found per sample labor households per a specific period of time. Amount of available food found per household is calculated based on Households Food Balance Model (HFBM). Moreover, the researcher used Key Informant Interview (KII)) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with laborers who serve for a long period in the sugar plantation, supervisor and women headed labor households. Based on collected datas, most of the sample households were found with poor educational status, large family size, low level of salary/wage earning and poor asset ownership. Besides with this, majority of the sample households does not meet the nationally requierd per capita calorie per day, i.e., 2100 calorie per day. Furthermore, the study found the sampled labor households with various health problems and unsanitary living environment with poor and suffocated housing. Furthermore, they don’t have proper access to safe drinking water. Based on correlation analysis five predectors are found to have significant impact on per capita calorie. Educational level, family size, income from livestock product sale, number of milking cow and salary/wage found having the determinant impact on the dependent variable, per capita calorie. Accordingly, the researcher puts some vital comments based on the finding to the respected bodies to alleviate the problem of food security and the general livelihoods of labor households living in the plantation camps of WSSP. https://zenodo.org/record/17707 10.20372/nadre:17707 oai:zenodo.org:17707 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17706 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by An Assessment of Household Food Insecurity: The case of Wonji-Shoa Sugar Project, Adama District, Central Ethiopia. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17711 2025-09-08T08:19:13Z user-006

FIKRU TADESSE 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to look into impacts of drought on the socio-economic development of the pastoralist people in Liben woreda East Guji Zone, in Oromiya region. In order to attain the objective of the study the researcher used both quantitative and qualitative research methods and cross-sectional descriptive survey design. The main data sources used were primary and secondary sources. The primary data were collected from livestock owners and informants through questionnaire, key informants and FGD whereas secondary sources were collected from books, journals and annual reports of the woreda.The researcher selected three kebeles out of twelve; the sample items were selected randomly, while purposive sampling used to select key informants. In addition the meteorological data were taken from the National Meteorology Agency of Ethiopia. The rainfall data was analysis using SPI and coefficient variation : The rainfall data of the study area shows that there is a decline trends in precipitation since 1981, the rainfall is highly variable which is erratic and unreliable. The survey results revealed that shortage of rainfall for one or more season has an impact on the livelihood of the communities and which damage their assets. Riptide droughts highly affect the livelihood of the study area, which is predominantly a pastoralist, livestock play a central role. Shortage of pasture, water, market, and prevalence of diseases and cultural view are the main problems for livestock keeping. Drought brought effect on human life and economy. The drought that was observed for the past three decades are periodic drought events in the area, that was highly affected the livelihood of the communities: they loss agricultural products, shifting rain season and, surface and under-ground depletion causing scarcity for animals and humans use For instance, in the 2016 drought event about 40,000 livestock were lost. Governmental and non-governmental organization intervention has been largely through the provision emergency aids with limitation. The intervention started after the death of many livestock .There is no pronounced sustainable measure taken by them. This is because of insufficient finance and low prioritization, and lack of appropriate policy which concerning the pastoralist life style hampered the development of the study area. Thus, to alleviate these problems researcher recommends that drought is a normal occurrence and should be mainstreamed in to development planning. https://zenodo.org/record/17711 10.20372/nadre:17711 oai:zenodo.org:17711 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17710 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF DROUGHT AMONG THE PASTORALIST COMMUNITIES OF LIBEN WOREDA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17699 2025-09-08T08:04:39Z user-006

FANTA AYELE DEMISSIE 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT An investigation on the challenges and opportunities of wildlife conservation and management was carried out on , Dera Dilfaqar Block, AMNP in Doddota woreda Arsi Zone in three purposely selected kebeles bordering the park. The study objectives was to identify the major causes of wildlife disappearance in the park, examine nearby communities’ attitude and perception towards wildlife conservation, assess socio economic importance of the study area and explore the factors for land use and land cover changes in the park. Human-wildlife conflict, deforestation, livestock overgrazing, wild fire, illegal hunting and so on are the main challenges. The researcher was used mixed research approach. Purposive and simple random sampling methods were employed to select sample kebeles and sample households respectively. The data were collected from 351 respondents from three kebeles in Doddota woreda. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS, descriptive statistics analysis such as frequency, percentages, Chi-square (χ²) test and P- values were used. The result of the study indicated (80.34%) of respondents were engaged in mixed farming, while (13.67%) livestock rearing and (6.1%) in other business activities. Livestock grazing (37.32%), forest fire (29.1%), deforestation (13.1%), agricultural expansion (9.12%), settlement (1.4%) and hunting (5.1%) were identified as the major problems of the park. Among the respondents, lack of co mmunity awareness (45.%), followed by lack of law enforcement (23.9%), Lack of patrolling and monitoring (19.6%), Lack of security (4.3%), and issues of boundary (2.7%) were the main causes for improper wildlife conservation and management. In conclusion the human, livestock and wildlife interactions will continue to destroy the park unless urgent management action is taken to solve the problems through full participation from the local people. Therefore, stakeholders shall work together and reduce forest fire and overgrazing out of wildlife habitat through commitment and introduce community-based conservation approaches. https://zenodo.org/record/17699 10.20372/nadre:17699 oai:zenodo.org:17699 doi:10.20372/nadre:17698 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF WILDLIFECONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, ETHIOPIA OROMIYA REGION ARSI ZONE DODDOTA WOREDA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17713 2025-09-08T08:21:32Z user-006

GENET NURIYE 2025-09-08 Abstract This study is aimed at assessing the economic status of women who engaged in micro and small enterprises in Durame Town of KambataTembaro Zone. Data collection was made from women associations (organized by Micro and Small Enterprise Office) and from officers working in the office. Data collection instruments were semi-structured interview; focus group discussions and both open and close ended questionnaires. Data analysis enjoyed descriptive method employing qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study results have shown that most women participated in butter trade though they faced multiple challenges that include lack of community encouragement, lack of fair screening, lack of equity in business placement, problems with availability of conducive work place, burdens from multiple household responsibilities at home, lack of support from partners, lack of capital, limited income, and lack of training. The study recommends that the government and concerned public and non-government organizations need to provide necessary financial, technical and moral supports for the women who are willing to commit themselves in the business environment. https://zenodo.org/record/17713 10.20372/nadre:17713 oai:zenodo.org:17713 doi:10.20372/nadre:17712 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC STATUS OF WOMEN IN MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISE: THE CASE OF DURAME TOWN, KAMBATA TEMBARO ZONE, SNNPR info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17729 2025-09-08T08:37:18Z user-006

KASSAHUN BAKANA 2025-09-08 ABSTACT Ethiopia is heavily dependent on rain-fed agriculture, and its geographical location and topography in combination with low copying strategy capacity entail a high variability of the sector to adverse impacts of climate change and variability. Understanding local scale behavior of climate elements and existing adaptive response by smallholder farmers is important to design locally specific copying strategy interventions for the sector. Thus, this study was intended to investigate smallholder farmers’ perception and check its alignment with observed changes in climate, then to identify their ongoing copying strategies, and barriers to copying in Bule Hora Woreda. In order to explore farmers’ perceptions on climate variability and change as well as their copying strategies and constraints, 100 farm households were interviewed. Besides, focus group discussion and key informant interview were utilized to triangulate and substantiate the findings from household survey. These data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (such as mean, SD, frequency) and inferential statistics (one-way ANOVA and Chi-square test). Moreover, monthly rainfall and temperature data of Bule Hora station were obtained from National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia over the period of 1975-2013 G.C to analyze observed trend and variability of climate in the area. Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope estimator were used to detect the trend and its magnitude; and Coefficient of Variation was used as descriptor of rainfall variability. The results indicated that the amount of annual and Belg season rainfall has showed a significant declining trend while temperature (both mean annual maximum and minimum) has showed significant increasing trend over the study period. However, Kiremt season rainfall trend showed a non-significant declining trend. In comparison, the Belg season had more variable rainfall pattern and it was getting hotter at higher rate than Kiremt season. The majority of smallholder farmers had also perceived a declining trend in annual and seasonal rainfall totals and increasing trends of temperature. In response they were practicing diverse copying strategies such as soil and water conservation practices, changing crop variety, adjusting planting date, expansion of perennial crops, crop diversification, livestock management, and income diversification. However, despite having perceived changes in temperature and rainfall, a considerable percentage of farmers did not make any adjustments to their livelihood practices. The major barriers cited by these farmers were financial constraints, water scarcity, lack of information and knowledge, lack of farm inputs, shortage of land and labor. The results suggest the need for designing appropriate water management strategies to offset the negative impacts of the changing pattern of rainfall and temperature especially during Belg season; and also introducing and promoting appropriate livelihood diversification strategies in the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/17729 10.20372/nadre:17729 oai:zenodo.org:17729 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17728 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY ON THE LIVELIHOODS OF AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; THE CASE OF BULE HORAWOREDA OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17721 2025-09-08T08:25:33Z user-006

GIRMA BOGALE 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess the determinants food insecurity status of rural households in Dalle Woreda, Sidama Regional State. For this study both primary and secondary data were used. Questionnaire survey, key informants interview, focus group discussions and direct observation were employed to collect the primary data. The study used 160 households' from 3 Kebele’s were selected by using simple random sampling technique. The data collection instruments were questionnaire survey and the questionnaire both closed and open-ended questions covered issues related to households' demographic characteristics, socioeconomic characteristics. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used for data analysis and the later included descriptive statistics and regression modeling. The survey results showed that the majority 112(70%) of the sampled households' experienced food insecurity at different level. The low level of productivity of food insecure households’ was related with mainly low land size of HHs was 0.26-0.5 hectares which could be one of the factors for poor production. Then also problems on used agricultural inputs and received extension services due to weakness on the behalf of stakeholders an implementation, evaluation and collaboration of extension services workers, high family size, and unable to use modern irrigation system. Binary Logistic regression results showed that four variables were found to have a significant impact on determining the status of food insecurity at less than 10 percent of the probability level. These variables include literacy status of household head, family size, household participation on extension packages and size of cultivated land. On the basis of the main empirical findings of the study, the following recommendation were forwarded to enhance household food security in the study area; improve the provision of credit facilities, encourage extension programs, expanding family planning programs,, increasing crop productivity and diversifying income sources have been recommended to the government bodies, donors and households' themselves to ensure household food security. https://zenodo.org/record/17721 10.20372/nadre:17721 oai:zenodo.org:17721 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17720 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by DETERMINANTS OF FOOD INSECURITY STATUS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN DALE WOREDA, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17717 2025-09-08T08:23:25Z user-006

GirmaAbera 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT The growing effect of urbanization in, Sululta town of the OromiaSpecial Zone Surrounding Addis Ababa is a result of a combination of natural population increase and migration to town. This study addresses the effect of urban expansion-induced expropriation on the socio-economic and physical environment of the surrounding rural environment. To achieve this aim, the study sampled 391 selected households using random sampling. In addition, the study sought further information from key informants, FGD, and observation. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the households using a structured questionnaire. The quantitative data was analyzed by SPSS software while the qualitative data was analyzed by descriptive and narrative techniques. The study revealed that the Sululta area is experiencing the impact of urban expansion due to its proximity to Addis Ababa city. The impact urban expansion of Sululta town has increased demand for land and the informal land market. As a result, land use and land tenure of the surrounding farmers have changed drastically, with both positive and negative effects on the physical environment, cultural practice and social relationships, and economic lives of the farm community. Some of the positive effects of urban expansion identified by the sample respondents include the availability of road infrastructure, schools, markets, and easy access to banks. The negative effects were the loss of agricultural land, environmental pollution (inappropriate solid waste disposal, lack of an efficient drainage system, bad odor and aesthetic disturbance), forest degradation, and unemployment for the immigrants. These effects have in turn led to the loss of grassland and new agricultural land strategies among the Sululta community. The study recommends that there is a need to undertake an integrated and community-driven urban planning framework for the region and other emerging urban centers. https://zenodo.org/record/17717 10.20372/nadre:17717 oai:zenodo.org:17717 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17716 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECT OF URBAN EXPANSION ON THE SURROUNDING RURAL COMMUNITY:THE CASE OF SULULTA TOWN, IN OROMIA SPECIAL ZONE SURROUNDING ADDIS ABABA, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17725 2025-09-08T08:29:16Z user-006

JEMAL GENEMO KIRTA 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT Climate variability and change are global phenomena, which have become a big challenge to humankind. Climate change in the form of higher temperature, reduced rainfall and increased rainfall variability reduces crop yield and threatens food security in low-income and agriculture based economies. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of climate variability on Wheat productivity in the study area. To achieve this objective set, appropriate data was collected from three sample kebeles which were selected through purposive sampling method based on their agro-ecologic conditions. And 286 household heads were selected from the three sample kebeles. In addition, three FGD each composed of 6 individuals from different socio economic status and age groups were selected and used as primary sources of information. Key informant interview was conducted with experts from Gedeb Hasasa Agricultural Development organization and DAs. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently. Long term rainfall and temperature data and Wheat production for 30 years (1991 –2021) were used for analysis. Multi-stage sampling techniques were employed to select appropriate key informants, discussants and sample households. Based on the relevant gathered information, the status of Wheat productivity is assessed by climate parameters indicators. The result of the study shows that the Rainfall of the Woreda Decreases and temperature of the woreda has increased by 0.040c. This would result to decrease of wheat productivity. The current study also found significant variation in the amount of rainfall and temperature. Majority of the coping mechanisms used by the farmers are traditional and destructive. For the future there will be appreciable increase in temperature and increasing wheat yield fluctuation due to temperature and rainfall instability. https://zenodo.org/record/17725 10.20372/nadre:17725 oai:zenodo.org:17725 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17724 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON CROP PRODUCTION IN GEDEB HASASA WOREDA, WEST ARSI ZONE, OROMIA REGION; ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17723 2025-09-08T08:27:23Z user-006

Hibist Meaza 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT This research aims to investigate factors affecting the performance of MSEs with a special emphasizes on wood work, metal work and textile sectors in Menaharya and Tabor sub-city, Hawassa. For the sake of achieving the objectives of this study; to assess factors that affecting the performance of MSEs in Hawassa city, questionnaires were analyzed by using statistical analysis such as descriptive and inferential analyses. The information gleaned through questionnaire from a sample of 167 operators and face-to-face interviews were conducted with 10 operators of MSEs. The respondent operators were selected by using stratified sampling technique. Besides, the interview questions were analyzed by using descriptive narrations through concurrent triangulation strategy. The empirical study found out eight major challenges that affect performance of MSEs in sub-cities studied which include: inadequate finance, lack of working premises, marketing problems, inadequate infrastructures, poor management practices, and technological, entrepreneurial and politico legal problems including bureaucratic bottlenecks system. The findings further indicate that, there exists linear and positive significant ranging from substantial to strong relationship was found between independent variables and dependent variable. Moreover, the selected independent variables may significantly explain the variations in the dependent variable at 1% level of significance. Based on findings, recommendations to government bodies, to operators of MSEs and suggestions for other researchers are forwarded. https://zenodo.org/record/17723 10.20372/nadre:17723 oai:zenodo.org:17723 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17722 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by FACTORS CHALLENGING THE PERFORMANCE OF MICRO AND SMALL SCALE MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE IN THE CASE OF HAWASSA CITY, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17742 2025-09-08T08:43:30Z user-006

LEGESSE ATOMSA 2025-09-08 Abstract In many ways urban expansion is a phenomenon which ultimately converts the viii agricultural land into urban land and it may affect the peripheral farming household’s livelihood. However, there is limited evidence in Ethiopia in relation to effect of urban expansion on livelihood of farming households around Badessa town. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the, causes and consequences of urban expansion in the case of Badessa town. Descriptive research method was applied using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A household survey was conducted with 96 sampled households selected through systematic random sampling techniques. The Primary data were collected through questionnaire, interviews, observation and focus group discussion, while the secondary data gathered from published and unpublished sources. Furthermore, quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage qualitative data were analyzed by using narrative analysis. The results of the study indicated that the urban expansion of Badessa town brought shortage of farm land and grazing land on the peripheral farming household’s livelihood both economically and socio-culturally. This was examined with this study in the descriptive statistics and land use/land cover analysis. Before the urban expansions considered in this study, an average annual income these households used to earn per year was varying from 10 quintals-50 quintals, where the yield of the majority was in the range of 11-20 quintals. However, after urban expansion then, this study had scanned that there was no a single households earning above 40 quintals and the yield of the majority fell below 10 quintals per year. Similarly, the livestock holdings, before urban expansion these households had the average oxen 2.48, cows 2.96, sheep 11.6, and goats 7.12. But after then, currently, these households had the average oxen 0.91, cows 1.46, sheep 2.73 and goats 2.29 as financial asset. As a copping mechanism, the households engaged in different livelihood strategies. Some shifted their strategies from farming to different job types, i.e. 11(22.9%) employment in daily laborer, 6(12.5%) employment in factory, 3(6.3%) employment in government organization, 12(25.0%) employment in non-government organization and 16(33.3%) self-employment in cottage ix industries such as hand crafts, etc. most of the household in the study area engaged in daily labor after expropriation. Daily labor works are not permanent and mostly seasonal therefore, it has not guarantee for sustainability of the livelihood of the farmers. https://zenodo.org/record/17742 10.20372/nadre:17742 oai:zenodo.org:17742 doi:10.20372/nadre:17741 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by CAUSES ANDCONSEQUENCESOFURBANEXPANSION:THECASEOF BADESSA TOWN, ODA BULTUM WOREDA, WEST HARERGHE ZONE, OROMIAREGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17750 2025-09-08T08:50:18Z user-006

MOHAMMED UTURA 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT The study aims to assess the effects of climate change and variability on rural livelihoods, and community`s adaptation strategies and as well as assessing the problems of climate change and variability on rural livelihoods in Ziway Dugda woreda, Arsi zone, Oromia regional state. To achieve the objectives set, appropriate data was collected from three purposively selected sample kebeles based on their agro-ecologic conditions. A total of 123 household heads were selected from the three sample kebeles. In addition, 6 focus group discussions from different socio-economic status and age groups were selected and used as primary sources of information. Key informant interview was conducted with experts from Ziway dugda woreda agriculture and rural development organizations and DAs the finding of the study reveals that some elements of climate (temperature and rainfall) showed inter annual and seasonal variability with slightly increasing trend. The main source of income in the study area is rain fed agriculture which is being adversely affected by unpredictable and decreasing rainfall and high temperature. The effects of climate change and variability on livelihoods of the study area are crop failure, water shortage, livestock disease and human health problems. To adapt to the changing climate of the area, farmers are already practicing long aged coping mechanisms and adaptation strategies along with some government interventions in response to the climate change and variability. Therefore, depending on the finding of the study, the following policy recommendations are forwarded are: increasing farmers’ awareness on how to use agricultural technologies & inputs, restoring the degraded environment, facilitating access to credit services, diversifying source of income, building the capacity of farmers & encouraging community based adaptation strategies as the main poverty reduction approach. https://zenodo.org/record/17750 10.20372/nadre:17750 oai:zenodo.org:17750 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17749 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY ON RURAL LIVELIHOODS AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES THE CASE OF: -ZIWAY DUGDA WOREDA, ARSI ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17744 2025-09-08T08:45:01Z user-006

MELESE TEMESGEN MUKET 2025-09-08 Abstract Tourism is one of the most important economic sector. Studying the potential resources of an area is significant to the development of tourism for economic progress because tourism plays a great role for the economic development of a given country if appropriate measurements and actions are used unless it may result negative impacts on socio-cultural, environmental and economic aspects of an area. The researcher suggested that the study will be important for Hawassa city culture and tourism office and other stakeholders to take measurement actions in different tourism activities. So far, many studies have conducted to assess potentials, opportunities, and challenges of tourism development in different part of Ethiopia. This thesis was conducted with the objective of identifying tourism development opportunities and challenge in Sidama region: the case of Hawassa city. The opportunities are the presence of natural resources such as lake Hawassa with its tourism resources, comfortable climate condition, Tabor and Alamura mountains, fauna and flora, and the availability of man-made opportunities like Sidama cultural hall, Fichee Camballalla, monuments,the presence of standard hotels, resorts, active participation of the local community, implementation and follow up of the local government on tourism activities, and so on. Sidama region is one of the tourism resource potential areas of Ethiopia. Hawassa city is an administrative city of the former SNNPRS and the present-day of Sidama region with abundant natural and man-made tourism potentials as it is shown in the finding from questionnaire, interview and researchers’ direct observation. These tourism potentials with other opportunities were identified as success factors for tourism development in the study area. On the contrary, there are many challenges that are obstacles for the proper and full utilization of tourism potentials of the study area such as lack of cooperation and coordination among stakeholders, resources are not well preserved and protected, inaccessible of resources, less promotion , expansion of covid - 19, political instability of the country, low infrastructural development, insecurity , weak management structure of tourism sector, unsafe transport service, resources are not well researched, and others. https://zenodo.org/record/17744 10.20372/nadre:17744 oai:zenodo.org:17744 doi:10.20372/nadre:17743 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SIDAMA REGION: THE CASE OF HAWASSA CITY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17738 2025-09-08T08:41:50Z user-006

KESAYENEGASADAME 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT Ethiopia’s agriculture is dominated by small-scale rain-fed production whose performance is subject to irregular rainfall pattern. Among others factors Small-scale irrigation is believed in helping to address this problem by reducing rural poverty, food insecurity as well as improving the overall contribution of agriculture to the national economy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of small- scale irrigation practice on livelihoods of small holder farmers at chole woreda of two (2) kebeles those were Gado seka and Gambo dawa. Both primary and secondary data was used to collected data from the respondents and the data was collected from 117 household heads. purposively selected method were used from the total population using Kothari,(2004) formula and 4 key informants selected from both two kebeles. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, key informant interview and observation, which was analyzed and interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively. Simple statistical descriptions like percentage was used for the quantitative analysis. The major findings of the study indicate that, the irrigation activity in the study area was constrained by the socioeconomic factors like accessibility of credit, absence of irrigation associations or cooperatives, lack and accessibility of xvi transportation system, lack of market accessibility and up to date market price information, and physical challenges such as topography and land tenure system. Finally, setup of irrigation associations or cooperatives, redistribution of irrigated farm land, providing education access, designing and applying strong regulatory rules, creating market linkage, planning fund raising strategies and adopting appropriate experimental researches were forwarded as recommendation https://zenodo.org/record/17738 10.20372/nadre:17738 oai:zenodo.org:17738 doi:10.20372/nadre:17737 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by CHALLENGESANDOPPORTUNITIESOFSMALL-SCALE IRRIGATIONPRACTICEONLIVELIHOODSOFSMALLHOLDER FARMERS:THECASEOFCHOLEWOREDAARSIZONE, OROMIAREGION,ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17736 2025-09-08T08:40:07Z user-006

KEMAL DEKAMA 2025-09-08 Natural resource degradation is a critical problem in the highlands of Ethiopia including in Study area. Some parts of Oromia region is affected by land degradation through soil erosion, to reverse the severity of the problem, soil and water conservation practice were introduced in different parts of the region including the study area. The goal of this study is to assess the farmers" awareness and adoption on soil and water conservation practices and to assess their adoption level of farmer"s on soil and water conservation activities. Structured questionnaire survey, key informant interview, focus group discussion, and field observation were the major tools applied to collect necessary information. One-way ANOVA indicated that significance differences between household head age, family size, extension contact, land security system, labor availability, and distance from plot to homestead, livestock holding, topography of selected kebele. Descriptive statistics; percentages, mean, paired t-test and excel were used to analyze the data. To collect relevant information the study was applied 301 household heads, model farmers, office experts and elders were used as sources of data. Non probability sampling method was employed to select kebele and simple random sampling method was employed to select sample size. The findings indicate that wrong perception, lack of awareness, tenure insecurity and short term needs are the major problems. The finding of this study also showed that farm age, family size, labor availability, amount of livestock on the household, distance of the plot from the residence to home, and land holding were major factors that determine SWC Practices. The results this study showed that most of sampled farmers believed that soil erosion could be controlled with proper soil conservation measures and almost all sampled farmers have high awareness about problem of soil erosion on their farm land (85%) and the majority of the respondent farmers participated in the SWC practice in study area. Training and experience sharing program should be given to the local farmers on use of traditional and physical land management practices. https://zenodo.org/record/17736 10.20372/nadre:17736 oai:zenodo.org:17736 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17735 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE CASE OF KOFELE WOREDA, WEST ARSI ZONE, OROMIA STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17734 2025-09-08T08:38:33Z user-006

KEDIR GISHIRO 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT This study mainly intended to explore the socio-economic effects of women migration on economic development of kokosa woreda to the Middle East countries. The study mainly aimed at identifying factors motivate female out migration, describe socio-economic effects of female out migration and list challenges of illegal migrants on their way to the Middle East country as kokosa Woreda. The study was used mixed research method and purposive sampling method with employed questionnaire survey, focus group discussion and key informant interview as a data collection instruments. It intended primarily on effects of international outmigration of female on socio economic development of kokosa woreda. As this research findings the basic factors which push female migration were low productivity, unemployment and underdevelopment, poor economic conditions, lack of opportunities for advancement, exhaustion of natural resources and natural calamities as push factors while opportunities for better employment, higher wages, facilities, better working conditions and attractive amenities are identified as pull factors. International migration has both positive and negative effects on origin and destination countries. On the other hand, inflow of remittances from the migrants and improvement of living condition of migrants and their families are positive effects and in contrast, woreda have been losing their human resource power, mainly employed youths and adults, economic inequality and economic dependence by deciding migration as the optimal opportunity rather than job creation attempts are negative effects of migration in kokosa Woreda. Challenges facing young emigrant women during and after travel were inappropriate transport system, plunderer, sexual abuse, and inhuman treatments. Therefore, it is recommended Kokosa woreda administration that a system to be established for closing down causes of young emigrant women, secure the economic welfare of young women in the country, expand domestic job opportunities, create awareness on the psychological, social and cultural consequences of migration to Arab world. https://zenodo.org/record/17734 10.20372/nadre:17734 oai:zenodo.org:17734 doi:10.20372/nadre:17733 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by INTERNATIONAL OUTMIGRATION OF FEMALE AND ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS: A CASE STUDY OF KOKOSA WOREDA WEST ARSI ZONE OROMIA REGION info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17748 2025-09-08T08:46:45Z user-006

MEKURIA MELAKU 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT This paper investigates the role of small scale irrigation on the income of rural households in South Wollo Zone: Tenta Woreda. Stratified proportional sampling techniques were used for the selection of the sample Kebeles and sample respondents. Data were collected from 119 randomly selected household heads from two kebelle of the Woreda.By descriptive statistics were applied for analyzing the data. Frequencies, percentages, graphs and tables are the methods used to analyze the quantitative data. In general, the study found out that households with low levels of ownership of basic assets such as small number of oxen and livestock, small number of family size and active family labor force, low saving habits, small frequency of receiving training were found exposed to low level of income. The educational status, age of house hold, family size, active labor force, access to irrigation, remittance income, non farm and off-farm income, livestock , number of oxen, training service and saving habit were the major influencing factors of rural household income in the study area. The occurrence of large number of oxen were found as important factor for small scale irrigation and income gained from it. Based on the finding I suggest that providing trainings for non-users about water harvesting technology, how to utilize underground water to become irrigation, developing improved transportation networks, creating market accessibility, provision of better veterinary services and modernizing animal waste management. https://zenodo.org/record/17748 10.20372/nadre:17748 oai:zenodo.org:17748 doi:10.20372/nadre:17747 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE ROLE OF SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME: THE CASE OF TENTA WOREDA, SOUTH WALLO, ETHIPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17760 2025-09-08T08:56:53Z user-006

OUMER HASSEN 2025-09-08 Abstract Wheat is among important cereal crops to ensuring food and nutrition safety measures in developing countries like Ethiopia. The demand for wheat is expected as significantly increases mainly due to a rapidly population growth in the countries. Globally, wheat production must grow at least by 1.6%. Whereas in Ethiopia the yield must grow from the level 4.6 million tons to 10 million tons, Ensuring quality Bread Wheat productivity is a continuous process. But to meet this standard knowing the critical factors of Bread Wheat productivity is the mandate of all concerned stakeholders. With this aim, this research is undertaken to unveil the factors that contribute to Bread Wheat production. This study hence, presents the analysis of Bread Wheat production and its factors affecting among farmers across major wheat growing areas of the Adaba woreda To do so, total 345 male 282 And 63 females’ households were randomly selected from five PAs of Adaba woreda in West Arsi Zone Oromia region to collect their opinion. Study reveals that households play major role to ensure the Bread Wheat productivity. Data was used from the farm-household survey conducted in 2020/21 by researcher. Supplementary secondary data were collected on wheat area, production and WAO and Crop co-operative available in the woredas. Data were analyzed using various techniques (including descriptive, inferential statistics and regression analysis). One way ANOVA was used to analyze the factors. The empirical analysis found, regarding the Factors related to wheat productivity relationship between independent variables (farm size, age education level modern production inputs application, and soil fertility) the study indicates that independent variables have 97.3 % ability to affect Bread wheat productivity, the dependent variable. Considering the model, the value of adjusted R2 (.972) is closer to the R2 value and both are so closer to 1. This suggests that adding each of the additional independent variables after the 1st independent variable, makes a significant contribution in explaining the variation in the dependent variable households Overall awareness on the bread wheat production. Based on the finding the following suggestion was given the Socio economic Factors have a very significant influence on Bread wheat productivity; local farms should focus on this responsibility and improve. Bread wheat productivity, as per the result of the study next management practice is the second factors. Farmers should work hard in order to improve. the local communities prompt willing to using modern production inputs ,WAO should work hard to improve the local farmer’s productivity in order to get satisfied local communities since the farmer households averagely dissatisfied on the service they have got from them.WAO and seed distribution co-operatives should support farmers in supplying improved seed varieties expected to support poor farmers with certified seeds, inputs and diversified skill advise The employees/ ADA/ in WAO should inform the local communities all about Agriculture and finally, The Hunte Seed Enterprise should provide Technical support like Training Visiting field day and improved seed variety support farms employees expected to help the local farmers https://zenodo.org/record/17760 10.20372/nadre:17760 oai:zenodo.org:17760 doi:10.20372/nadre:17759 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF BREAD WHEAT: THE CASE OF ADABA WOREDA, WEST ARSI ZONE, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17758 2025-09-08T08:55:19Z user-006

GETANEH MOSSU 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT Emigration affects socio-economic development of People’s influenced by it. The main goal of the concerned to examine the key factors that led to emigration from the Doyo Gena Woreda and its socioeconomic effects. To accomplish this goal composed qualitative and quantitative research design were applied with primary and secondary data sources. Preliminary data was collected from migrant sending, non-sending and labor social Affairs Bureaus from study area. Secondary data were collected from relevant literatures, documents, internet and books. The data was gathered purposively from three selected Keble‘s Bakafa, Dinika and wonijala from Kembata zone Doyo-Gena Woreda. The tools used to gather the primary data were questionnaires and interview/FGDs guidelines. Total 194 respondents were selected for survey questionnaire by simple random sampling method. Descriptive statistical method was employed to analyze quantitative data by using SPSS whereas qualitative data was analyzed using narration and description to triangulate reliability and validity with quantitative data. The result of the study express that labor power emigration was dominated by productive aged 18-54 at the level of secondary school. The result of the study express cause and socio-economic effects of illegal emigration due to lack of job opportunity, peer pressure, poverty, unemployment, lack of skill to create job, population density with agricultural land shortage, brokers, lack of commitment for local government to create works were the key push factors of migration. The finding of study show that flow of remittance, creation of job, better life and poverty reduction were positive effects of migration whereas income inequality among people, dependency on remittance, brain drain, school dropout were adverse effects of migration in the study area And the study recommended that Schooling for learner should be good provider of quality of education at beginning from preschool to create future talent learn, government should think critically to balance employment salary with market price level and work to stay productive aged human resources, Idir leaders and idir members should put local rule and regulation for do not provide services when migrant migrate may happened death they cross different territory, The Ethiopian government should open legal way for migrants, the government must apply strong legal punishment on smugglers and indirect supporters of emigration. https://zenodo.org/record/17758 10.20372/nadre:17758 oai:zenodo.org:17758 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17757 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF EMIGRATION TO SOUTH AFRICA IN THE CASE OF DOYOGENA WOREDA, KEMBATA ZONE CENTERAL REGION info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17754 2025-09-08T08:53:27Z user-006

TEMAM MOLISA LEJIBO 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT Emigration affects socio-economic development of People’s influenced by it. The main goal of the concerned to examine the key factors that led to emigration from the Doyo Gena Woreda and its socioeconomic effects. To accomplish this goal composed qualitative and quantitative research design were applied with primary and secondary data sources. Preliminary data was collected from migrant sending, non-sending and labor social Affairs Bureaus from study area. Secondary data were collected from relevant literatures, documents, internet and books. The data was gathered purposively from three selected Keble‘s Bakafa, Dinika and wonijala from Kembata zone Doyo-Gena Woreda. The tools used to gather the primary data were questionnaires and interview/FGDs guidelines. Total 194 respondents were selected for survey questionnaire by simple random sampling method. Descriptive statistical method was employed to analyze quantitative data by using SPSS whereas qualitative data was analyzed using narration and description to triangulate reliability and validity with quantitative data. The result of the study express that labor power emigration was dominated by productive aged 18-54 at the level of secondary school. The result of the study express cause and socio-economic effects of illegal emigration due to lack of job opportunity, peer pressure, poverty, unemployment, lack of skill to create job, population density with agricultural land shortage, brokers, lack of commitment for local government to create works were the key push factors of migration. The finding of study show that flow of remittance, creation of job, better life and poverty reduction were positive effects of migration whereas income inequality among people, dependency on remittance, brain drain, school dropout were adverse effects of migration in the study area And the study recommended that Schooling for learner should be good provider of quality of education at beginning from preschool to create future talent learn, government should think critically to balance employment salary with market price level and work to stay productive aged human resources, Idir leaders and idir members should put local rule and regulation for do not provide services when migrant migrate may happened death they cross different territory, The Ethiopian government should open legal way for migrants, the government must apply strong legal punishment on smugglers and indirect supporters of emigration. https://zenodo.org/record/17754 10.20372/nadre:17754 oai:zenodo.org:17754 doi:10.20372/nadre:17753 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF EMIGRATION TO SOUTH AFRICA IN THE CASE OF DOYOGENA WOREDA, KEMBATA ZONE CENTERAL REGION OF ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17762 2025-09-08T08:58:28Z user-006

SALE GEREMEW ASEFA 2025-09-08 Abstract The main objective of this study was to assess the challenges and prospects of cooperative housing development in Mekane- Selam town by taking selected sample of 132 households from three cooperative sites. To have clarification about the issues, organized reviews of the related literatures were clearly presented with appropriate citations. Multistage sampling technique was used in the study. To select the sample cooperative member residents, the researcher divided cooperatives into 3 strata according to their different site. To select samples from each site cooperative members list, systematic random sampling method was used. The researcher was employed purposive sampling technique to select official respondents. Cross-sectional research design and mixed research approach were employed and triangulation was vital method of converging concurrently collected data through survey, interviews and FGDs. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the challenges and prospects in cooperative housing development process. Both primary and secondary data sources were employed. Descriptive statistical techniques such as cross tabulation, frequency and percentage distribution with the help of well SPSS version 20 computer software were employed to analyze and interpret the quantitative data. The qualitative data was analyzed and interpreted through narration. The data were presented by tables, figures, and charts with appropriate narrative form. Standing from the finding of this study, the status of housing cooperative development in the town was low. Financial problems and limited source of income, timely increasing building materials cost, high price (shortage) of land, low provision of infrastructure and inaccessibility of public utilities, gaps in members screening process and gaps in policy implementation were the main challenges for cooperative housing development. While government attention towards cooperative housing, positive perception of the residents, high demand of cooperative residents and cooperatives ability to have social interaction, community sense of identity, and wealth generation capacity are the main opportunities for the development of cooperative housing. According to the finding of the study, cooperative members were not satisfied by the housing design and typology, durability of building materials (residents have housing design and typology preference) and on accessibility of public service institutions like market centers, school and health institutions nearest to the cooperative sites. However, cooperative residents were satisfied on the social interaction, security of tenure and wealth generation capacity of cooperative housing in Mekane Selam town. https://zenodo.org/record/17762 10.20372/nadre:17762 oai:zenodo.org:17762 doi:10.20372/nadre:17761 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATIVE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN MEKANE SELAM TOWN, SOUTH WOLLO, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17764 2025-09-08T08:59:44Z user-006

SHIFERAW TEKLE ASRES 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT The purpose of this academic research was to generate knowledge or information about the features of urban population and its impact on housing and associated facilities in Dessie City Administration. To conduct the research, the study has employed a descriptive survey design and a mixed research approach. From a target population of 56, 695 household heads, 3 office heads and 10 experts; a sample of 186 household heads, 10 experts and 3 office heads were selected by proportionately stratified systematic random sampling, availability and purposive sampling techniques respectively. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected by using a mixed questionnaire, semi-structured interview, and document analysis. The quantitative data was descriptively analyzed for frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation; while the qualitative one was thematically analyzed through quotation and narration. The major findings revealed that the urban population of Dessie city from 2016 2020 on average has grown at a rapid rate of 5.28%. The impact of rapid population growth has resulted a shortage of 22,897 housing units and 28,457,200 liters of water per annum and a daily shortage of 29,998.77-kilowatt electric supply. The result of this study revealed that, unless, real concern and commitment of the government is showed in strategically planning and resolving the problem of housing, it is worthless to expect urban poverty eradication and sustainable development. City administration should give tremendous attention to the housing problem of the city, coordinate stakeholders and implement contextually feasible and sustainable housing supply modalities such as the construction of affordable residential housing building apartments. https://zenodo.org/record/17764 10.20372/nadre:17764 oai:zenodo.org:17764 doi:10.20372/nadre:17763 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by RAPID URBAN POPULATION GROWTH AND ITS IMPACT ON HOUSING AND ASSOCIATED FACILITIES, THE CASE OF DESSIE CITY ADMINISTRATION, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17768 2025-09-08T09:01:16Z user-006

TADELE TEFERA MEKURIA 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT Forest conservation involves the upkeep of the natural resources with in forest that are beneficial to both humans and the environments. This study was conducted to assess forest conservation practice and management problem in Mareka Woreda, SNNPR. The study employed a descriptive type of research, and survey method was used for this research. The data was gathered from both primary and secondary sources. The study was conducted in six kebeles that were purposively selected from 37 kebeles in the woreda. Then, 151 household heads were selected by using simple random sampling technique. Different data collection instruments such as questionnaire, focused group discussions, key informant interviews and field observation were also applied. The findings indicated that there was shortage of land in study area which discouraged farmer’s ability to produce an adequate amount of crops to nourish their family due to increase in human population and land sharing among family members. This has led rural households to cut trees even in inaccessible and marginal lands to produce crops. The study also found that the major factors/causes/ contributing to the fast disappearance of the forest were attributed to agricultural land expansion, the rising demand for tree products for fire wood, expanding population pressures, lack of income, construction materials, demand for grazing land and lack of job. Agricultural land expansion takes the highest contribution for forest resources degradation in the study area. Shortage of sufficient cultivable land to produce an adequate amount food for the household exacerbated the rate of forest loss. Fuel wood consumption was found to be the second major cause of declining of forest in the study area and the local communities have an awareness of forest reduction which result in decline of soil fertility, loss of biodiversity and increasing of flooding. Therefore, investing on forestry by the government, community and private individuals is thus crucial. https://zenodo.org/record/17768 10.20372/nadre:17768 oai:zenodo.org:17768 doi:10.20372/nadre:17767 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ASSESSMENT OF FOREST CONSERVATION PRACTICE AND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN MAREKA WOREDA, SNNPR info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17752 2025-09-08T08:51:48Z user-006

Adem Saifu Dammisie 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT Islam is one of the universal religions, which introduced into Ethiopia in the early seventh century.Due to the geographical proximity and peaceful relations of Ethiopia with the Arabian Peninsula merchants, artisans, adventurers and clerics seem to have played leading role for the creation of Muslim petty states on the coastal areas and the Ethiopian interior.The introduction of Islam in Ethiopian brought about profound changes in social, cultural and religious developments that have far-reaching effects on the Oromo.The main purpose of this thesis is an attempt to reconstruct and document an Historical account of Islam in Gedeb Hassasa woreda. Geographically, Gedeb is located in the southeasterm Ethiopia in Oromia Regional State West Arsi Zone.The data collection method of the study considered the use of primary and secondary sources using qualitative methods of data collection.In the process of the Islamization of Gedeb region of Arsi, the local Muslim scholars from Balé and the Eastern part of Arsi have played quite a significant role. Several factors were accounted for early contacts of the local people with the agents of Ulama. Cultural similarity between Arsi Oromo and the neighboring Muslim communities was one of main factors for the gradual expansion of Islam into Gedeb area. https://zenodo.org/record/17752 10.20372/nadre:17752 oai:zenodo.org:17752 doi:10.20372/nadre:17751 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by An Historical Account of Islam in Gedeb Asasa Woreda info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17884 2025-09-09T06:30:37Z user-006

ADEM TUKULI 2025-09-09 The thesis entitled "Urbanism and Urbanization among Oromo of west Guji: case of Qercha town. It tries to reconstruct urban and urbanization among the west Guji in general and Qercha Qercha town in particular .In addition ,it attempts to explore the social ,cultural ,economic ,and political aspect of Guji Oromo in general and Qercha town in particular The major themes of this thesis were ,urbanism and urbanization ,social -cultural ,political and religious and economic .While conducting this thesis the research have attempted to utilized available archival materials. In due course oral sources, published and unpublished source were used.Guji one of the Oromo sub-clan living in southern part of Ethiopia mainly in today Borena and Guji admiration zone of Oromia regional state Prior to foundation of Qercha town the area was known by its natural resource such as densy forest that endowed with various wild life ,birds, good climate ,fertile and productive soil, enough water resources .There various interrelated factors that were responsible for the foundation of Qercha town including natural ,political, Historical,economic,socialandculturalfactor https://zenodo.org/record/17884 10.20372/nadre:17884 oai:zenodo.org:17884 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17883 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by URBANISM AND URBANIZATION AMONG THE OROMO OF WESTERN GUJI THE CASE OF QERCHA TOWN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17868 2025-09-09T06:31:17Z user-006

WOGENE WOZADE 2025-09-09 The main aim of this thesis is make a historical survey of education and educational institutions in Bule Hora town from 1920s to present. It began with when and how educational institutions emerged in the town. This historical study point out the role of indigenous and modern educational institution in the town of Bule Hora. The modern educational was divided into missionary and governmental education institution. Thus, the paper included introduction, indigenous education and missionary education, and modern governmental educational institutions during Imperialist and Derg period and Modern educational institutions during the current government each as a chapter. The study identified the contribution and challenges of educational institutions in the town. Accordingly, the traditional education that was given in the church helped in reading and writing Amharic and it also thought numbers. The major beneficiaries of the traditional education were settlers in the town. Furthermore, it paved way for the latter period of modern education in the town by simplifying reading and writing skills of the students. The first modern governmental education started in 1947. In such a way different primary and secondary schools planted from imperialist to FDRE government. These schools, Colleges, Universities increased the economic, social, and political wariness of the people of the town. Both the traditional and modern education contributed for the reduction of illiteracy among the community. In terms of quality and quantity of education; there was quality education under the Imperialist period that different scholars emerged from these schools. FDRE created educational accessibility in a better way than its predecessors. The Derg gave attention to socialism and adult education for the reduction of poverty and illiteracy in the community. The study point out the contribution of education for the holistic change of the town. Settlers of the town benefited the educational accessibility. Following the emergence of educational institutions, different infrastructures were constructed. Generally, the qualitative and quantitative changes in the town were the direct and indirect contribution of the emergence of educational institution on the town. https://zenodo.org/record/17868 10.20372/nadre:17868 oai:zenodo.org:17868 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17867 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN BULE HORA TOWN FROM 1922 TO PRESENT: AN HISTORICAL SURVEY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17850 2025-09-09T06:33:56Z user-006

MELKAMU HAILE YEBO 2025-09-09 ABSTRACT In recent years considerable research has been conducted into various aspects of the history of the diverse peoples and cultures of Ethiopia .Consequently, much more is known about the history of hitherto overlooked peoples of Ethiopia. Despite advances made in the literature, still there is lack of a comprehensive research in the history of southern Ethiopia, hence my interest in this research project. This thesis entitled:“A Historical Survey of Sheka, Southern Ethiopia, since 1941“aimed at filling the glaring gap in the historiography of Sheka portion of Ethiopian historiography through a qualitative approach along with narrative and descriptive way of historical analysis of such questions as who are the Sheka? What is their place in Ethiopian historiography? What was the nature of the Sheka political life before Emperor Menelik’s conquest of the area in the later part of the 19th century? What happened to the Sheka after their incorporation to the Ethiopian empire state? What impact did the political developments in Ethiopia over the last four decades have on the Sheka? So as to answer these basic research questions data obtained from both primary and secondary source were systematically analyzed and interpreted. Before its incorporation in to Ethiopian empire in the last decade of the 19th century, Kingdom of Sheka had its own traditional Administrative Structure, Accordingly Sheki taato (king of Sheka) appeared at the top in the political hierarchy. Next to the king, there was Katerasha. It was the highest political organ between the king and the Miikkiracho (king’s Councilors).The restoration of imperial power in1941, marked the beginning of process of reinstallation of centralization in the country. All those post-liberation period changes in the fields of administration, finance, judiciary, education and health have been associated directly or indirectly with the major reform policy of the emperor. However, Sheka (former Mocha Awraja) had never been benefited from those changes & developments of imperial regime rather; Mocha Awraja was used as an exile place for political opponents and ill-disciplined public staffs. More or less the communist military government also followed the trend of transferring Political opponents and ill disciplined public staffs to Mocha Awraja as a punishment by forcing them to live where there were no single basic service. Even though the post 1991 period experienced extensive changes and significant improvements in the fields of administration, education, in the development of infrastructure and in the supply of modernized public services than the two previous successive regimes, it was not far yet from criticism by Shekacho nation. https://zenodo.org/record/17850 10.20372/nadre:17850 oai:zenodo.org:17850 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17849 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by public services than the two previous A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF SHEKA, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA, SINCE 1941 info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17854 2025-09-09T06:35:02Z user-006

FIKRESELASE ELIAS 2025-09-09 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the history of Gena Bossa district of Dawuro zone from 1941 to 1991. 1941 is a turning point in the history of the district because of the restoration of the imperial regime while the year 1991 is a land mark due to the demise of the military regime. Based on relevant archival, secondary and oral sources, this thesis focused on reconstructing the history of Gena Bossa district from1941 to 1991.It also offered background knowledge pertaining to the pre-1941 period. Thus, the main objectives of the thesis were the social, administrative and economic changes in the districtthat evolved during the period of Emperor Haile Selassie and the Derg regim.It also shows the interrelationship between these themes. Depending on the collected appropriatedifferent types of sources, Historical data used to write the thesis are primary sources, secondary sources, and oral informants. The primary sources used to reconstruct a history of Gena Bossa district included manuscripts and archival materials from Gena and Zaba Gazo district, Dawuro zone culture and tourism office(Department), former Dawuro(Kullo-Konta) awrajja capital Waka,Mareka woreda,and Waka town municipal office. Oral informants are also the sources of information for the thesis. Knowledgeable people were selected based on the information they have either directly or indirectly and proximity to the historical events in theGena Bossa district. The secondary sources included books, articles, thesis and chapter in books dealing with the general history of Dawuro and former kullo-Konta people in which Gena Bossa is also included. However, secondary sources that directly explore historical development of Gena Bossa district are inadequate.Thisstudy attempted to assess how much the post-1941 land grant and taxation reform of the emperor and the 1975 of the Derg contributed great inputs in changing the social and economic life of the people of Gena Bossa district. Therefore, the socio-economic andadministrative changes made by the imperial government in the post-1941 period also brought little improvement in the life of most of thelocal people of the district. The economic exploitation and socio-culturalsuppressions continued until 1974. The administrative injustice in thedistrict also continued unabated throughout the imperial period. Thiswas worsened by the reluctance of local governors to implement the rulesand regulations of central government properly in the area.Finally, this study also tried to examine developments that the Gena Bossa district had witnessed during the Derg regime (1974-1991). The military regime attempted to place its power on a better position by introducing several measures at a national level had its own negative and positive effects in the socio-economic and political life of the people of Gena Bossa district. Therefore, I argue that the political, economical and social policies and reforms that had been formulated and implemented by the Derg government at the initial time brought better changes in the life of most of the people of Gena Bossa district than the imperial government. Particularly, the 1975 land reform proclamation there was transformation towards socially marginalized community in the district. https://zenodo.org/record/17854 10.20372/nadre:17854 oai:zenodo.org:17854 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17853 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by AHistorical Survey ofthe Gena Bossa woreda of Southern Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17858 2025-09-09T06:36:59Z user-006

GETACHEW ABERA 2025-09-09 This thesis investigates the historical survey of Bench people from 1941 to the present. 1941 is a turning point in the history of the Bench because of the restoration of the imperial regime while the year 1991 is a land mark due to the demise of the military regime and the post Marxist era were studied due to the present changes. Based on relevant archival, secondary and oral sources, this thesis focused on reconstructing the history of Bench people from1941 to 1991.It also offered background knowledge pertaining to the pre-1941 period. In short, the main objective of the thesis is to show the local changes that were observed in Bench areas in the context of change in policy and government at national level. The thesis showed how the traditional socio-economic and administrative system of Bench has been affected by the incorporation of Bench into the imperial state of Ethiopia. The restoration of the imperial rule and the subsequent reforms that imperial government had introduced especially in relation to administration and land and the subsequent reactions of the people of the Bench districts to the introduced changes are the main themes of analysis for the period between 1941 and 1974. Thus, this thesis argues that the socio-economic and administrative changes made by Emperor Haile Selassie’s government in the post-1941 period brought little improvement in the life of most of the local people of the Bench except local balabats in each Bench district. Meaning local Bench balabats were very advantageous by the system. The study also tried to examine developments that the Benchdistricts had witnessed during the Derg regime (1974-1991). The military regime’s attempt to place its power on a better position by introducing several measures at a national level had its own negative and positive effects in the socio-economic and political life of the people of Bench areas. Therefore, I argued that the political, economicand social policies and reforms that had been formulated and implemented by the Derg government brought better changes in the life of most of the people of Bench areas than the imperial government. After the downfall of the Derg government, there was the transitional government which proclaimed in 1991-1995 in Ethiopia. This transitional government and the proclamation no.1 /1995 paved the way for the coming into effect of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Because of this new political reform at national government, in Bench areas new administrative and social changes are observed in the post-Marxist period, like “Self administration”.And also there are better social, economic and political changes in the Bench areas during the FDRE government. The methodology that this Thesis used was the Historical method or the qualitative research method.Generally, the findings of this research work showed the dialogue between “history of events” and a“ history from below”. https://zenodo.org/record/17858 10.20372/nadre:17858 oai:zenodo.org:17858 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17857 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by history GETACHEW ABERA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17856 2025-09-09T06:35:48Z user-006

Eshetu Yimer Guangul 2025-09-09 The main purpose of this study is to examine the history of Lalibela in north Wollo zone from 1974 to the present; and aimed to reconstruct it. The focus of this paper is showing the economic, social, as well as environmental history of Lalibela. The study also targeted to fill the gaps of the history of the research area, in Ethiopian historiography. Furthermore, as a major tourist destination area, the study might also show the eco-tourism, its obstacles and how to resolve such problems and creating conducive environment for internal as well as international tourists. Lalibela is one of the well-known touristic sites in Ethiopia. It is usually identified with the rock hewn churches in the town. The rock-hewn churches of Lalibela are among the nine sites in Ethiopia registered in the World Heritage List. They are also unofficially considered as one of the Great Wonders of the ancient world. According to UNESCO, a world heritage site is expected to have at least two zones: the core and the buffer zone. The core represents that part of the site where intervention is almost prohibited while the buffer zone is the area where intervention is allowed but in a controlled way. Though Lalibela was identified as world heritage site since the early 1970s, the heritage site was not clearly identified and demarcated. However, using the preparation of the new structure plan for Lalibela as an opportunity, the decision to prepare a management plan for the heritage site was made by the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (Ministry of Culture and Tourism). https://zenodo.org/record/17856 10.20372/nadre:17856 oai:zenodo.org:17856 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17855 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Lalibela: An Historical Account of the Land of Rock-Hewn Churches, 1974 to the Present info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17852 2025-09-09T06:34:33Z user-006

Yonas Petros 2025-09-09 Abstract The History of Education and Educational Institutions in Kembata of Durame is not fully dealt with. The aim of this thesis is based on qualitative analysis of oral traditions, written sources and archives to present the historical development of the society. Thus, it sought to avail the reader with critical information of education and educational institutions in Kembata of Durame town. The shortage of archives source and reluctance of a few informants are the basic problems that the researcher faced during this work. Besides this the lack of written sources are the other that the research experienced in an attempt to come up with this final work. The Kembata of Durame town in habit the area between south of Hadiya, east of Halaba special woreda and west of Wolaita zone; these people formed from different clans who come the area from different direction in different times. They did different activities for development and expansion of education and educational institutions that resulted in education and educational institutions during Imperial, Derg and FDRE government eras. https://zenodo.org/record/17852 10.20372/nadre:17852 oai:zenodo.org:17852 doi:10.20372/nadre:17851 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Education and Educational Instituions in Durame Town since 1943, a Historical Survey info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17864 2025-09-09T06:38:06Z user-006

SILESHI TEKLE 2025-09-09 Yem was one of the earliest kingdoms that are found in southwestern part of Ethiopian until its incorporation into the Ethiopian Empire in 1894. They were existed in the area between the Gibe River and the Omo River. They were pay tribute in horse to king Yesaqa (1412-1427).The economy of the kingdom is agriculture. The called themselve Yem (Yamma); their land was called Yangar and language called Yamsa. With the exception of Gama, Gémélo, Mowa, Fuga, Kamosho, Saoala and Kanishero, the rest clans were said to be indigenous. From this, Gama, Gemelo, and Mowa are formed their dynasties in the history of the kingdom. In Yem kingdom, unlike the Fuga, (tanners, potters and hunters) the Yirfo (blacksmith), woodworkers had least respect in the community. Due to this, the other people do not interested made marriage alliance and other social interaction with the Fuga. In Yem, the commiration and funeral ceremony is different based on the age, social, political role, hunting ability and war ability. Amno was the highest authority on both social and political life of the people. Mostly he carried several symbols of offices such as crown, gold armlets necklace and double headed spreads. Before the introduction of universal religions i῾e Christianity and Islam, the people of Yem followed additional religion. The kingdom had good relationship with neighboring states with the exception of Jimma. On other hand, the first Italian force entered Yem through kumbi. During the five Years Italian occupation period, there were the sons of king (Amno) Gäbrä-Mädihin Bogibo. In addition to this, before the introduction of the new land measurement, in Yem, land was under the control of the Amno (king).It was that in 1942E.C (1949/50) that the first land measurement was conducted. The second land measurement in the area was conducted in 1948E.C. (1955/5).The third/last one was land measurement undertaken in 1960 E.C. (1967/68). https://zenodo.org/record/17864 10.20372/nadre:17864 oai:zenodo.org:17864 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17863 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A SURVEY OF YEM, SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17796 2025-09-09T06:44:03Z user-006

WALTENGUS AYANEH 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT In Ethiopia, soil erosion is one of the major causes of land degradation which resulted low agricultural productivity. The study examines on farmers’ perception towards the problems of soil erosion and their conservation knowledge in EnemayWoreda. Hence, the objective of this research was to examine farmers’ perception on soil erosion and their adoption of soil conservation measures in the study area. With the use of structured questionnaire and interview, a total of 132 farmers were surveyed for the study. For many farmers, absence of fertile topsoil and stoniness of soil were main indicators to soil erosion on their land. Others recognize by observing poor crop and grass growth of the soil. They also perceived well the causes of soil erosion in their lands as slope steepness of cultivation fields, ceaseless cultivation and absence of fallowing with many time preparations of soil for cropping; still other causes have great roles. Severity of soil erosion in the study area explained as severe, moderate, minor soil erosion and a few cultivation fields had no erosion risk. Consequently, farmers well understood the results of severe soil erosion on their farms and recognized as loss of topsoil, reduction of yield over time, loss of vegetation cover and grasses, change in soil color, requiring high input and management, formation of uncross-able gullies, lack of farm land and grazing field, and out migration. The major soil conservation methods implemented by farmers in the study area were terracing, tree planting, contour plowing and leaving crop residue. This research finding also concludes that almost all interviewed farmers perceived the main problems associated with the use of soil conservations methods in EnemayWoreda were mainly includes; served as a shelter for pests and rats, difficult to tillage, need much labor, need incentives to implement, difficult to implement and reduce farm size. . In order to effectively plan for soil conservation measures application and introduce new techniques there is a need of participate local farmers and modifying educational/training programs which were provided for farmers by considering the existing knowledge and practices. https://zenodo.org/record/17796 10.20372/nadre:17796 oai:zenodo.org:17796 doi:10.20372/nadre:17795 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by PERCEPTION OF FARMERS TOWARDS SOIL EROSION AND CONSERVATION MEASURES IN ENEMAY WOREDA, EAST GOJJAM, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17862 2025-09-09T06:37:30Z user-006

Habtamu Beyene 2025-09-09 The thesis tries to reconstruct the socio-economic and political history of Mareka Wäräda of Dawuro Zone, focusing in the periods between 1941 and 1991. It mainly depends on the critical analysis of archival sources and oral information. The traditional socio-economic and political system of Mareka was replaced by a new system after the area became part of imperial Ethiopia in 1894. Especially after 1974, the land distribution and the subsequent institutionalization of the näfŃäňa gäbbar system in the area completely changed the local people’s traditional way of life. The socio-economic and administrative changes made by the imperial government in the post-1941 period also brought little development in the life of most of the local people of the district. The economic exploitation and socio-cultural suppressions continued until 1974. The administrative unfairness in the district also continued unabated throughout the imperial period. This was worsened by the unwillingness of local governors to implement the rules and regulations of central government properly in the area. Opposing this, the local people made successive petitions to the higher administrations; sometimes up to the central government but such petitions often bore no result. https://zenodo.org/record/17862 10.20372/nadre:17862 oai:zenodo.org:17862 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17861 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A Historical Survey of Mareka Wȃrȃda, South West Ethiopia to 1991 info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17872 2025-09-09T06:39:10Z user-006

Abdurahman Jemal Mohammed 2025-09-09 The central goal of this thesis is to scrutinize the introduction of education and educational institution in D"erashe woreda an historical survey. This thesis accessed the contribution of traditional church education and the expansion of secular education in D"erashe woreda. The thesis also described the arrival of NLM that made great revolution to the development of modern education and the great challenge that faced during the imperial regime. It also described their effort and the final achievement of educational activity. The thesis is based on archival materials, history books and interviews with oral informants particularly elders and other who participate in the events described. My thesis described the establishment of educational office, the beginning of traditional church school, the first governmental school, and secondary school. The thesis also described secular education run by missionary in D"erashe woreda. https://zenodo.org/record/17872 10.20372/nadre:17872 oai:zenodo.org:17872 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17871 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Education and Educational institution In Derashe Woreda: An Historical Survey info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17782 2025-09-09T06:47:10Z user-006

TESMOME GEBRE DEGAGA 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT Ethiopia is one of the Sub-Saharan African Countries known for their fast population growth and accelerated environmental degradation causing imbalance between population growth and the existing natural resources. In view of this situation the main objective of this study is to assess the perception of the local community toward the impacts of population pressure on agricultural land degradation with the case of Tocha woreda of Dawro zone, SNNPR. The investigator used mixed research approach (quantitative and qualitative) to achieve the perceptions of local community on the prevailing population pressures and their impacts on nearby resources. Both primary and secondary data were collected for this purpose. The primary data were collected from 93 sample households from three sample Kebeles in Tocha Woreda. Household survey, group discussions and key informant interviews were used to generate the primary data and Secondary data were gathered from governmental offices and other sources. Simple random sampling technique was used to select households involved in the study and Sample size was determined by rule of Yamane and 93 households were selected. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, and percentage were used to describe the back ground information of the respondents and their perception on the impacts of population pressure on the agricultural land, crop and livestock production and their responses to mitigate the impacts of population pressure. The findings of the study show that 70(75.3%) of the sample of the population perceive population pressure as a cause for agricultural land degradation and decrease in agricultural production. Specifically, 34(36.6%) of the respondents replied that land fragmentation was a problem caused by the population pressure and 23(24.7%) of the total respondents replied that population pressure reduce in land for fallow. As result of agricultural land degradation 33(35.5%), of the respondents were perceived as decreased in crop production over time. In addition, 25(26.9%), 24(25.8), of respondents were perceived as to be lack of agricultural land due to population growth and soil fertility decline as result of land degradation were the main factors in decline in agricultural production. Household’s responses to mitigate the impacts of population pressure on agricultural land degradation and decrease in crop production encompasses, birth control, out migration, intensification of land using of agricultural inputs and use of soil and water conservation practices. On the basis of the study findings, it is recommended that advocacy work towards promoting limited family size, integrating agriculture with other income generating activities, improving provisions of modern input, to emphasis to the breeding of livestock, and environmental conservation should be strengthened in the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/17782 10.20372/nadre:17782 oai:zenodo.org:17782 doi:10.20372/nadre:17781 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by PERCETION OF LOCAL COMMUNITY TOWARD THE IMPACTS OF POPULATION PRESSURE ON AGRICULTURAL LAND: THE CASE OF TOCHA WOREDA IN DAWRO ZONE, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17794 2025-09-09T06:44:32Z user-006

WAKO BADASA 2025-09-08 Abstract This research was undertaken to assess the role of rural-urban linkages for socio economic development of Kokossa town and its surrounding rural kebeles in West Arsi Zone, Oromiya regional state. These linkages can be social, economic, cultural, and political relationships maintained between individuals and groups in the urban and rural areas. This study was used a descriptive research design and crosssectional survey design. In order to achieve the research objectives, both primary and secondary data was used. Primary data was collected from 30 sample rural households and 153 urban households. Sample size determination was selected purposively and data was collected through observation, interview, survey questionnaires and focus group discussion. In analyzing and interpreting these data both quantitative and qualitative techniques had been employed. In quantitative method of data analysis quantitatively frequency, mean and one sample t-test were employed. The results indicate that the majority population of woreda mostly producing crops such as enset, maize, barley, potato and rearing livestock. Due to small land size, steep slope and use of traditional method of farming, to produce surplus production to the market was limited which affected rural-urban linkages. Livestock rearing in the study area was used for income and food and social security reasons and it was also an indicator of wealth. The financial linkage of town and its hinterlands were based on the availability of financial institutions in the towns, which can stimulate the rural people to use these institutions for loan and saving. The supply of forest and/or forest products and stone extraction to the urban centers were one among the manifestations of environmental rural-urban linkages. There are many main factors that positively and negatively affecting the rural urban linkages in the s udy area.These factors are agricultural output, government policy, infrastructure, transportation cost, availability of natural resources, small land size, information and communication technologies and etc. Finally, the research recommended that, it is necessary to enhance improved agricultural input and output as a means of poverty reduction and improve their livelihood thereby improving socio-economic problems in both rural and urban areas and to expanded road transport in the rural areas to m ake the appropriate linkages between both rural and urban areas. https://zenodo.org/record/17794 10.20372/nadre:17794 oai:zenodo.org:17794 doi:10.20372/nadre:17793 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE ROLE OF RURAL-URBAN LINKAGE FOR SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF KOKOSA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDING RURAL AREAS, WEST ARSI ZONE, OROMIYA REGION, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17784 2025-09-09T06:46:35Z user-006

TILAHUN ATLABACHEW 2025-09-08 Abstract Nowadays, an increase in the amount of solid waste is the most serious problem facing urban centers in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa City is also affected by the problem. The city administration is taking different measures to manage solid waste. The measures taken by the administration includes policy and administrative measures as well as facilitating the establishment of MSEs by unemployed individuals to collect solid wastes in an appropriate way. Even though, the city administration expectations placed on this MSEs to create livable environment and the means to create new jobs for the unemployed individuals, in reality, most of the MSEs face different challenges. Therefore, this study was set to assess how the MSEs are working in solid waste management in Nefas Silk Lafto Sub-city. In doing so, the study identified the gaps of MSEs when managing the solid waste. The study was based on both quantitative and qualitative data. The primary data were collected from 95 members of MSEs who are taking part in solid waste management that are selected by purposive and comprehensive sampling techniques. The respondents were accessed from woreda 03 of Nefas Silk Lafto Sub-city, Addis Ababa were selected purposively. The data were collected through questionnaire, observation, interviews and focus group discussions. Secondary data was also collected based from Woreda 03 waste management annual plan and report. The data gathered through different techniques were analyzed accordingly to the objectives of the study. The study revealed that different types of wastes are collected by the collection crew in the study area. The main sources of solid waste in the study area are residential areas. Regarding the number of solid waste collection days most MSEs members collect wastes two days per week staying on work for longer hours per day. Based on the objectives of the study safety problems, deficiency of financial management capacity, lack of training, low income, skill gap, lack of transport facilities, lack of appropriate place to store the solid waste, the publics’ lack of awareness in segregating solid waste and lack of integration between government, non-governmental and private enterprises are challenges that the study revealed. Based on these findings some recommendations were suggested. For instance, stakeholders such as NGOs, CBOs and the local government has to work together to fill the knowledge gap. This will improve the overall performance of MSEs in solid waste collection. https://zenodo.org/record/17784 10.20372/nadre:17784 oai:zenodo.org:17784 doi:10.20372/nadre:17783 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES IN URBAN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NEFAS SILK LAFTO SUB-CITY, ADDIS ABABA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17770 2025-09-09T06:48:04Z user-006

TAREKEGN TESFAYE 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to assess the socio-economic effects of urban expansion on the surrounding agricultural community of Shinshicho town in SNNPR. To achieve the objectives, a multi-stages sampling technique and Systematic random sampling technique used to select 127 sample households. Besides this, 12 for key informant and 20 FGD selected purposively. The quantitative data analyzed by using frequency and percentage when appropriate while the qualitative data analyzed by narrative word description. Both primary and secondary data used. Primary data from the sample respondents and secondary data from different organizations collected and used for the study. The major findings of this study were the majority of household’s respondents could not get formal employments due to low educational preparation. Rapid urban expansion caused by population growth, in-migration, and reclassification of rural land. Natural, social, financial and human capitals reduced after urban expansion. Farmer’s participation on the planning and decisions making processes was very low. The promised compensation and the executed compensations for expropriated farmland and resources are mismatched and after the urban expansion, famers’ changed their livelihood strategies from agricultural to non-agricultural livelihood strategy. Based on the findings the town administration, Regional and Federal Government should introduce land saving construction designs for homeless people in urban area. give priorities to agreement, awareness and participation on decision-making before actual implementation of the program, Pay Compensation based on the detail observation of expropriated farmland and properties lost and encourage Self-coping mechanisms are created by the expropriated people’s engages to survive their sustainable life. https://zenodo.org/record/17770 10.20372/nadre:17770 oai:zenodo.org:17770 doi:10.20372/nadre:17769 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTSOF URBAN EXPANSION ON THE SURROUNDING AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY: A CASE STUDYOF SHINSHICHO TOWN, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17774 2025-09-09T06:47:40Z user-006

TATEK TESHOME 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to assess the soil and water conservation measures in specific three kebeles of Aleta Chuko Woreda, Sidama Zone, SNNP region, Ethiopia. The major tools used for data gathering were questionnaire, interview, focus group discussion and observation. A total of 333 household heads were selected using systematic sampling techniques for survey questionnaires. About 27 and 13 participants were selected purposively for focus group discussion and interview participation respectively. The research was conducted using mixed research method. Descriptive research design with survey and observational studies was used. The data collected was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The finding of the study illustrated that the factors affecting the implementation of soil and water conservation measures in the study area are: awareness, access to credit, land tenure security, access to information, income, age, education, training, possession of livestock. Agro-forestry and intercropping are the major soil and water conservation measures widely implemented in the study area. The study also identified that the implementation of other measures of SWC was low in the study area. The SWC measures being implemented in the study area were sustainable. Finally, based on the findings of the study, it has been recommended that creating awareness to farmers concerning soil and water conservation measures, expanding local financial institutions to facilitate access to credit to farmers for better investment on soil and water conservation, improving the quality and reach ability of extension services. Expanding enclosure, drainage ditches, stone bunds, mulching, contour trenches, water harvesting, composting and other SWC measures. The government should carefully supervise and maintain the structures installed for water and soil conservation. The practices of water and soil conservation campaign which was conducted once a year should be enhanced both in its frequency and scope to increase areal coverage under SWC practices. https://zenodo.org/record/17774 10.20372/nadre:17774 oai:zenodo.org:17774 doi:10.20372/nadre:17773 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ASSESSMENT OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES: THE CASE OF ALETA CHUKO WOREDA, SIDAMA ZONE, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17788 2025-09-09T06:46:10Z user-006

TILAHUN BEKELE 2025-09-08 ABSTRACT The principal aim of this study was to investigate the causes and consequences of child migration in Dilla town. In order to carry out this study qualitative approach with various data collection tools such as interview, participation observation and focuses group discussion have been employed. Based on objectives of the study: poverty, family death or divorce, large family size, conflict and search for work were identified as causes of child migration to study area. Child migrants as the subjective of this study were selected 30 Child migrants between 8-17 years as a sample through purposive sampling techniques and they have engaged in different economic activities such as shoe-shine, daily laborer, lottery tickets seller, begging, waiter etc. Moreover, the child migrants have faced many challenges. These are shelter, food, health, education, and discrimination. Even though they faced a lot challenges during working and living in the town to secure their basic needs: they develop various strategies to coupe up the challenges. Such as: eat cheap local food, use cheap cloth, sharing shelter, saving, social network and reducing expenses are among the common survival strategies they are using.The children need help in providing working place, training and encourage self-employment and preparing the fertile working condition. These can be done by concerned governmental organizations working on children affaires like, women and children affairs office, municipality, labour and social affairs office and non-governmental organizations in Dilla town such as (‘marry joy’ and ‘child fund’ who are operating in study area) as well as other stakeholders must coordinate their plan together on reducing the challenges of migrants children. Finally this research topic needs other research finding to know deeply about the child migrants in the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/17788 10.20372/nadre:17788 oai:zenodo.org:17788 doi:10.20372/nadre:17787 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD MIGRATION: PERESPECTIVE FORM, DILLA TOWN, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17790 2025-09-09T06:45:00Z user-006

TSION TARIKU 2025-09-08 Abstract The unemployed is numbers of the economically active population who are without work but available for and seeking work including people who have lost their jobs and those who have voluntarily left work This paper is entitled to examine the causes of educated youth unemployment and the life of youths in Dilla townThe source of the data the researchers were used in this study is both primary and secondary source. The study also used in-depth interviews, focus group discussion and direct field observation with a sample size of 20 educated youth unemployed and a total of 12 key informants’in Dilla town administration. Finally based on the result of the finding this research was recommended that the government and the town administration should have to progress the economy and create adequate jobs by attracting labor intensive foreign investment that can create more jobs for educated youths, the government should work for developing good governance, to reduce the skill mismatch problem, action should be taken in enhancing the responsiveness of education institution to the labor market demands by strengthening the linkage between education institutions and the labor market, Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) should have consider and participate educated youth especially lower level trained youth in facilitating and creating at least similar jobs with their profession and action should be taken in enhancing the entrepreneurship skill of the student by giving entrepreneurship as one subject in all educational institution and, arrange credit facilities for educated unemployed to create their own business. https://zenodo.org/record/17790 10.20372/nadre:17790 oai:zenodo.org:17790 doi:10.20372/nadre:17789 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE CAUSES OF EDUCATED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE LIVES OF YOUTH IN SNNPR, GEDEO ZONE THE CASE OF DILLA TOWN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17798 2025-09-09T06:52:55Z user-006

YADEMA ISSA 2025-09-08 Abstract Households face recurrent food shortages most of which threaten their livelihoods and impact negatively on their Welfare. Empirical findings have shown that access to sufficient food is unstable. Therefore, this study intended to assess the household food insecurity status, the coping strategy and associated factors among. Overall, 285 households were selected from the four kebele by multistage sampling (purposive and systematic random). Data were collected using questionnaire, structured interviewing household heads, FGD and observation. The study comprehensively looks the food security status at household level through different descriptive and econometric tools. In this study the categorization of households in to food secure and food insecure is based on an assessment of whether household current consumption is above or below the minimum recommended food energy consumption (measured in kilocalories). Multivariable logistic regression was used to develop model indicating the predictors of outcome variable. Based on the findings of this study, about 66.7% households were food secure and the remaining 33.3% were food insecure. Factors associated with household food insecurity were age, household size, landholding size, agricultural input and household monthly income were statistically significant at 95% CI. However, sex and marital status were not statistically significant at the same confidence level. In the other hand, population increase, seasonal change, land fragmentation and low extension services are also factors for household food insecurity in the study area. The analysis of the coping strategies shows that households practice diverse mechanisms. These include rely on less expensive food, buy necessities, stick to the budget, skip meal, maintain a food garden, borrow food from friends, gather wild vegetables. Engaging households in income generating activities, awareness creation on family planning, rainwater harvesting and providing various inputs were recommended by the investigator to reverse household food insecurity problem in the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/17798 10.20372/nadre:17798 oai:zenodo.org:17798 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17797 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ASSESSEMENT OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY IN WERA WOREDA, HALABA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17846 2025-09-09T06:54:02Z user-006

Lambamo Lamduno 2025-09-09 Abstract The main aim of this thesis is to reconstruct the political, Socio-economic, Cultural and Religious history of Lemo woreda of Southern Ethiopia from 1941 to the present .The study covers the time from the liberation of Ethiopia and restoration of Emperor Haile Selassie I to power in 1941 until the removal of Derg government including the period of peace and security of TPLF /FDRE. The peoples of woredas like the other country side peoples of southern region experienced different socio-economic and political developments. This thesis also, begins with historical study of the district by revealing different developments in the woreda before the Italian occupation. The consolidation and restoration of the Haile Selassie’s old region and reforms that took place by the imperial government in various fields in connection with the administration and land related issues and the responses of the peoples of the woreda to these changes were the main area of concern. Besides this the study points out, the different administrative systems, the expansion of religion, socio-cultural practices and views on security problems in the district. Moreover, this thesis attempted to assess changes and development that the woreda had gone through during the military government and the period of peace and security of TPLF. The study although deals with the history of religion and religious practices in Lemo woreda from conquest of Menelik to the present. It explores the expansion, interaction and interrelationship among the religious, basing on qualitative analysis of oral traditions and critical examination of written sources in the Hadiya Zone. Different types of government systems have emerged in the country and as a result, these continuous changes have their own contribution for the socio-political and religious development in Lemo woreda and its peoples .Different archival sources in the district discard and burnt over changes of regimes, shortage of funds, reluctance of few informants along with the terrine irregularity to get them were Problems that the researcher experienced in attempt to come up with this work. https://zenodo.org/record/17846 10.20372/nadre:17846 oai:zenodo.org:17846 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17845 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A History of Lemo Woreda of Southern Ethiopia 1941 to the present info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17386 2025-09-09T06:59:54Z user-006

Adem Saifu Dammisie 2025-09-05 Islam is one of the universal religions, which introduced into Ethiopia in the early seventh century.Due to the geographical proximity and peaceful relations of Ethiopia with the Arabian Peninsula merchants, artisans, adventurers and clerics seem to have played leading role for the creation of Muslim petty states on the coastal areas and the Ethiopian interior.The introduction of Islam in Ethiopian brought about profound changes in social, cultural and religious developments that have far-reaching effects on the Oromo.The main purpose of this thesis is an attempt to reconstruct and document an Historical account of Islam in Gedeb Hassasa woreda. Geographically, Gedeb is located in the southeasterm Ethiopia in Oromia Regional State West Arsi Zone.The data collection method of the study considered the use of primary and secondary sources using qualitative methods of data collection.In the process of the Islamization of Gedeb region of Arsi, the local Muslim scholars from Balé and the Eastern part of Arsi have played quite a significant role. Several factors were accounted for early contacts of the local people with the agents of Ulama. Cultural similarity between Arsi Oromo and the neighboring Muslim communities was one of main factors for the gradual expansion of Islam into Gedeb area. https://zenodo.org/record/17386 10.20372/nadre:17386 oai:zenodo.org:17386 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17385 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by An Historical Account of Islam in Gedeb Asasa Woreda info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17924 2025-09-09T07:09:39Z user-006

Demelew Tadele 2025-09-09 This thesis deals with history of Yirega Cheffe Town of Gedeo Administrative Zone from its foundation to the present. By using archival, oral and written secondary sources, the thesis gives an analysis of the participation of the people of Yirega Cheffe town in defending their country against the Italian invasion and the scarifice paid by the Patriots of the town in the period of resistance. The administrative rearrangements, the relationship between government officials and the people in relation urban land and taxation, and the security and justice during the Imperial period are also included in the thesis. Moreover, the reforms of the Darg such as the nationalization of industrial, urban and rural land and housing including the land reforms. This thesis reconstruct socio-economic, administrative and political development of Darg regime are described. The town continued to serve as a center of trade in the Imperial and Darg as well as following the regime changes since 1991. In addition, Yirega Cheffe was continued to serve as the administrative center of both Yirega Cheffe Wereda and Yirega Cheffe town until recent. The religious life of the people in this town included Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, Islam, Protestant and Catholic believers existed. The Orthodox Christianity was earliest than other religions exist in this town. In addition to these, the introduction and expansion of modern urban service centers have enhanced the growth of this town. https://zenodo.org/record/17924 10.20372/nadre:17924 oai:zenodo.org:17924 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17923 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Historical account of Yirega Cheffe Town from its foundation to the present info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17920 2025-09-09T07:07:48Z user-006

ADEM TUKULI 2025-09-09 Abstract The thesis entitled "Urbanism and Urbanization among Oromo of west Guji: case of Qercha town. It tries to reconstruct urban and urbanization among the west Guji in general and Qercha Qercha town in particular .In addition ,it attempts to explore the social ,cultural ,economic ,and political aspect of Guji Oromo in general and Qercha town in particular The major themes of this thesis were ,urbanism and urbanization ,social -cultural ,political and religious and economic .While conducting this thesis the research have attempted to utilized available archival materials. In due course oral sources, published and unpublished source were used.Guji one of the Oromo sub-clan living in southern part of Ethiopia mainly in today Borena and Guji admiration zone of Oromia regional state Prior to foundation of Qercha town the area was known by its natural resource such as densy forest that endowed with various wild life ,birds, good climate ,fertile and productive soil, enough water resources .There various interrelated factors that were responsible for the foundation of Qercha town including natural ,political, Historical,economic,socialandculturalfactor https://zenodo.org/record/17920 10.20372/nadre:17920 oai:zenodo.org:17920 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17919 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by RBANISM AND URBANIZATION AMONG THE OROMO OF WESTERN GUJI THE CASE OF QERCHA TOWN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17944 2025-09-09T07:26:49Z user-006

Tigabu Zewudie 2025-09-09 This paper tries to reconstruct a history of Bele town from foundation to Present with special reference to the period since 1941. The year 1941 is taken as the lower benchmark because of since this year because the restoration of Emperor Haile Sellasie I to the power marked the consolidation of centralized policy, which had effect on the overall aspects of the country including the town Bele. I preferred the year 2021 on the other hand as the upper limit of my study because the fast growing of the town sees after the Ethiopian millennium. In carrying out this thesis, the historical investigation depends on describing and analyzing the historical sources: both primary and secondary sources. Therefore, this study has attempted to explore such and other facts through a historical study of the town of Bele between 1941 and 2021. There is a variety of historical writing developments, which are not uniform at all areas, have been occurred in Ethiopia. From the beginning, the northern and central parts of Ethiopia are rich in written history. On the other hand, the Southern Ethiopia had no such advantages and people maintained their history by oral tradition through transmitting from generation to generation. Hence, the historical writing in foundation of Bele to present on this region had not been studied in detail. Notwithstanding, this particular area is rich in natural, historical, and cultural heritages as well as several accounts of socio-economic developments. To this end, this historical study targeted to rebuild the general foundation of Bele town since 1965. The springboard of this study is to reflect the historical reality of the town in particular. I hope that this study is helpful to establish a meaningful urban history in Southern Ethiopia by bringing some urban situations of the town under study. Therefore, this thesis attempted to fill the gap in the historiography of the study area in general and Ethiopia in particular. Nonetheless, the history of the town of Bele with its diverse socioeconomic aspects is much too vast to be fully reconstructing in a thesis. Hence, the thesis does not claim to have exhaustively covered all historical issues and processes that took place since 1941. Thus, it is not a final work and as such, it readily expects improvement from scholarly comments. Methodologically, the thesis works of this kind need to reconstruct the history of the society. Without reconstructing the past foundation of town and comparing it with the present, it would not be possible to judge the changes at present. To reconstruct the past reality, I employed interview as one means of gathering oral information’s of the society. In addition to the interview, the data source for this study analyzed and interpreted documents and letters collected from local archives and record offices of different government and non-government. However, many of the archival sources do not have either folder or file numbers or both folder and file numbers. Despite these problems, I attempted to manage authenticity of source as much as possible. https://zenodo.org/record/17944 10.20372/nadre:17944 oai:zenodo.org:17944 doi:10.20372/nadre:17943 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A History of Bele Town from Foundation(1965) to Present info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17938 2025-09-09T07:20:49Z user-006

AMENSISA MERGA DERESA 2025-09-09 The study focused on the Jaarsummaa as Socio –Cultural History of Ejere Oromo from 1941 -1991, and its implication for urban peace in the study area. The people of Ejere people of north shewa has its own conflict resolution mechanism which named as Jaarsummaa They are renowened for their Jaarsummaa as socio –cultural history, economic and political development has been used for centuries as a major resource in resolving conflicts. They have developed wonderful conflict management strategeies and institutions that play important role in harmonizing their relations with neighboring people. Causes of conflict among Oromo peoples in the Ejere town are theft, abduction, adultery, excessive usage of alcohol, family related conflicts, insulting and conflicts over the violations of agreement resolved by Jaarsummaa often appeal to societal norms, religious values to promote a culture of peace, tolerance, peaceful co-existence and mutual development. Historical overview of Oromo, Oromo of Ejere town, socio cultural practices of ejere Oromo, festivities, irreechaa ceremony, religion, and atete institution.“Oromos have developed a complex system relating to the role of women in conflict resolution.They are sacred humans.Thus, women play important roles as messengers of the peace; they organize themselves and physically intervene between the conflicting parties in case of violence they mobilize the community to respond to the situation of conflict quickly and appropriately; and they serve as a moral voice in times of social turmoil. The Jaarsummaa as socio- cultural history situations realized in an Ejere Oromo peoples is pictured in similar way of Oromo people’s life style of the Emperor to Derg regime. Even though the dictatorial government appreciated assimilation, the Oromos reserved their socio –cultural activites and practiced as much as possible. With the fall of the Imperial regime the political, social and economic condition of Ejere people. The Darg's new reform was soon followed by other legislations and declarations. Even though there was wide spread opposition among the Ejere people against such legislations and declarations, the Darg implemented them almost forcefitlly. Such Obligatory decree in Ejere increased institutional instability and created uncertainty and mistrust among the people against the regime. https://zenodo.org/record/17938 10.20372/nadre:17938 oai:zenodo.org:17938 doi:10.20372/nadre:17937 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by JAARSUMMAA AS SOCIO –CULTURAL HISTORY OF HIDEBU ABOTE OROMO OF EJERE TOWN IN NORTH SHOA ZONE OF OROMIA REGIONAL STATE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17934 2025-09-09T07:14:58Z user-006

ALEMAYEHU TILAHUN ADMASU 2025-09-09 Hora Arsadi Lake is a historical and cultural site, which the great Oromo Irrecha ceremony takes place. Bishoftu town is a historic place of Oromo Irrecha ceremony place since 6thcentury with a few numbers of a participant, now the population of the festival participant from different direction of Ethiopia is estimated to 1 -2 million. Even, the site was a great historic place and the population of festivalgoers is increasing, the site doesn’t gate any development. Lack of road access and open space is the main problem of the site.The main aim of this thesis is to study the socio-cultural significance of irreechaa ritual and the development of tourism in Bishoftu City. The study identified that there are gaps in the level of understanding the cultural significance of irreechaa ritual for the tourism development in celebrating cities of Oromia particularly Bishoftu city. In eliciting the necessary data, the study basically relied or based on primary sources comprising of officials and functionaries of the local administrations, community elders, women, youths, and participants in focus group discussions. With regard to collecting the primary data,interview, observation and focus group discussion were used. The secondary data was reinforced by conducting detailed review and analysis of literatures that also helped in formulating the theoretical frame work. According to the analyses and findings of this study, the irreechaa ritual is celebrated colorfully every year at the beginning of birraa (spring), new season after the dark and rainy summer season at Hora Harsadi of Bishoftu city(historical celebration site ) in which most Oromo participate. The study reveals that, purposely Ateetee and Irreechaa have interconnected and relationship in the Oromo of the study area. It has promoted and enhanced understanding and unity among the Oromo. It has helped to build their common values and shared visions, and consolidated peace (Nageenya Oromo), tolerance and resilience as cultural contribution of the ritual and also there is a shortage of space where the festival takes place at the study area. Thus, a researcher provides a possible recommendation for the gaps and applies some anthropological theories to show the cultural significance of irreechaa ritual. https://zenodo.org/record/17934 10.20372/nadre:17934 oai:zenodo.org:17934 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17933 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by IRRECHA AND ITS CONTRIBUTION FOR THE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BISHOFTU TOWN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17930 2025-09-09T07:12:52Z user-006

Agafari Katiso 2025-09-09 This study focuses on the historical survey of Halaba Kulito town from its foundation tothe present: its foundation, physical growth, economic activities, politico-administration system, religion and social services basically from its foundation tothepresent. In this study, the researcher utilized primary and secondary sources as well as oral information and oral history through interview in order to gather the data. The town has got its development during the Italian period (1936-1941) though the historical foundation of the present Halaba kulito town was directly and indirectly related with the long distance trade in Ethiopia in the 19th century. As the findings of this study show, the location being on the important highway that extends from Hulbereg to the west of Bilate River and has been a crossroad in all directions of the region, its location contributed for the selection and growth of the town as a principal urban settlement and trade centre. The town experienced freedom from the feudal system and land lords during the five years of Italian occupation. Thus, there were various urban services set up during the Italian period. Since the1940s the town got a municipal status; and thereafter the town was administered by the head of the municipality. To some extent, there was a stable political situation in the town during Emperor Hailä selasè I until the 1960s. Like at the end of Imperial regime, the military regime was highly opposed by the inhabitants of the town. However, unlike the situations of the Imperial period, the mode of opposition in the town was underground during the Dergue regime. The town and its environs became a bone of contention among the clans of the Arsi Oromo and Silte. The inhabitants of kulito town practiced mixed economic activities during temponal scope of this study. Religiously speaking, Orthodox Christianity, Protestant and Islam had been predominantly practiced in Kulito town but the majorities are Muslim. Ethnically, the towns inhabited by different ethnic groupswho have lived together in harmonyand tolerance. There was a better setting up of social services in the town during the Derg regime thanthe Imperial regime. https://zenodo.org/record/17930 10.20372/nadre:17930 oai:zenodo.org:17930 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17929 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by An Historical Account of Halaba Kulito Town from its foundation to the present info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17942 2025-09-09T07:24:23Z user-006

Begashaw Arba 2025-09-09 This study is a historical survey of the Dalocha woreda of southern Ethiopia of Siltie zone. The major purpose of the thesis is to reconstruct the political, economic and social history of the Dalocha district. In general, the history of district in the Ethiopian historiography is still at its infancy. This thesis seeks to fill the gap in the historiography of the local history of Siltie. The thesis has six chapters. The first chapter provides highlights on the geography and the people of the district. The second chapter focuses on the regional administration in modern Ethiopia. Third chapter focuses on the history of the Dalocha district under Haile Silassie regime, where as chapter fourth and fifith deals with the history of district during and after the period of Derg regime respectively. Chapter six deals the social services in Dalocha woreda. Historical data used in the thesis consists of three kinds of source. The first category is written secondary literature. However most of these literature deals with works that deal with the general history of Siltie and do not explore developments in the district specifically. The second categories of sources used in the work are primary written sources. These include manuscripts and archival sources. The third category oral information from knowledgeable personalities who had direct or indirect relation with the history of the district of Dalocha as leaders, participants, observers and administrators. I gathered oral information by interview individually and group. I faced a several problems while conducting the research for thesis. First, the archival document of Dalocha had been not well organized. Most of these documents were damaged and burnt down as waste disposal. Even the archival document which I used the thesis were they do not have folder number and some archives I collect from individual who served as local governor and administrator of kebele of the former government and so on. Finally I would like to state that, I make no claim to have carried out a comprehensive research. I hope that my modest contribution will be of great interest and importance to others who want to conduct further research on the history of the district. https://zenodo.org/record/17942 10.20372/nadre:17942 oai:zenodo.org:17942 doi:10.20372/nadre:17941 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A Historical Survey of the Dalocha woreda of southern Ethiopia. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17940 2025-09-09T07:22:27Z user-006

ANELEY AMARE 2025-09-09 The purpose of this study is explore about Catholicism among the Cheha Gurage which making the religious history more meaning full to the Catholicism in the study areas. The reason for helping to established fertile ground for religious tolerance. The understanding of the Catholic Church prior to the second Vatican council focused was infallibility of the pope and the identity of the Church as a prefect society of the world. It had perceived that outside the Catholic Church, there was no salvation. This ideology has been turning point to be emphasized by the Catholic missionary such as Jesuits who involved in the 16th and 17th c Ethiopia. Subsequently, the missionaries of the Catholic Church have been hindered form positive communication and to penetrate the high land of Ethiopia and Orthodox Church in early 17th and late 18th century. Even though, the political instability of the country during Zemen Mesafint (1869-1855) became a core point for the revival of missionary activities in Ethiopia. Christianity is a missionary religion which grew out Judaism and spread to the greater part of the Roman Empire, Especially, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. This resulted, the Christian division of the Church into western Roman Catholic and Easter Greek Orthodox Church in 1054. In the 19th century Catholicism has been gained a certain event and it’s continued to spread in different part of Ethiopia. Mainly Catholic missionary had gained a fertile ground in mainly southern Ethiopia such as Gurage, Kembata, Wollayta, Sidama and other. This paper attempts draw the attention to some of Catholicism among Cheha Gurage, it also attempts to investigate by Catholic missionary and other activities performed by the church in the area. https://zenodo.org/record/17940 10.20372/nadre:17940 oai:zenodo.org:17940 doi:10.20372/nadre:17939 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by CATHOLICISM AMONG THE CHEHA GURAGE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17950 2025-09-09T07:33:00Z user-006

Abdul Hafiz Muhammed 2025-09-09 ABSTRACT This study focused on the historical survey on the development of Modern education and educational institution in Wolkite town since the introduction of modern education in the town in 1943.The study used both primary and secondary data sources. The primary data sources, archival sources, discussion with an eye witness, and interviews. As secondary sources, educational institution, schools, colleges, universities, and documents reports, books, magazines, dissertations, thesis, Journals, and other published and unpublished materials were used. Analyzed data were described using both qualitative and quantitative statistics. It was found that traditional education in Wolkite takes place in school and off school system, in the pre and during the imperial regime like other places. It was dominated by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Islam in teaching of wisdom, skills, traditions and moral values of society using oral literatures. In the establishment of modern education the imperial regime showed due emphasis through introducing 30% educational tax on land and allow nongovernmental organizations to take part in the sector though the number is limited to four primary school. The major emphasis was given to the primary and secondary education more than 85%. Literacy campaign was one of the brilliant approach that increase the literacy rate by more than 50% that contribute to expansion of modern education. There were limitations in the regime with quality as a result of some expansion but their contribution in education to the rural parts of the country and access of educational opportunity for all was significant. After the fall of Derg regime, EPRDF control the power during this time there were policy changes like change of the school level organization, language of education and scripts, allowing nongovernmental institutions to participate in the sector which made a significant role in the educational system. The expansion of modern education during this regime was very great, regardless of the quality related problems. In wolkite there was a big change in number of schools especially in preschool level (K.G). The educational policy plays a great role through allowing private individuals and institutions to participate in the educational sector, which was the major bottleneck during the Derg regime. Hence in the previous two regimes the community of Wolkite was played a great role for development of educational activities of the town. https://zenodo.org/record/17950 10.20372/nadre:17950 oai:zenodo.org:17950 doi:10.20372/nadre:17949 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Education and Educational Institutions in Wolqite Town: An Historical Survey info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17948 2025-09-09T07:31:37Z user-006

BEYENE ASHENAF 2025-09-09 ABSTRACT The beginning of modern education in, more specifi Sidama region cally in Daye town dates back to the 1950s. In the post liberation of the country in 1941, the regime of Haile Selassie worked devotedly to the expansion of modern education, and then a number of primary and secondary schools, colleges and Universities were opened throughout the country in general. The historical progression of modern education in this town and its development was the result of much will power individuals and governments that ruled Ethiopia in the past decades. The local and religious leaders of the own Daye, individual officials of the Haile silassie regime, elder individuals of the town dwellers and the wealthy individuals in the society played great roles in the expansion of modern education in the study area. The first government’s primary school was opened in Daye in 1957 and the following years a number of primary and secondary schools as well as very recently vocational school (Technical and vocational training center) were established and began to give educational services to the students in the town and the surrounding areas. Many measures were also taken by the successive governments as well as all other concerned bodies to make education accessible to different sections of the society like adults and Females. Thus, basic education programs, and literacy campaigns were undertaken to literate adults. A high increase in the number of female students to be enrolled in schools has been observed. But still school for students with disabilities is not opened in the town as well as in the zone in general. However, the fact that modern education in Daye town presented great progress during the past decades of its history, there were unquestionable limitations that challenged its supplementary development. From the beginning, the people’s awareness towards the modern education is a big constraint against the introduction of modern education. In the early time the expansion of modern education in the area of the study was highly affected or challenged due to: the conflicts and war, lack of good curriculum designers, dictatorship of the rules and lack of trained teachers. The activities of educational institutions were not enough to expand and develop modern education in Sidama generally, and Daye town in specifically. https://zenodo.org/record/17948 10.20372/nadre:17948 oai:zenodo.org:17948 doi:10.20372/nadre:17947 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN DAYE TOWN: AN HISTORICAL SURVEY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17952 2025-09-09T07:39:42Z user-006

Habib Tilahun 2025-09-09 The preparation of this paper has its roots based on An Historical Account of Islam Among the Silte of Daloccha Wereda and the study would be to describe and analyze the history of Islam and discuss relevant features in the socio-cultural and political traditions that helped in the process of conversion Islam among Dalocha wereda. The study was conducted from qualitative research perspective; the data were presented in narrative forms based on the participants’ understanding and interpretation in addition to my own reflective analysis based on the voices of the participants and documentary evidences. The interview participants were including Sheikhs, Ustaz, and community elders (religious teachers). The participants were purposely selected using snowball sampling technique based on their knowledge, concern, roles, responsibility, willingness, and cooperativeness on a particular issue.The conclusions of my study bring out that Historical account of Islam in the Siltie of Dalocha area that is assumed to reach its climax during the expansion and hegemony of the Muslim Sultanates in the sixteenth century particularly during the reign of Imam Ahmed, the Sultanate of Adal. Whatever the date, Islam expanded well especially with the main contribution of Islamic scholars (Sheikhs) in the region and shaped the culture and history of Dalocha wereda. These Sheikhs had attended their education in different parts of Ethiopia mainly from Ifat (Dana) in North Eastern Shawa, Harla and Wällo (Seba) the present day of Dese.In the19th century the second period of Islam expanded well especially with the main contribution of Islamic scholars (Sheikhs) in the region shaped the culture and history of Siltie of Dalocha. The the movements of people from south-eastern Ethiopia contributed for the inter-mixing of various peoples and the genesis of the Dalocha and the expansion of Islam in its current form. The third period Historical account of Islam in Dalocha is after EPRDF took over the power in 1991 the establishment of Siltie Zone followed Islamic reform movements like Tablig, Selafiy and Intellectualist movement a great role the expansion of Islam the present Dalocha wereda. They used to play a leading role for the spreading of Islam by constructing madrasas for advanced Islamic teachings, and, in building new mosques here and there in Dalocha. https://zenodo.org/record/17952 10.20372/nadre:17952 oai:zenodo.org:17952 doi:10.20372/nadre:17951 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by An Historical Account of Islam Among the Silte of Dalocha Wereda info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17946 2025-09-09T07:30:09Z user-006

Belete Dana 2025-09-09 Abstract This study focused on the historical survey on the development of Modern education and educational institution in Boditi town since the establishment of the town in 1950s. The study used both primary and secondary data sources. The primary sources used are archival sources, discussion with an eye witness and interviews of the informants. As secondary sources, educational institution, schools, colleges, universities, and documents reports, books, magazines, dissertations, thesis, Journals and other published and unpublished materials were used. Analyzed data were described using both qualitative and quantitative statistics. It was found that traditional education in Boditi town takes place in school and off school system, in the pre and during the imperial regime like other places. It was dominated by the Ethiopian Orthodox church in teaching alphabets and while wisdom, skills, traditions and moral values of society using oral literatures. In the establishment of modern education the imperial regime showed due emphasis through introducing 30% educational tax on land and allow non-governmental organizations to take part in the sector though the number is limited to four primary school. The major emphasis was given to the primary and secondary education which is more than 85%. Literacy campaign was one of the brilliant approach that increase the literacy rate by more than 50% that contribute to the expansion of modern education. There were limitations in the regime with quality as a result of some expansion but their contribution in education to the rural parts of the country and access of educational opportunity for all was significant. After the fall of Derg regime there were policy changes like change of the school level organization, language of education and scripts, allowing non-governmental institutions to participate in the sector which made a significant role in the educational system. The expansion of modern education during this regime was very great, regardless of the quality related problems. In Boditi town there was a big change in number of schools especially in preschool level (K.G). The educational policy plays a great role through allowing private individuals and institutions to participate in the educational sector, which was the major bottleneck during the Derg regime. Hence in the last 70 years, since the foundation of the town efforts made towards the expansion of modern education by government and non-governmental organizations were considerable. The new education policy played the greatest role in the expansion of Education and its educational institutions. https://zenodo.org/record/17946 10.20372/nadre:17946 oai:zenodo.org:17946 doi:10.20372/nadre:17945 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Education and Educational Institutions in the Town of Boditi : An Historical Survey info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17960 2025-09-09T07:49:12Z user-006

Alemayehu Kidane 2025-09-09 Abstract This thesis examines the historical survey of education and an educational institution in the town of Arsi Negele since 1950’s to present. The main objective of this study was to explore historical foundation, expansion and development of education and educational institutions in the town of Arsi Negele. To realize this, primary sources, archival materials, secondary sources and information from some knowledgeable individuals, were gathered through interview and document analysis. The collected data’s were analyzed through qualitative and descriptive analysis approach. For the sake of this study 28 informants were identified by using purposive sampling. While the selection took place the following considerations had taken in to account; educational background, age, work experience and knowledge. Most of the informants were selected from educational institutions (head of education Bureau, Supervisors, school principals) of the town and other old age informants who have the exposure to the issue under investigation. This research would bring a number of benefits for different organs. Firstly it would create clear understanding for the research users about the issue under investigation. Secondly it will provide a brief and reliable account for the education bureau regarding education and educational institutions of the town. Thirdly it also attract and stimulate further researches to be undertaken on the issues raised and other related issues. Finally it is expected to serve as a significant and reliable ground for planners and development partners of governmental and non- governmental organizations. Some of the findings of this thesis were the role of traditional institutions was replaced by modern ones, dynamics of subjects, evaluation system, medium of instruction, administrative strategy, change of parental attitude towards education, mode of educational delivery and technological application, involvement of private business men and special needs education. https://zenodo.org/record/17960 10.20372/nadre:17960 oai:zenodo.org:17960 doi:10.20372/nadre:17959 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Arsi Negele: An Historical Survey of Education and Educational Institutions in the town of Arsi Negele since 1950's to present info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17956 2025-09-09T07:44:18Z user-006

Dejene Kibret 2025-09-09 Abstract The beginning of modern education in Halaba, more specifically in Qulito town dates back to the 1940s. In the post liberation of the country in 1941, the regime of Hailesslassie worked devotedly to the expansion of modern education, and then a number of primary and secondary schools, colleges and Universities were opened throughout the country in general. The historical progression of modern education in the town of Qulito and its development was the result of much willpower individuals and governments that ruled Ethiopia in the past seven decades. The religious leaders of the Halaba, individual officials of the Hailessilassie regime, elder individuals of the town dwellers and the wealthy individuals in the society played great roles in the expansion of modern education in Qulito. The first government’s primary school was opened in Qulito in 1949/50 and the following years a number of primary and secondary schools as well as very recently vocational school (Technical and vocational training center )were established and began to give educational services to the students in Qulito town and the surrounding areas. Many measures were also taken by the successive governments as well as all other concerned bodies to make education accessible to different sections of the society like adults and Females. Thus, basic education programs, and literacy campaigns were undertaken to literate adults. A high increase in the number of female students to be enrolled in schools has been observed. But still school for students with disabilities is not opened in the town as well as in the zone in general. However, the fact that modern education in Qulito presented great progress during the past decades of its history, there were unquestionable limitations that challenged its supplementary development. From the beginning, the people’s awareness towards the modern education is a big constraint against the introduction of modern education. In the early time the expansion of modern education in Qulito, the lack of trained teachers was additional challenge on education in the study area. The activities of educational institutions were not enough to expand and develop modern education in Halaba in general and specifically in Qulito. https://zenodo.org/record/17956 10.20372/nadre:17956 oai:zenodo.org:17956 doi:10.20372/nadre:17955 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Education and Educational Institutions in the Town of Halaba Qulito: An Historical Survey info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17958 2025-09-09T07:47:08Z user-006

DEREJE HAILE 2025-09-09 The main objective of this study is to conduct a systematic survey and documentation on the historic building of Sheikh Khojole al Hassen palace which is found in Gulale sub city, and to examine how urban renewal in the city has affecting its preservation status. To achieve the objective of this study, the researcher employed qualitative method of data interpretation. Both primary and secondary sources are used to accomplish this study. To collect the primary sources, the researcher used a questionnaire that includes both close ended and open ended forms and interviews with selected and knowledgeable heritage and urban experts in Addis Ababa and Gulale Sub-city. In addition, deep and continuous personal observation also conducted by researcher to fill the gaps of interview and related literature. Preserving and conserving historic building in the urban area is currently one of the most universally urgent notices to ensure sustainable urban development. The finding of this study indicate that, documentation on the palace understudy is very controversial and disrespect due to rapid city renewal, reconstruction activities in the city . The result of the study is also indicate that, the current condition of the palace, architectural potential and its historic values are wiped out with its associated relics. Moreover, the sub-city heritage experts did not get awareness from the responsible authorities.The study also identified that the palace is seriously damaged by natural and human destructive factors with instant or gradual function. With regard to the future prospect of the historic palace in the city is unquestionable that the palace will demolish, due to lack of coordination between urban renewal agency and heritage experts. As a result of development activities and modernity, urban renewal and heritage preservation practices are not going with the same pace in the city. Generally, the key argument of this study is that the policy makers and implemented policy need to pay more attention to the historic building preservation in the city; on other words urban renewal and concerning bodies need to assume their role in the protection historic building in the city. This was believed that, a framework police and preserved relics and well documented and preserved historic buildings help to provide adequate identity and efficient development in the city https://zenodo.org/record/17958 10.20372/nadre:17958 oai:zenodo.org:17958 doi:10.20372/nadre:17957 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by URBAN RENEWAL AND HERITAGE PRESERVATION IN ADDIS ABABA: IN THE CASE SHEIKH KHOJOELE al-HASSEN PALACE. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17954 2025-09-09T07:41:38Z user-006

Dadefo Wabe 2025-09-09 ABSTRACT This study deals with a historical survey of the Bishan Guracha Town from its foundation to presents. It explores social, economic, political, military, and administrative and interaction of Arsi Oromo and its neighbour people, it also attempted to show the interrelationship between the themes. Thus, the main themes are social, political, economic and cultural changes during the period under discussion. In dealing with this topic, the researchers have attempted to utilize the available archival materials. Published and unpublished work as well as informants the main sources. In this work the researcher has documented the process extensively and accounts for the growth of major towns in Ethiopia. After brief background of chapters, it deals with three important themes such as social evolution, economic activities, cultural, political and municipal formation and structure. Socially Bishan Guracha was evolved from early beginning town to relatively homogeneous society and culture and place of residence for the diverse population. Even though, the town showed development during imperial regime, due to significant contribution in growth and development of the town was followed by the development of road construction, establishment of different infrastructural in the town. The land grant and taxation reform of imperial regime and villagization of military regime contributed in changing social and economic life of the Bishan Guracha town. Finally, the study argues that in spites of its age growth, the development of Bishan Guracha town was limited due to the fact that lack of concern by last regimes. Despites current attempts by Oromia regional state and Bishan Guracha town administration to attract various investors to the town for the development of the town. The study assesses the town counted long year without using its potential as possible. https://zenodo.org/record/17954 10.20372/nadre:17954 oai:zenodo.org:17954 doi:10.20372/nadre:17953 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A Historical Survey of the Town of Bishan Guracha from Its Foundation to the Present info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17964 2025-09-09T07:51:14Z user-006

Dube Chuluke 2025-09-09 ABSTRACT Bore is one of the districts of the Guji zone in the Oromia region whose history has not been studied. Until recently, historians have not made historical research on the history of Bore woreda. None of the works clearly indicate the meaning of the word "Bore". Though the woreda has counted long ages and has contributed much to the zone, the region and the country as a whole starting from its time of establishment, the history of Bore woreda was not clearly described. Most of the peoples of the woreda have no written evidence that clearly show the historical background of the woreda and the major developments that had been recorded during the Imperial and Military regimes. Bore is one of the greenest woredas in the whole Gujii Zone. The waterfall on “Buqisa” river is a most see destination for tourists planning to visit Bore. But there is no well-constructed all-weather road that leading to this water fall for tourist destination. Most of the people in the Woreda haven't clear information about the introduction of Christianity and Islam as well as their contributions to the woreda. The town that has served as the woredas administrative center for about 72 years still has not been grew well. The town is a commercial center of the zone, as many woredas of the zone are located in the surrounding and do business with this town every day; but the town with such good opportunity and circulating to much finance daily from trade has not developed much. The town is still distinguished by its old age and name. The numerous achievements, registered in the past three decades of years under the current government which are initiatives of further developments felt me to put an interest. The combination of above factors was forced and encouraged me to conduct a research on the history of Bore woreda and to show the degree of problems to concerned bodies. The objective of this study is to reconstruct the political, socio-economic, cultural and religious history of Bore woreda from its foundation to the present. The research methodology applied in this study is the qualitative research method. This method is chosen for the reasons: it used to describe a phenomenon without conducting an experiment; it is chosen for the methods apparentness and directness; and it had undoubtedly been the most popular and the most widely used research method in history. The necessary data have been collected from published and unpublished documents which are available in Dilla and Addis Ababa university libraries, Institute of Ethiopian Studies (IES), and National Archival and Library Agency (NALA). The data have also been collected from 36 key informants who were selected from different kebeles of Bore woreda. In writing this thesis efforts have been made in order to support the oral information with written materials. Moreover, to avoid problems in the use of oral sources significant measures have been taken in using of collected data, evaluating and checking them with the existing literature was the necessary step that have been carried out. The collected data from published and unpublished documents and from informants of the woreda through systematic methods have been analyzed meaningfully and interpreted into their chronological order. This research paper has a great importance to the students of history and the researcher who want to make future study in the similar area. It used to inform all readers about the history of Bore woreda. And it used to serve the NGOs and the tourists as reference. https://zenodo.org/record/17964 10.20372/nadre:17964 oai:zenodo.org:17964 doi:10.20372/nadre:17963 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by The Bore Woreda of East Guji Zone: a Survey of its History, 1928 - 2022 info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17968 2025-09-09T07:53:03Z user-006

DIRIBA SHURSHURA 2025-09-09 Abstract The thesis tries to reconstruct the social, economic, administration, religion institutional and population history of Waliso town from its foundation in 1920s to the present. In this research utilized primary and secondary sources as well as oral information through interview in order to gather the data. As a source indicate that, the town developed considerably from a sizeable village that took a form of town into one of capitals of Chäbo and Guragé Awraja (1941-1989), as the capital of Western Shoa Awraja (1989-1991) and the capital of south west Shewa zone (1991-the present).The thesis begins its discussion with describing various views of urbanization in different disciplines, and then it shed light on a history of urbanization in Africain and Ethiopia. It also explores the foundation and development of Waliso town. Furthermore, it discusses the social, economic, political, religious and urban service facilities during the period under study. The establishment of a market around the hot spring gradually led to the emergence of urban settlement in the area. During the period of Italian occupation, the town developed and took urban form in real sense. At the time, the Italians had constructed asphalt road from Addis Ababa to Jimma via Waliso town. This road facility contributed a lot for the growth of the town. After liberation, the town became the seat of Chäbo and Guragé Awraja. This also greatly contributed for the growth of the town with many people coming and settling there as functionaries of different institutions. The transfer of the old market from country side to the town had contributed for its growth and increment of urban population. During the Imperial regime, there was not tangible development in areas of urban service and facilities, But its attempt to start the road around Ayeetu. However, during the Derg period developments had been seen in areas of road construction, urban services and facilities. More after the fall of Derg the growth of town was rapidly and population was also increase Because Different infrastructures and urban services was widely expanded like road inside and outside of town, college, university different private and public institution was constructed. This thesis will contribute its own share in constructing historical survey of Waliso town, it fills the historical gaps and it paved the way for further study. https://zenodo.org/record/17968 10.20372/nadre:17968 oai:zenodo.org:17968 doi:10.20372/nadre:17967 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF THE TOWN OF WOLISO FROM ITS FOUNDATION TO THE PRESENT info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18437 2025-09-16T06:19:25Z user-006

Alemayehu Banata 2025-09-16 Abstract The focus of this thesis is reconstructing the administrative and socio-economic history of a Gedeo Zone from 1974- present. It also studied as Gedeo had their own administration system called baale before their incorporation to new Ethiopian state and as people were segmented society. The major historical events that were discussed in this thesis were organized chronologically and thematically. So, the study was arranged in four parts. The first part presents introduction: it discuss topics like location, physical landscapes and historical back ground of the society. The second part deals with historical survey of Gedeo People from incorporation to the state to until 1974. In this section the process of incorporation, Italian period achievements and the restoration of the imperial rule and the subsequent reforms that imperial government had introduced especially in relation to administration and land and the subsequent reactions of the people of the Zone to the introduced changes are the main themes of analysis for the period between 1941 and 1974. A negative or positive society’s cultural, political and socio-economic and their traditional way of life included. The third part presents changes in the Zone following Land Reform Proclamation of 1975, formation of peasant association, producer’s cooperatives, villarization, service cooperatives and it also assesses significant social changes. In early period Gedeo were successful. However, since 1977 the Gedeo were disappointed by the Derg’s political policies and the implementation of some of its programs. Fourth the Gedeo got the opportunity to work for the betterment of their social, economic and political status after 1991. Using their right to self-administration, the Gedeo developed and promoted their culture, language and religion; politics and socio economy. However, the relation between its neighbors, special with Guji became conflictual. The thesis deals with the role of strategic location and natural resources of the Zone in attracting foreign tourism and their local traditions and cultural setups of people. A qualitative methodological approach is employed in producing information. In eliciting the necessary data, the study basically relied on primary sources comprising of officials and functionaries of regional and local governments, community elders, and participants in focus group discussions More than 70 resource persons (key informants and FGD members) participated in providing information by responding to queries organized in the form of unstructured interview guides and checklists. https://zenodo.org/record/18437 10.20372/nadre:18437 oai:zenodo.org:18437 doi:10.20372/nadre:18436 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by The Gede'o of Southern Ethiopia:A Survey of their History o of Southern Ethiopia:A Survey of their History o of Southern Ethiopia:A Survey of their History Since 1974 info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18433 2025-09-16T06:13:48Z user-006

ABEBAYEHU SHIBIRU 2025-09-16 ABSTRACT Studies on urbanization in Ethiopia had good beginning since 1960s to early 1970s. Yet the experience of urban historiography did not sustain. This was because the existing studies focus on urban geography, population otherwise political aspects. The researcher project deals about the oldest town of the Teferi Kelahistorical and socio economic developments. It consists historical foundation, social interaction, economic ties, cultural and religious contents. Additionally horizontal expansion of the Teferi Kela town throughout the years is narrated in this research. Thus, the aim of this thesis, basing on qualitative analysis of oral traditions, written sources and archives is to present historical developments of the town. The case that made me to use this methodology is components of my research that means historical research always consisted most of narrative forms of event explanation rather than numeric. To reconstruct this research I try to collect primary source, secondary source written materials, news paper and oral traditions, interview well known elders. Lack of archives due to discard over change of regimes and shortage of funds, reluctance of few informants were problems that the researcher experienced in an attempt to come up with this work. I gate different wide knowledge about the town when I collect the source for example the foundation period of the tow is 1900, historical name of the town is derived from ras Teferi. Fist basic plan as well as development of different infrastructure of the town. The importance of this research is so many at any dimension for instance it give direction for further researcher as a source, in addition to that it tray to full fill the historical gap narrate for long period of time in the local society as a history, other the researcher itself learn many historical account during source collection time this is a great advantage, the research dig out and show the factor that affect the development of the town for long period of time for government as well as dweller and society. It’s being, for many years, the sole center of modern education and health service with moderate climate had used to attract many people’s from distant places. https://zenodo.org/record/18433 10.20372/nadre:18433 oai:zenodo.org:18433 doi:10.20372/nadre:18432 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF THE TOWN OF TEFERI KELA FROM ITS FOUNDATION TO 1991 info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18443 2025-09-16T06:26:29Z user-006

GEREMEW AKAFU UFFE 2025-09-16 Abstract The main purpose of this research is ateetee ritual among the Bacho women community of south west shewa oromo.The study was conducted through a qualitative data collection and interpretation of both primary and secondary sources i.e. knowledgeable people and most relevant books related to the topic. The interviewing of knowledgeable people was the main techniques of gathering information of this research. Oral information gathered as a means of cross checking the data gathered from secondary sources. The interviews included aged women, men Aba Geda, Becho Woreda Tourism and among the existing Kebeles of Becho Woreda. The analysis of collected data regarding to Ateete ritual reference of Becho Oromo in south west shoa.The finding of the study indicates that Ateetee ritual practiced by women in manner of religious and socio political character for cattle fertility rituals.This,Give thanks to God celebrate a birth of a calf since, the Oromo economic well-being in largely dependent on the multiplicity and reproduction of cattle.On otherhand women,ateete ritual is used to blessing their children growth by thank their Waka/god. The Ateete ritual is transferred from generation to generation by the word of mouth and it is cultural asset which has its own setting, values, rituals and materials or objects used as religious symbols.Additionally, Ateetee ceremony represents a ritualized form of protest expressed by women against violence and abuse of their right. It is an occasion when women air their voices against male domination and gender based violence through verbal communications, songs chatting and many forms of paralinguistic expressions. The study farther recommended should make documentation on Ateetee ritual and its different processes and performances should be properly recorded, transcribed into written forms without losing its and the Becho cultural and tourism office try build a place /hall/where the Ateetee ritual practice or show at least in years that help to understand by new generation. https://zenodo.org/record/18443 10.20372/nadre:18443 oai:zenodo.org:18443 doi:10.20372/nadre:18442 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ATEETEE RITUAL AMONG THE BACHO WOMEN COMMUNITY OF SOUTH WEST SHEWA OROMO info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18435 2025-09-16T06:17:08Z user-006

BAYMOT KEBEDE 2025-09-16 Abstract In the Ethiopian Histrography, conducting a research studies on local history is a recent phenomenon. There are several books, articles, journals and research studies conducted on the history of Ethiopia in general and the history of shewa province in particular. However, the history of the local people, their relation to the natural environment and their socio-economic developments was not assessed well and least explored in the Ethiopian histrography. Most historical works of scolars had given more attention and concentration to the history of the country where written and documented historical resource is available and incontrast, the parts of the country with little or no historical sources are not well explored. There for, the local histories of the particular societies are one of the least explored and studied as a major theme in Ethiopian histrography. There for, these research study attempts to investigate the the socio-economic history of the communities in Elu woreda which is found in south west shewa administrative zone from the fall of the imperil regime of Emperor Haile Selassie up to the coming in to power of the Ethiopian people’s revolutionary democratic government in1991 AD. It also analyses the significant changes came on the socio-economic structures, land owning patterns of the peole of the district and the major problems in the process of land distribution as well as the reactions of the land lords and privileged groups of the society as a result of the reforms made by the revolutionary government which came in to power in 1974 AD. The research study also tries to assess the major economic activities which are practiced in the district and tries to assess the major problems to the agricultural activities, challenges to their economic activities and their reactions to the natural factors and environmental challenges occurred in the district in different times.The study also attemps to investigate the socio cultural interactions and co-existence of the community with their neighboring districts and kebelles in differen ttimes. https://zenodo.org/record/18435 10.20372/nadre:18435 oai:zenodo.org:18435 doi:10.20372/nadre:18434 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTORY OF ELU WOREDA, SOUTH WEST SHEWA ZONE (1974 1991) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18439 2025-09-16T06:21:46Z user-006

GEBEYEHU GALDA 2025-09-16 Abstract Historical survey of Education and Educational Institution of Gurage Zone of the Sodo Wereda"s the main objective of this Thesis. To this ending, the revise for the most part depends on the serious investigation of primary and secondary sources. Education for the initial point introduced interested in Sodo Kristine province"s a outcome of the Italian imposing livelihood, those the before occupation schools were closed. The schools established in 1933EC were partly the Vocational and non-secular School was opened for the various purposes. Though, modern education for the whole masses was introduced to when the first government school had been established at Sodo. From 1941-74 it saw considerable adjust, moreover in common service or school expansion. But the school expansion before 1974 was fundamentally limited toward urban centers. The express increase of schools from corner to corner from the Tekili gezat to the awraja had opened from 1974. During in this interlude, schools would be established, and starting from the late 1960s the expansion of modern education in Gurage had given away a sluggish development. In the Studies of the Southern Ethiopia particularly in the Gurage of sodo wereda the historical Survey was still at early life Stage. This is created a big gap in the Historiography of the Educational development of the not only the in the Sodo wereda but also in the Ethiopia in the generally. The Religious, Socio-Cultural, political and the traditional history was least Studies, but not the Researcher was studies the Education and the Educational institutions of the sodo wereda of the Gurage Zone. According to my view these studies fill the historical gape of the Education and the educational institution in the Ethiopian Studies. The thesis studies factors used on the primary and secondary sources, which are includes the Oral and the Archival Sources from the Sodo wereda Education office,CCF voluntary organization sectors and wereda administration Archival Center. https://zenodo.org/record/18439 10.20372/nadre:18439 oai:zenodo.org:18439 doi:10.20372/nadre:18438 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A HISTORY OF EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF SODO WEREDA, IN GURAGUE ZONE: HISTORICAL SURVEY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18445 2025-09-16T06:28:23Z user-006

Getu Aklilu 2025-09-16 Abstract v The major aim of the research is to reconstruct the history of education and educational institutions and to fill the historiographical gap of education and educational institutions in the town of Leku in the period 1945-2018.The year 1945 became a land mark because of the opening of princess Tenagneworq primary School in the town of Leku, it covers until 2018. Basic and relevant primary sources, Secondary sources, Archival materials mainly from some schools in the town of Leku, from national archival center in Addis Abeba, Wolde Meskel Memorial center in Addis Abeba and IES library in Addis Abeba University are used as much as possible. In my research qualitative research approach was used. My key informants were selected purposefully by putting into consideration their experience and educational background in relation to education in the town of Leku. The data collected by means of different techniques were carefully used, translated and analyzed qualitatively. Findings, Ras Desta Damtew used the town of Leku as a seat to Sidamo province this became the major event for the beginning of modern education in the town of Leku. Most of the families in the town of Leku usually send their children to St.George church to acquire knowledge irrespective of their religious difference. However, after 1991 with the expansion of private schools, they ceased to send their children to the church as a result the skill of students to read and write before they joined formal school became highly decreased. Different missionaries in the town of Leku were used education as a meanse to have many converts but through time they began to focus only on religious matters, so, nowadays there is no missionary school in the town of Leku. https://zenodo.org/record/18445 10.20372/nadre:18445 oai:zenodo.org:18445 doi:10.20372/nadre:18444 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Leku: A Historical Survey of Education and Educational Institutions from 1945-2018 info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18431 2025-09-16T06:12:01Z user-006

SAMUEL WOSENE 2025-09-16 ABSTRACT The focus of this thesis is exploring from the Nineteenth century military garrison to the modern urban centre, the historical foundation of Gobba town of the southern Ethiopia. The study covers the period from the reign of Menelik II to the present. The study is important to shed light on the foundation and growth of Gobba town. Especially is assessed the political, economic, social, cultural and religious developments of the study area during the period under discussion. The study essentially conducted by using the data collected from both primary and secondary sources. To mention, archival sources PhD dissertations, letters, journals, proceedings, magazines, books and periodical publications were used. In addition to this twenty Five oral informants also intervened. The collected data were evaluated by checking and counter checking with other sources. Finally analysis and discussion were made using the qualitative method of research. https://zenodo.org/record/18431 10.20372/nadre:18431 oai:zenodo.org:18431 doi:10.20372/nadre:18430 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by From a Nineteenth Century Military Garrison to a Modern Urban Centre: An Historical Account of the Goba town of Southeastern Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18441 2025-09-16T06:23:56Z user-006

Gemechu Tafa 2025-09-16 PREFACE This thesis attempts to reconstruct An Historical Accounts of Shakiso town from its foundation to present. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with the backgrounds of the study. The second chapter deals with the Development process of the town during Italian occupation, Post-Italian Development (1941-1974), during the Derg Regime since from 1974 – 1991, Reform of the Derg since 1975 and Development of the town from 1991 to Present. This chapter tries to explain the administration system during the periods of Italian occupation to the period of the present time. It also tries assesses the political and socio-economic situations of the town. The third chapter emphasizes on developments of Infrastructure and Social facilities in the town. It describes about the infrastructure of the town like educational service, health care service development, Housing service development, Electric power services, banking service, postal service, Recreational areas and Sport facilities, transportation, Municipal Services and urban Environment. The last chapter attempts to describe the main economic activities of the town. It includes investment activities, mining, Gold Mining Development, Trade Activities and Micro and Small Enterprise Development in the town. https://zenodo.org/record/18441 10.20372/nadre:18441 oai:zenodo.org:18441 doi:10.20372/nadre:18440 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by An Historical Account of Shakiso Town from Its Foundation to the Present info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18475 2025-09-16T07:02:22Z user-006

MULUNEH LABENA 2025-09-16 Abstract Attempts have been made to study various socio-economic, cultural and religious aspects of the Wolaitta people by local and expatriate scholars. However there are no detail studies on when and how Catholic mission entered in the area and influenced societal life. Therefore, this work attempts to examine thoroughly about the Historical developments of Catholicism among Wolaitta and changes that occurred on the overall life of the people following the arrival and expansion of Catholicism. Using qualitative paradigm, the study was conducted employing two methods of collecting and analyzing historical sources. Interview was the basic method employed to obtain data from for this research complemented by observation. Informants consulted were elders, and religious men (catechists, abbas, and pastors) possessing deep knowledge on the issue. Published and unpublished materials like (articles, thesis, dissertation, journals and books) and etc…. have been utilized. They have been obtained from Addis Ababa University’s IES and Hawassa and Wolaitta Soddo University. The dearth and lack of archival sources was a great challenge in the reconstruction of this thesis. However, this thesis attempts to document the arrival of Catholicism, its expansion and the process of conversion of the people. Catholic missionary expanded in the area by giving the multi-purpose social service, employing the strategy of donation and preaching. Accordingly, low economic status, active involvement of missionaries in evangelization, government policies like military recruitment and villegization led to mass conversion of the people; mainly the young generation. The mass conversion overflowed indigenous belief system and sacraments are performed by Catholics on the basis of Christian orientation. Therefore, the indigenous culture is highly eroded in many aspects. In general, it is possible to see the impact of Catholicism on the Wolaitta people in two ways. In one way it brought a negative impact which became a factor for the decline of Indigenous culture of the Wolaitta people while, the positive impacts were closely linked with avoiding harmful practices through traditional religion and in fulfilling modern public services such as education, health care, and soon for the society. https://zenodo.org/record/18475 10.20372/nadre:18475 oai:zenodo.org:18475 doi:10.20372/nadre:18474 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by CATHOLIC MISSIONS IN THE TOWN OF SODO: A STUDY OF ACTIVITES OF MISSIONS AND LOCAL CONVERTES info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18491 2025-09-16T07:38:22Z user-006

OUMAR TUKE 2025-09-16 ABSTRAT The thesis aims to describe and document a History of Protestant Christianity in Adaba Warada. Specifically, it explains to assess the mechanisms through which Christianity was introduced and examine circumstance in which the actors expanded Christianity to the study area and the response and the reaction of the people of the peoples. The study was conducted through a qualitative data collection and interpretation of both primary and secondary sources. In dealing with the thesis, I have attempted to utilize the available archival materials, published and unpublished works as well as key informants. Primary data were collected from Archive of the West Arsi Zone Finance and Economic Development office and Education office, Adaba Wareda Education Office, Kofale Culture and Truism office, the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, Ethiopian National Archival Library Agency and key informants. Secondary data were collected from the libraries of Dilla University, Addis Ababa University, and the Institution of Ethiopian Studies. The secondary sources like relevant literature of different books, internets, articles, and journal articles published and unpublished were also used in order to provide theoretical frame work to the thesis topics. The interviewing of knowledgeable people was the main technique of gathering information for this thesis. Oral information gathered though interviewing was used as both sources of primary information and as a means of cross chucking the data gathered from secondary sources. The interview was conducted with elders of local region, elder mission health workers, administrative church leaders, and elder form local clergy using purposeful sampling technique methods. Based on the collected sources, my study attempted to assess how Christianity was expanded during the Imperial, Military and the EPRDF period was discussed. In addition to this, the introduction and expansion of Christianity in the area brought a chance to the people of the, to change the culture of the society both positively and negatively in putting effects in socio-economic, political and cultures was seen. Besides these I was also finding out the ethnic inter mixture, cultural integration created, sought to bring about religious assimilation and the preexisting Oromo culture of African heritage largely were weaken totally was also reviews. https://zenodo.org/record/18491 10.20372/nadre:18491 oai:zenodo.org:18491 doi:10.20372/nadre:18490 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by SUMMER POST GRADUATE PROGRAM IN HISTORY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18477 2025-09-16T07:06:51Z user-006

MOGES GIRMA NIGUSIE 2025-09-16 Abstract This study deals with A Historical Survey of Kuyu Districts. It explores social, economic and administrative themes, of Kuyu Woreda during different regime and its impacts on the society of the Woreda. The Kuyu evolved during the period of the different regime relatively homogenous society and culture to a place of residence for a diverse and increasingly cosmopolitan population. The period of Italian occupation (1936-1941) was socially significant because it saw the first major influx of people into the Kuyu District from beyond the borders of the former Regime whose name it had inherited. The Post-Liberation period (1941-74) was characterized by the evolution of an even more complex social fabric than before. An even greater influx of people and greater interaction came about partly because the imperial order retained and enhanced Kuyu primacy in the region and partly because economic developments in the region attracted thousands of job-seekers to the distirct. Economically, the story of Kuyu during this period was one of both continuity and change. It is a story of continuity because Kuyu, which had from the very beginning been a center of trade, continued to be so during this period also, Administratively, Kuyu during this period developed from the center of rule by a local and different regime. The background for this was set by the ending of the autonomous political existence of the Salale Awaraja and its full absorption into the political economy of the Ethiopian state on the eve of the Italian occupation of 1936. The imperial system of administration that was put in place after Liberation simply built on that beginning. The social, economic and administrative history of Kuyu are closely intert wined. Socio- economic activities during derg thr villagazation and settlement it changed the socio- economic of the communities. The land proclamation in 1975 more and less it satisfied the society of Kuyu Woreda and the agricultural Marketing Corporation in Kuyu to improve shortage of povert and infrastructure. The farmer it get the land to plot during the Derg regime than the imperial period. https://zenodo.org/record/18477 10.20372/nadre:18477 oai:zenodo.org:18477 doi:10.20372/nadre:18476 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF KUYU WOREDA (1941-1991) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18471 2025-09-16T06:57:50Z user-006

MELIKAMNESH YICHENEKU. 2025-09-16 ABSTRACT This thesis investigates the History of Dilla town from 1974 to 2018. It focuses on the administration, economic and social service change the evolved during the period of derg and EPRDF. In this study the research utilized primary and secondary sources. Primary sources of data from oral tradition, field observation, interview, key informants, and focus group discussion and as secondary source, reports and documents from the organisations, were used for collecting data. The town administration system of Dilla town from 1943 to 1991 has been based on the municipality. Being 1994, the ministry of urban development designed the new administration systems led by the town the mayor and encompasses at mean after 1994. During the derg regime Dilla went through different change in some case it was manifested by the emergence of new political and socio-economic program. The introduction of various program many areas of the district the land reform proclamation, the formation of peasant association producer and service cooperation. One of the areas of development for which the military government could by praise was in the expansion of education, clinic, road and other social service. During the period between 1991 and 2018 significant change occurred in the social economic spheres in Dilla town. The development of factory is very crucial development of town government and non-government supported by budget and expand investment more effort should exerted such as manufacture industry, small scale industry, baseness intuition and service industry. https://zenodo.org/record/18471 10.20372/nadre:18471 oai:zenodo.org:18471 doi:10.20372/nadre:18470 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by AHISTORY OF DILLA TOWN FROM 1974 to PRESENT info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18469 2025-09-16T06:56:04Z user-006

MELAKU ABATE 2025-09-16 ABSTRACT In recent years considerable research has been conducted into various aspects of the urban history of Ethiopia. Consequently, much more is known about the history of hitherto overlooked urban centers of Ethiopia. Despite advances made in the literature, there still is lack of a comprehensive research in the history of the evolution and growth of religion and religious institutions in urban Ethiopia, hence my interest in this research project. This thesis which focuses on the century old history of Religion and Religious Institutions in the Town of Dessie aimed at filling the glaring gap in the religious of urban historiography of Ethiopia through a critical historical analysis of such questions as when did the various Christian churches come to Dessie? How was Islam introduced to the Dessie area? What were the factors that played decisive roles in the evolution and expansion of religious Islam institutions in town of Dessie? How did the Christian and Islamic institutions in the educational life of the community of the area under study? So as to answer these basic research Question data obtained from various sours were systematically analyzed and interpreted. https://zenodo.org/record/18469 10.20372/nadre:18469 oai:zenodo.org:18469 doi:10.20372/nadre:18468 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by RELIGION AND RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS IN THE TOWN OF DESSIE, A HISTORICAL SURVEY, 1886-1986 info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18495 2025-09-16T07:40:47Z user-006

REGASSA TAFA BIRRI 2025-09-16 Abstract Studies on Urbanization in Ethiopia had good beginning since 1960s to 1970s. Yet the experience of urban historiography did not sustain. This was because the existing studies focus on urban geography, population and political aspects. Thus the aim of this thesis, basing on qualitative analysis of oral traditions, written sources and archives is to present the historical developments of the town. Lack of archives due to discord over changes of regimes and shortage funds, reluctance of few informants were problems that the researcher experienced in an attempt to come up with this work. https://zenodo.org/record/18495 10.20372/nadre:18495 oai:zenodo.org:18495 doi:10.20372/nadre:18494 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF THE TOWN OF GINDO FROM ITS FOUNDATION TO 1991 info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18515 2025-09-16T07:58:59Z user-006

Tefera Getachew 2025-09-16 Abstract From the point of view of the philosophy, perspective and methodology, historical investigation and research in Ethiopia has been tuned by a general national theme (mega history). It is not exaggageration, to say that thehistory of Ethiopia will remain in complete and cannot be written until the Ethiopian historians connect it with the geographical and cultural contexts of the local history of the multi-ethnic society as a yardistic or benchmark. Nevertheless, until very recently, though much is written about the political orientation as a national history of Ethiopia, by comparison, little has been written about the socio-economic life of the communities across the country. The Salale /North Shawa) in general and Degem in particular is one of such marginalized areas, is still a mysterious issue to those who study or specialize in it, hence viewed as “people with history”. Therefore, the purpose and the rational of this thesis is therefore to fill the gap by researching and reconstructing this kind of Socio –economic history and contribute to the foundation and framing of the Ethiopian socio economic history to 1991 a real and total picture of the country as a whole. From this stand point one can safely argue that since the history of the Salale Oromo (Shawa Oromo) of Degem is part and parcel of the general history the Oromo as a whole and Ethiopian people in general, the study of early modern and modern history of Ethiopia may serve as a critical conceptual framework and as a linking attributes to formulate paradigms as a tool to interpret and reconstruct the modern socio-economic history of Degem warada. Based on this the study attempted to chart the correct interpretation, perspective and methodological scholarship to reconstruct the history that reflect the real socio- economic image of the warada in question by confining the research frame to a manageable and tangible frame of time and space to a period between 1941 and the 1991 In this context of a geographical and time perspective the study cover virtually the most significant and the most imaginative historical issues that assist in providing theories, that perceive more tenuously, a possible explanations in special reference to the fantastic stories aboutthe socio- economic developments that the warada had experienced just after the establishment of the fascist occupation. The study presented a scheme for analysis of the general change of fashion in the restored imperial tax reforms, the feudalexploitation and the condition of peasantry are the main themes of analysis for the period between 1941 and 1974.Moreover, the reforms of Darg such as Rural Transformation and land reform, the establishment of peasant Associations, producers, cooperatives, villagization and. In addition to these the infrastructure such as Road construction, water, health, educational Facilities, Telecommunication, postal Service, Eletricity, Livestock breading, Bee - keeping and Trade and market, hand crafts. Inaddition saving and social net work and others in generally included; our conception of the Degem warada cannot adequately mirror a total picture of the then community. Hence, the study made a particular progress in the analysis of the socio economic history. https://zenodo.org/record/18515 10.20372/nadre:18515 oai:zenodo.org:18515 doi:10.20372/nadre:18514 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by SOCIO – ECONOMIC HISTORY OF DEGEM WARADA, NORTH SHEWA ZONE OF OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, 1941 -1991 info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18523 2025-09-16T08:08:16Z user-006

TESFAYE CHARE BOYA 2025-09-16 Abstract This cultural asset assessment work was carried out from 23rd December 2019 to January 31st of 2020 among the Konso people of southern Ethiopia. The main objective of this study was to explore the types, genesis, meaning and functions of cultural elements of Konso Cultural Landscape and describe social institutions and values accompanying each unique traditions and practices and to assess the status of each cultural elements of KCL (which comprises walled towns, terraces, Moora, sacred groves, Dinna, Harada, Waaka, daga-diruma, daga-xhella and Olahita) with the purpose of ensuring the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to the future generations. The methods used to conduct the study include: observation, in-depth interview and focus group discussion. In spite of the prevalence of certain challenges I faced mainly with regard to the difficulty to observe the maintenance works of the cultural properties of KCL as a field work was conducted during the time when farmers were preparing for harvesting hakayta and those who were working in the lowland of segen were harvesting their grain or cereal, shortage of time and financial constraints, I trie4d my best in gathering relevant information essential for my paper. The findings of this investigation showed that Konso customary traditions and practices have demonstrated an enormous level of resilience and autonomy in the face of changes brought by the deterioration of ecological condition of the area, modern education and globalized religion. The study revealed that the wall of Olanta walled town was getting deterioration. People started to extract stone terraces for construction purposes. The introduction of modern education and Christianity brought numerous changes on the function of Moora, the curving and erection of Waaka underwent changes resulting from conservative Christians, illegal trafficking, and modernity. The introduction of modern education and Christianity were against the tradition of erecting daga-diruma, daga-xhella, and Olahita. The study revealed that the dinna forest surrounding towns have been destroyed due to population increment, developmental pressures and expansion of new agricultural fields. The sacred forests of the Poqalla are at their intact states. The tradition of harta (Hararda) continued as water collecting tanker in every part of Konso and maintained communally by the help of Kanta (ward) organization. https://zenodo.org/record/18523 10.20372/nadre:18523 oai:zenodo.org:18523 doi:10.20372/nadre:18522 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by KONSO OF SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA: THE STUDY OF THEIR DISTNICTIVE TRADITIONS AND PRACTICES info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18525 2025-09-16T08:09:50Z user-006

Tesfaye Wachamo 2025-09-16 This study deals with the historical survey of Soro woread from 1982 to present. It explores social, economic and administrative themes, but also attempts to show the interrelationship between these themes. Socially, Soro evolved during this time from a home-town of a relatively homogenous society and culture to a place of residence for a diverse and increasingly cosmopolitan population. The period of Italian occupation (1936-1941) was socially significant because it saw the first major influx of people into Soro from beyond the borders of the former Kingdom whose name it had inherited. The Post-Liberation period (1941-74) was characterized by the evolution of an even more complex social textile than before. An even greater influx of people and greater interaction came about partly because the imperial order retained and enhanced. Economically, the story of Soro during this period was one of both continuity and change. administration that was put in place after Liberation simply built on that beginning. The social, economic and administrative historical survey of Soro are closely intertwined, however. The admixture of peoples and cultures as well as the nature of the urban social institutions that evolved in the Soro are closely tied to “the cash crop revolution ” the evolution of the Soro into administrative center as well as the introduction of somewhat peculiar administrative and fiscal institutions came about in part due to the location of the Soro in the heart of the “crop production” as south nation nationality of people republic came to be referred. In short, both the urbanity and the urbanization of Soro can be explained by the story of crop production and marketing. This thesis also, begins with historical study of the district by revealing different developments in the woreda before the Italian occupation. The consolidation and restoration of the Haile Selassie’s old region and reforms that took place by the imperial government in various fields in connection with the administration and land related issues and the responses of the peoples of the woreda to these changes were the main area of concern. Besides this the study points out, the different administrative systems, the expansion of religion, socio-cultural practices and views on security problems in the district. Moreover, this thesis attempted to assess changes and development that the woreda had gone through during the military government and the period of peace and security of TPLF. https://zenodo.org/record/18525 10.20372/nadre:18525 oai:zenodo.org:18525 doi:10.20372/nadre:18524 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A Historical survey of Soro Woreda of Southern Ethiopia Anciant to the present info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18529 2025-09-16T08:13:31Z user-006

Hirbo Daygo 2025-09-16 ABSTRACT There is no historical research done on the history of Mega Town. Thus, this study aimed to construct Historical survey of Mega town of Oromia regional state of Borena zone. To achieve this goal, an attempt was made to collect authentic data source from local elders and archival materials. The analyses have been made on the oral interviews and different archival document to maintain its validity and originality through examining and cross checking primary and secondary sources. Thus, exploratory research design was used to address the aim of the study. The study has encompassed from the foundation of Mega town to present. Therefore the study has identified that the town was founded as garrison town during the boundary expansion of Menilik to the area and the officials, solders and those who came with them had permanently settled at in and around the site .The prevalence of peace and stability in the area with the help of officials and soldier of the garrison contributed its early growth. The town had shown expansion and growth throughout the imperial period from village town to big town due to deferent determinant factors like the rise of modern bureaucracy, the period of Italian occupation, the land tenure system and the introduction of crop product and marketing. The growth and development of the town was very slow, however, major development and change in Mega town was observed after the imperial and Derg regime. The social service industry like the rise of municipal administration, improvement in road and transportation, telephone and postal service, electric service, financial institutions, education, hotel and motel and housing service in town have made its expansion. Other development in micro industry and enterprise and social institutions have widely been increased in the town with continuous change and improvement. Finally, Mega Town become an important hub of commercial, educational, political and social service delivery hub for Borena community in particular, and surrounding Borena and other new comers nations in the area and also adjacent woredas as well people who travel across Mega town along Addis Ababa Kenya road in general. Therefore the government and stack holders should keep their role in improving socio-economic activities of the town for better development. https://zenodo.org/record/18529 10.20372/nadre:18529 oai:zenodo.org:18529 doi:10.20372/nadre:18528 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by The Southern Ethiopian Town of Mega: A Survey of Its History info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18519 2025-09-16T08:04:00Z user-006

TEMESGEN TADIWOS 2025-09-16 Abstract Researchers have not yet properly studied the history of Dale Woreda. Nevertheless, the purpose of this study is to conduct a research on the history of the Woreda. It is designed to fill or bridge the existing gap in literature by investigating the historical development of the Woreda focusing on the political, social and economic aspects. This study is a historical survey of Dale Woreda from 1941 to 1991. The year 1941 is taken as a springboard in which the Italian occupation (1936 -1941) had social and political significance in development o of Dale Woreda and Sidama Awuraja. The end of Italian occupation (1941) was followed by the restoration of Emperor Haile Sellassie I to power. He hence further established a strong centralized administration in the country. Generally, this study deals with the reconstruction of the socio-economic and political history of Dale Woreda over half a century. It mainly focuses on the economic, social and political changes during the period of Emperor Haile Sellassie I, the Dergue and the current regimes.Based on the accumulation of national archive, oral and written sources. The whole events that occurred in the Woreda have been discussed properly. Therefore, various knowledgeable informants were systematically interviewed in thirty-six Qebeles of the Woreda. Based on the methods of historical investigation all data gathered from informants were critically analyzed and interpreted. The political and socio-economic system of Dale Woreda and radically changed after the Italian occupation of Ethiopia in 1936. The restoration of Emperor Haile Selassie I in 1941 brought some political and administrative reforms in Dale Woreda and the rest Sidama lands. In addition, the rise of the socialist-militarist Dergue regime in 1974 brought a new political, administrative and economic system of improvement in the life of most the local people of the Woreda (district of Dale). Through distribution of the former feudal and bourgeoisie’s lands to poor peasants and through establishing cooperative workers associations and peasant associations to improve the life of peasants, despite some negative consequences in the socio economic and political system of the socialist militarist regime https://zenodo.org/record/18519 10.20372/nadre:18519 oai:zenodo.org:18519 doi:10.20372/nadre:18518 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by DALLE WOREDA OF SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA; A SURVEY OF ITS' HISTORY FROM 1941 UP TO 1991 info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18517 2025-09-16T08:01:57Z user-006

Telliso Talto 2025-09-16 Abstract This thesis is a study of Catholic religion in Wolaita. It was mainly introduced to Wolaita from the 1920s. Catholicism evolved in Wolaita during the period of 1920s to till now. Catholicism in Ethiopia has a long history. After the division of the Churches in the 5th century following the Council of Chalcedon (451) the Ethiopian Church was doctrinally separated from the Catholic Church in the West and also later largely isolated from contacts with it. The attempt to win Ethiopia to Catholicism in the reign of Susenyos ended in disastrous failure and it was not until the 19th century that Catholicism gained a rather precarious foothold in Ethiopia. Starting from the 1920s it was able to make progress and my thesis and studies tries to show how it progressed from the1920s in Wolaita. In spite of this, however, it has so far received inadequate scholarly attention. Even the small numbers of studies on Catholicism are limited and fragmented. My thesis tries to give a comprehensive coverage of Catholicism in Wolaita and as a major aim, to put Catholicism from the 1920s to present into the social and political context of Wolaita. Social history, often called the new social history, (though it is no longer new) is a broad branch of history that studies the experiences of ordinary people in the past. In its "golden age" it was a major growth field in the 1960s and 1970s among scholars, and still is well represented in history departments including religious history. “The spirit of the 1960s social history responding in its own way to the „winds of change , " was pre-eminently a modernizing one, both chronologically, in the choice of historical subject matter, and methodologically, in the adoption of multi-disciplinary perspectives.” Therefore, present social history themes vary much more. The history of religion refers to the record of human religious experiences and ideas. My study therefore, is meant to fill the gap in the field of socio-cultural and religious history of Wolaita. In addition, this thesis can also, hopefully, contribute to the study of southern peoples and various Vicariates of Ethiopia, particularly the neighbors of Wolaita. https://zenodo.org/record/18517 10.20372/nadre:18517 oai:zenodo.org:18517 doi:10.20372/nadre:18516 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A History of Catholicism in Wolaita info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18531 2025-09-16T08:15:49Z user-006

WORKU SHANKA SABORE 2025-09-16 Abstract This study attempts to reconstruct the socio-economic and cultural developments and its impacts of the history of Protestantism in Soddo Town since 1920s. It mainly depends on the critical examination of primary sources and oral information. The religious practices of the new protestant faith have been exercised in Wolaita and Soddo Town since 1920s. Starting from 1937 onwards Protestantism was highly spread and expanded in Soddo. The post 1941 period, also paved a new chapter after the missionaries returned to Ethiopia from USA and other areas. They first reached to Soddo in 1928 and started their preaching then. They played their role in the socio-economic and cultural developments in Soddo Town until1974. The missionaries worked to lean the attitude of the despised members of the past through teaching about equality, fraternity and fairness. However, this was challenged by the new shoan comers and some local governors in the area under the study who tilted to Orthodox Christianity. But, some administrative bodies like Bogale Walalu asked the central government the permission when his majesty made an official visit to Wolaita and Soddo. This was born a new way to the missionaries freely worship and preach whatever religion that they were following in the area under the study. As a result, since 1920s, the spread and expansion of the new faith Protestantism brought different positive and negative historical consequences on the socio-economic and cultural spheres in Soddo town which still the remembered in the historiography of Wolaita in general and Soddo Town in particular. Among many contributions, the protestant missionaries worked in building schools, health institutions and even taking part in changing the minds of the local people which was filled with the traditional habits. However, the new faith Protestantism provides various negative results on the indigenous cultural realities of the people of Wolaita in general and SoddoTown in particular https://zenodo.org/record/18531 10.20372/nadre:18531 oai:zenodo.org:18531 doi:10.20372/nadre:18530 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF PROTESTANTISM IN SODDO TOWM SINCE 1920s info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18527 2025-09-16T08:11:29Z user-006

TESHOME RETA 2025-09-16 Abstract The purpose of this study is toreconstruct the historical foundation and development of Adele town to 1991. Adele is the capital of Arsi. Arsi was incorporated into the expanding force of Ethiopian feudal empire in 1886 as a result of the battle of Azule after which immediately the conquering forces established military garrisons which later developed into ketemas and administration centers. This study is alsoaimed at recognizing; the social, cultural, politico economic and religious changes in comparing with the indigenous peoples of pre- existing traditional way of life with the emergence and development of Adele town as administration center. The study has various primary and secondary sources. The primary sources consultedby the researcher were traditional institution, cultural ceremonies, existing natural spiritual places, eye witnesses that are cross checked with the written sources relating to the topic under study. The secondary sources include such historical sources astheses, journals and history books. To this end, the researcher employed different data gathering techniques such as observation, interviews, archival records, and analysis of documentary sources. Qualitative research writing method is the main method applied for this study. The data which were collected through different techniques were analyzed interpreted and finally synthesized qualitatively. The transformation of the Adele town establishment area to Urban center the increase of Urban dweller size, high interaction with people of different ethnic, linguistic and religious back ground origin and the reduction of once existing forests were some of the Findings of the Research. https://zenodo.org/record/18527 10.20372/nadre:18527 oai:zenodo.org:18527 doi:10.20372/nadre:18526 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ART IN HISTORY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18521 2025-09-16T08:06:16Z user-006

TESEMA CHALE 2025-09-16 ABSTRACT The dweller of Bona towns and its environment practices different religion; which are includes Abrahamic religion (Christian and Islam) and those who worship non-Abrahamic, called cultural (traditional) religion. The major goal of this study was to document the Religion and Religious Institution in the Bona Town. To achieve this goal, I attempt to collect qualitative source through interview thoes who has basic knowledg about study area which include; priest, pastor, dweller of the town, localy intelctual, clan chieftan, religious leader, office holder, by capturing photography, field work. Which is cross-check with secondary , capturing photography, by referring secondary data; such as published and unpublished books, document, and relevant material that are related with topic. When I conduct the study a town and its around is one of the most interesting area of religious tolerance and mutual coexistence between religious groups during the expansion. Christians and Muslims usually share their happiness and sorrow. Finally the study conclude that; the Religion and Religious Institution in the Town and its around was introduce and expand by different time and activities. Since its expansion the religion and religious institution in the town and its around providing different social service in addition to worship. On the other hand traditional religion was affected by the coming of Abrahamic religion. https://zenodo.org/record/18521 10.20372/nadre:18521 oai:zenodo.org:18521 doi:10.20372/nadre:18520 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by RELIGION AND RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS IN THE TOWN OF BONA HISTORICAL SURVEY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18559 2025-09-16T08:47:05Z user-006

TADEGE TESHOME 2025-09-16 ABSTRACT The advancing threat of land degradation continues to put sustainable livelihoods at risk in the study area. Diverse array of farm level Sustainable Land Management technologies was recommended as a potential solution for combating land degradation. However, sustained use of these practices is far below the expectation. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of farm level implementation of sustainable land management practices among smallholder farmers in the study area. Mixed research approach was employed in order to conduct this study. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to draw sample household heads. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative data collection approaches. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires, whereas qualitative data were collected using direct observation, focus group discussion, key informant interview and interactive on-farm walks. Data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Binary logit model and descriptive statistic were used to analyze quantitative data. The qualitative data were presented in the form of narration and used as supportive data. The result revealed that a household head’s education level is a major factor that affects sustainable land management practice. The major land management practices implemented by farmers were agroforestry; strip cropping, FanyaJuu, and soil bund practices .Also there are different indigenous sustainable land management practices in the study area. The result from binary logit model indicates that sex of the household, family size and distance negatively affects the farmers’ decision to implement sustainable land management practices. While resource total livestock unit, extension services, access to credit, information landform are positively influencing the decision of farmers to implement sustainable land management practices. Based on the findings the authors suggested that there should be strong follow-up and evaluation after launching sustainable land management activities in the given farm pilot through preparing follow-up and Monitoring schedule .Also researcher suggest that much more bottom-up approach, building institutional capacities and strengthening and partnerships between the local, regional and national levels are needed for the horizontal and vertical implementation of SLM practices in the study area . https://zenodo.org/record/18559 10.20372/nadre:18559 oai:zenodo.org:18559 doi:10.20372/nadre:18558 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by DETERMINANTS OF FARM LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS: THE CASE OF WONDO GENET WOREDA, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18557 2025-09-16T08:44:33Z user-006

MELESE NARAMO KUKISA 2025-09-16 ABSTRACT This study was conducted to asses’ farmer’s awareness on tree plantation, management practice and factors influencing farmer’s tree planting management in Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia. Descriptive research design was used to conduct a study. Total of 85 households were purposively selected from both kebele. Necessary data were collected through questionnaire and interview. Then, data was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The result revealed that least of the farmers they have positive attitude towards tree plantation because of tree plantation significantly improve local environment, economy and community providing multiple benefits while growing. The result shows that most of the farmers have negative perception towards tree plantation. The study result shows that the perception about the future demand and supply for farm forest products, however failed to show any influence on their decision to establish farm forest plantation because of farmers were afraid that tree would compete with cash crops. The result confirm that there are many reasons for low adoption of tree plantation such as lack of coordination, education, lack of awareness, lack of technical assistance, guideline with forest department were the major problems. The study result shows that about 86.5 % tree planted on the study area was eucalyptus, followed by gravella 76.5% andcordialafricana 41.2%.The study shows that major reason for planting tree was fuel wood and construction wood. The farm boundary and home steady were the common form of tree planting niche by farmers in the study area. In the study area also farmers do not accept tree planting on cropland. The largest proportion of farmers also claimed eucalyptus is not suitable for planting on crop land. The study result shows that farmers were applied pollarding and coppicing managementtechniques. The result revealed that farmer’s tree planting and management practice affected by decrease in wood price, the need for fuel wood and construction materials, increase in prices of agricultural products, decreased access to credit. https://zenodo.org/record/18557 10.20372/nadre:18557 oai:zenodo.org:18557 doi:10.20372/nadre:18556 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by AN I NVESTIGATION OF TREE PLANTING AND MANAGEMENTPRACTICE ON FARM FORESTRY IN WONDOGENETSOUTHERN, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18737 2025-09-18T07:14:39Z user-006

Assefa Elias 2025-09-18 Abstract This study was aimed in assessment of rural-urban migration and the livelihood status of migrants in Kulito Town, Halaba Zone Southern Ethiopia. To assess rural urban migration and the livelihood status of migrants in the town, the study used 216 selected samples from street vendors (coffee vendors and shoe shiners). Systematic random sampling was used to select the sample respondents from the selected sub towns. The study employed both primary and secondary data sources. In order to gather the necessary data from the sampled street vendors (coffee vendors and shoe shiners) questionnaire, interview, FGD and observation were used. In light of this, descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the data obtained through from the respondents. The finding of the study shows that the dominant migratory groups were in the age between 16-30 years who are the most economically active group. Street coffee vending is mostly female oriented informal activity and they are more migratory than male. Majority of the migrants are from poor family with large family size and their livelihood is based on subsistence agriculture. The study revealed that, absence of year round livelihood, low productivity, low agricultural inputs and landlessness in rural area are push factors of migration while existence of informal sectors, urban facilities and employment opportunity are urban pull factors of migration. The study also indicates that from various informal activities street vending is crucial armed force in fighting and reducing the extent and intensity of poverty in the livelihood status of migrants. The vendors’ livelihood statuses were improved significantly. More specifically, the income welfare and saving of those who joined street vending has increased from their prior income and saving respectively. The main factors affecting the livelihood status of migrants in the study area include lack of space, low flow of customer (limited market access) security problem and sometimes political instability. Moreover, the paper recommends that, the municipality should work on how to facilitate appropriate selling premises for the vendors; the government should achieve political stability. People in all areas should have environment to work without having any fear in mind. Moreover, the paper suggests further research area in the topic. https://zenodo.org/record/18737 10.20372/nadre:18737 oai:zenodo.org:18737 doi:10.20372/nadre:18736 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ASSESSEMENT OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION AND LIVELIHOOD STATUS OF MIGRANTS IN KULITO TOWN, HALABA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18749 2025-09-18T07:22:30Z user-006

DUGO DIDO USO 2025-09-18 ABSTRACT This research realizes the environmental impact caused by traditional and modern gold mining and has the objectives of identifying the methods of gold mining, negative impact of mining and coverage of forest affected and its adverse effect on the environment in the case of selected site of odo shakiso district. The research approach employed for the study were qualitative research and quantitative in some cases. The district and specific site were purposely selected due to the existences of high potential of mineral and highly degraded by operation of gold mining. Simple systematic random sampling technique was applied to select 135 respondents. The study used interviews, questionnaires; field observation and other secondary sources .The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean and frequency. Mining is a problem of most developing countries that they use it as the means of livelihood. Therefore the findings indicate that even though gold mining has economic benefit as a country, there are abundant negative impacts from these operations as a result of uncaring extraction and processing techniques. The growing rate of wishing to improve their way of life, generate additional income and searching for subsistence are a force behind the increase of traditional gold miners in the district. The presence of free-for-all gold mining activities in the district and high natural forest destruction and discharged waste management problems around modern gold mining result in increased risk of the environment as it promotes land degradation, physical injury, migration, Aquatic life disturbance and pollution of water sources. Thus the processes of gold mining were found to be aggravating environmental impacts. This negative environmental impact process if not treated as is the case in Odo-Shakiso district will put a challenging pressure on the living and non-living components of the environment resulting in its failure in future. Extensive deforestation of gold mining has adverse effect and already being felt in the district such as decreasing potential of rivers, wild animal migration, erosion, lowering water table, and scarcity of charcoal, firewood and construction materials. To alleviate these problems prepare land rehabilitation and aforestation campaign, authorized and capacitate concerned government sectors, develop integration among government sectors, prepare awareness raising programme and short term training, improve policy application, and improve waste disposal methods and working habits. https://zenodo.org/record/18749 10.20372/nadre:18749 oai:zenodo.org:18749 doi:10.20372/nadre:18748 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TRADITIONAL AND MODERN GOLD MINING IN SHAKISO TOWN AND ITS SURRONDING GUJI ZONE OROMIA REGINAL STATE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18745 2025-09-18T07:20:03Z user-006

BEREKET KASSAHUN 2025-09-18 ABSTRACT The study targeted on thecontribution of YirgaCheffe Coffee Farmer Cooperative Union to its coffee producer members in KochoreWoredaGedeo Zone southern Ethiopia. ofthe study at identifying the main economic development contributions, potentials and challenges of coffee producer memebers of YirgaCheffe Coffee Farmer Cooperatives Union.The study also analyzes differences in income and productivity level of coffee farmer before and after becoming memberof the Cooperative Union.Itexamines the major economic benefits (livelihood asset creation income saving and expenditure style) of becoming members of the cooperative in Yirgachefe Union to Coffee Producer to its members in KochoreWoreda. The study used mixed method approach.Data were collected by structured questionnaire, depth interviews and secondary data reviews.The Woreda was purposively selected from Gedeo Zone. The primary data were collected from 70 farmersand 15 experts and stakeholdersin Hama,Biloya and SigigaKebeles of KochoreWoreda. A descriptive analysis was employed to analyze the data gathered from informants. The study shows that the selected case study cooperatives have considerably contributed socio-economic development ofcoffee producing membersin poverty reduction through agricultural cost reduction, access to market and better price for outputs to their members. The findings of the study on the selected cooperatives and households show that given the willingness of the farmers to join cooperatives, the feeling of belongingness they have to the cooperatives and the participatory method of development the cooperatives have, the rural low income population would take any opportunity to join cooperatives that would help members to end poverty at the household level.Towards this end, the study identified many challenges that should be addressed such as low standard of performance, poor management, capacity limitations, corruption and misuse of funds by the executives of cooperatives and unions, narrow scope of services and lack of collaborative work. If the cooperatives work to avoid these bottlenecks, they can further develop and bring remarkable changes in the living standard of the rural poor. https://zenodo.org/record/18745 10.20372/nadre:18745 oai:zenodo.org:18745 doi:10.20372/nadre:18744 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by CONTRIBUTION OF YIRGA CHEFFE COFFEE FARMER COOPERATIVE UNION TO ITS COFFEE PRODUCER IN KOCHORE WOREDA GEDEO ZONE SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18751 2025-09-18T07:24:08Z user-006

GEMECHU SATENA 2025-09-18 ABSTRACT The study was conducted in Kercha district, West Guji Zone, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia with the overall objective of investigating the contribution of indigenous knowledge on forest conservation under selected forest dependent community. The study employed qualitative research design with descriptive approach, because of the nature of the identified research problem, that peoples’ experience conserve forest and practices to be studied. A total of 146 sample households were selected from the total households using multi-stage sampling techniques. Both primary and secondary data were used. The primary data were generated by structured questionnaire, key informant interviews and focus group discussion. The study showed that community practiced different indigenous knowledge in different activity. Farmers those illegally cutting forest believed to be as cursed by God and Gada leaders accused the person and segregating from the community. Particularly trees culturally respected among community like ‘Wodessa’ and religion respected trees like Oda also some trees which community used for blessing. The belief and laws governed local communities to replace trees used for other household consumption or other purpose also use of fire outside of their home govern by this belief and custom of the society. The local communities in different agro-ecological zone local communities have better experience in planting trees before cutting for certain purpose. Beside best indigenous forest conservations expansion and appearances of modern religion and culture, expansion/increasing demand of agricultural land, market economies or livelihood system and investment activities affects indigenous forest conservation practice in the study areas. Based up on the finding of this study the researcher recommend community, government and policy makers to integrate modern forest conservation with traditional forest conservation compromising culture and belief of local community on forest conservation. https://zenodo.org/record/18751 10.20372/nadre:18751 oai:zenodo.org:18751 doi:10.20372/nadre:18750 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by CONTRIBUTION OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE ON FOREST CONSERVATION THE CASE OF FOREST DEPENDENT COMMUNITY OF KERCHA DISTRICT, WEST GUJI ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18733 2025-09-18T07:10:24Z user-006

ALEMU MARKOS 2025-09-18 ABSTRACT This research work was conducted on adoption of soil and water conservation practices, among smallholder farmers’ in Mirab Badawacho Woreda, Hadiya Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to assess factors that affect SWC practices, and to identify the soil and water conservation activities commanly practiced and to investigate farmers’ adoption level of introduced SWC practices interms of non-adopters and adopters. The data for this study was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Both data was collected from four purposively selected kebeles. The primary data was generated from 346 sample household heads as well as 12 people for FGD and 8 people for interviews selected using non-probability sampling techniques. Similarly the secondary data was collected from published and unpublished documents.The collected data was analyzed using quantitative data analyses methods. To make analyses the investigator first edited the data which were collected by using questionnaires, intreviews, field observations, and FGD. Finally, the quantitative data generated from questionnaire, that filled by sample household heads were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model. While, information gathered using field observations, intreviews, FGD were analysed and transcribed in the fom of description and used as supportive data to the main questionnaire. Demographic, economic, bio-physical, psychological and institutional factors influence the investment of household heads require to soil and water conservation measures. The result indicated that, age, sex, family size and farm size were significant factors whereas, marital status, educational status and involvement in off farm activities were insignificant factors on the adoption of soil and water conservation activities in the study area. In order to improve SWC practices; farmers’, local people or communities, the woreda and kebele administrative and the office of agriculture at local level should give more attention for those significant variables that determine farmers’ adoption of SWC measures. https://zenodo.org/record/18733 10.20372/nadre:18733 oai:zenodo.org:18733 doi:10.20372/nadre:18732 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/006 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by FACTORS AFFECTING SMALHOLDER FARMERS' ADOPTION OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION PRACTICES: THE CASE OF MIRAB BADAWACHO WOREDA, HADIYA ZONE, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis .eJw1jkFPgzAYQP_Ld0bTdqxabhpHE1Tiavg2uCyVdshoswVKRrLsv9uL7_re4d1gstZARh4ZZzwVz_yJ0xWhgq0SmNrx7Nyhjx5y6eaaLbSReKyZmI3E1OSCmp0b3vY5bfbFertbD8ojqVn3mg-bK57a8Im_7yhpUN5oU10a9NtFu83LPydVpy0LcyUdVq4oSi--FRblj1fVB5YKErjozkLGEhiueuwmyG5xOsSnebLjAyE8Nt4GbXTQX6M99kt0Z90fTAv3-x-a_0cr.afjjgA.PHC8Rr2LwtwFUeLtQ_idydoDZ9o