2026-05-04T18:19:58Z https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/oai2d

oai:zenodo.org:18003 2025-09-10T06:09:58Z user-005

ALEMAYEHU GEMECHU 2025-09-10 ABSTRACT Ethnobotany is the scientific study of how humans engage with their natural environment, including how they classify, maintain, and use the plants that are nearby. In order to record the therapeutic plants utilized by the locals and their indigenous knowledge, an ethnobotanical study was carried out in Teltele district, Borana Zone of Oromia Regional State. Data were gathered from 83 randomly chosen general informants and 10 purposively selected key informants, through semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and a field walks with a guide. Data analysis techniques included informant consensus, direct matrix ranking, paired comparison, and priority ranking. Thirty-one medicinal plant species that the locals utilize to heal human diseases were identified from home gardens and wild vegetation.Five species (16.12%) came from the Asteraceae, whereas three species (9.7%) came from the Lamiaceae. In terms of growth habits, there were nine trees, thirteen shrubs, and nine herb species.The most commonly utilized plant part were the roots (25.77%) and leaves (50.56%). Plant medication was most commonly prepared via pounding (29.41%) and powdering (20.58%). Drinking was a commonly used application, accounting for 30.35%. Traditional medicine was most frequently administered orally (23.21%) and creaming (21.42%). The conditions pertaining to respiratory organs and the throat (0.89) and stomach and gastrointestinal issues (0.81), respectively, were associated with the greatest ICF levels. According to priority ranking,the most common usage of Allium sativum by traditional healers in the study area was for stomachaches. When six plant species were compared side by side, it was found that traditional healers most frequently used Ocimum lamifolium to treat acute illness. After Eucalyptus globulus, Oleaeuropaea was the most multipurpose plant species. Drought, climate change, overgrazing, firewood collecting, charcoal production, agricultural development, and building materials werethe main threats to the areas medicinal plant supply. As a remedial measure, growing medicinal plants in home gardens was advised. https://zenodo.org/record/18003 10.20372/nadre:18003 oai:zenodo.org:18003 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:18002 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Ethnobotany, Human Ailments, Medicinal plants, Teltele district ETHNO BOTANICAL STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS TRADITIONALLY USED TO TREAT HUMAN AILMENTS IN TELTELE MILAMI DISTRICT, BORANA ZONE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18011 2025-09-10T06:41:13Z user-005

YASIN KEDIR 2025-09-10 ABSTRACT Homegardens are production technique of different crop plants, which is easily available and adjacent to household. The study was carried out in Shashemene woreda, West Arsi Zone Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of homegarden plant species and their ethnobotanical use values. A preliminary survey was designed to identify sampling site of the homegardens in which a total of 240 homegardens from 1360 households of the six kebeles of different agroclimatic zones each with 40 were selected randomly to check whether gardening practices were available or not. Ethnobotanic information was collected using observation, focus group discussions, semi-structure interviews with informants and market surveys to obtained indigenous knowledge of the local community. To collect homegarden plant data 10m x 10m plots were laid in 120 homegardens of each species and its total individuals were recorded. Shannon-Weiner index and Sorenson’s similarity index were used in the data analysis.In addition, different pair wise comparison used to analyze ethnobotanical data collected from key informants. There were 125 plant species were documented and thoseremained distributed in 51 families. Solanaceae was come first contained 8(5.37 %), Poaceaewas come in the next place with 7(4. 70%), and Brassicaceae was come in the third with 6 (4.03%) species. The six kebeles had diversity index values between 2.02 and 2.44. The evenness index with the value (E= 0.984) highest for Awasho Danku and similarly distributed as compared with Kuyera (E=0.811). From the overall study, it can be concluded that the people of Shashemene District had different local knowledge and management practices of homegardens for enriching their biological diversity. Therefore, they should be encouraged to cultivate multipurpose plant species with different use values. https://zenodo.org/record/18011 10.20372/nadre:18011 oai:zenodo.org:18011 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:18010 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Agro ecology, Biodiversity, Ethnobotany, Indigenous Knowledge,Management Practices, Nutritional role, vegetation DIVERSITY OF HOMEGARDEN PLANT SPECIES AND THEIR ETHNOBOTANICAL USE VALUES;CASE OF SHASHEMENE DISTRICT, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18007 2025-09-10T06:28:12Z user-005

ABDULFETA ZEYNU 2025-09-10 Abstract Agriculture is the main source of Ethiopian economy. However, many problems held back the sustainability of this sector. Soil erosion which causes degradation of land is one of the major determinants of rural households which hinder the developments of agricultural sector. Soil and water conservation practices are very important in mountainous areas of developing countries to prevent land degradation. The aim of this study was designed with determinants of soil and water conservation practice at Bule Wereda, Gedeo Zone three kebeles, Suko,Osolimajo and Sika were selected to collect the data. Quantitative data collections approaches were employed. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analysis the collected data. The survey result revealed that all farmers were practiced agroforestry in the study area to soil and water conservation. The finding has shown Fanya-juu terrace were the most common implemented to soil and water conservation practices and afforestation were the most commonly known and practices conservation methods in the area. These practices play a significant role in soil prevention and environmental sustainability, driven by the community’s awareness and engagement in combating land degradation. The determinants of soil and water conservation practices in the study area are influenced by a complex interplay of socio-economic, environmental and institutional factors. These factors include overgrazing, fundamental social services, lack of awareness, steepness of the land and land size. However, the adoption of rates vary, with wealthier households and those with more likely to implement soil and conservation measures. Encourage the use of local and indigenous knowledge in conservation practices by promoting community –based conservation groups that can share best practices and resources and promote agroforestry practices that help in soil stabilization, water retention, and biodiversity conservation, as they are sustainable and provide additional income through tree products. https://zenodo.org/record/18007 10.20372/nadre:18007 oai:zenodo.org:18007 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:18006 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Degradation, Determinant, Erosion, soil and water conservation DETERMINANTS OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION PRACTICE AT BULE WOREDA, GEDEO ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18023 2025-09-10T06:55:25Z user-005

KIDANE KIYAMO KIA 2025-09-10 ABSTRACTS Developing country such as Ethiopia that has faced problems with not having enough clean water to drink and proper sanitation services. The objective of this research was to investigate physicochemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water and associated sanitary condition from source to point of use at Yirgalem town. Research has designed by survey through a cross sectional and experimental approach through laboratory work activity carried from March - June 2023. Water samples were collected from six sample points: two samples from ground water, one sample from treatment plant, one sample from reservoirs, three samples from bono water, nine household from tap and nine from households’ containers. A total of eleven different physicochemical and bacteriological water quality parameters were analyzed. Turbidity, temperature, pH, residual chlorine, TDS and electrical conductivity assessments was done by using digital instrument turbidity meter, thermometer, photo spectrometer 7500, pH meter, conduct meter respectively and during sampling time while entire coli and fecal coli form were done by using membrane filtration techniques. Current investigation showed that water samples temperature was ranges from 20 oc to 28 oc, which is concentration were above WHO limit. Turbidity all sources were range from 1.5 to 10 NTU. The mean values of pH for maximum or minimum values were ranges from 6.88 to 7.33, which is concentration were permissible WHO limit. The TDS values in all sampling points were ranges from 57.3 to 181.6 mg/l. The electrical conductivity at all sampling points were ranges from 90.8 to 181.1 µs/ cm. The residual chlorines in all sampling points were ranges from 0.2to 0.5 mg/l. and fluoride, nitrates and phosphates mean value of all sampling ranges from (0.14 to 0.6, 2 to 2.9 and 0.9 to 1.29 mg/l) respectively. The total coli form and fecal coli form all in sampling sites were ranges from 3 to 12 and 0 to 10 CFU /100ml respectively. It may conclude that all sampling sites of drinking water were contaminated and quality of water decline due to poor treatment. Water contamination can happen after treatment or in the distribution system because sewage lines and management are not done properly, there is poor maintenance sideways to supply line, and the community doesn't know how to use safe water. Raising awareness among the community, safeguarding the sources, improving hygiene, monitoring water quality, and treating home fetched water before drinking can help decrease health hazards in Yirgalem town. https://zenodo.org/record/18023 10.20372/nadre:18023 oai:zenodo.org:18023 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:18022 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Coli-form, Drinking water quality, Turbidity, Yirgalem towns PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER FROM SOURCES TO POINT OF USE AT YIRGALEM TOWN,SIDAMA NATIONAL REGONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18015 2025-09-10T06:47:54Z user-005

MESKEREM KODEDE 2025-09-10 ABSTRACT Hirudiniasis is condition when leech parasitize animals and/or human. Leech are belongs to the phylum Annelida and order Hirudina. Leech infestations cause blood loss, which leads to anemia and several other complications. Therefor this study is aimed to investigate the anti leech (Liminatis nilotica) properties of Nicotiana tabacum (N.tabacum) and Buddleja polystachya (B.polystachya) in laboratory condition. Adult leech were collected from river and acclimatized in laboratory for one week before experiment. Extracts from the plants leaves were made by maceration technique using ethanol and chloroform solvents independently, 250g/1.25L of each plant powder were macerated in chloroform and ethanol. Then Stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1g/100ml of the extract using dissolvent 3% Tween 20 and then a concentration of 1ppm, 2ppm, 4ppm, 8ppm and 16ppm for N. tabacum and 200ppm, 400ppm, 600ppm and 800ppm for B. polysthachya were prepared by serial dilution. Following that, 10 adult leeches were exposed to each concentration for 12 hours. The test was set in triplicate with positive and negative controls. The results showed that N.tabacum chloroform and ethanol extracts showed 100% leech death in concentration of 16ppm and above and an LD 50 of 3.447and LD90 of 4.563 in chloroform and LD 50 of 3.68 and LD 90 of 4.866 in ethanol extract solution while B. polystachya did not exhibits any leech death at even 1000ppm. While encountering the test solution the leech exhibited a violent reaction, tries to escape and produce high jelly like mucus as mechanism for neutralizing the effect of the extract solution in both of the plants and concentrations. Considering this violent leech reactions B.polysthchya might only have a repellent effect without killing. As compared to previous findings, the current study revealed that N.tabacum is a more efficacious plant than expected in killing leeches. In summary of the two plants tested N.tabacum exhibited strong anti-leech effect corroborating its traditional application in leech treatment and evidencing for its anti-leech potential. Different extraction technique for B. polysthchya and further toxicity test for N.tabacum is needed. https://zenodo.org/record/18015 10.20372/nadre:18015 oai:zenodo.org:18015 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:18014 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by B. polysthchya, Hirudiniasis, hirudicidal, LD50, LD90, L. nilotica, N.tabacum EFFECTIVENESS OF BUDDLEJA POLYSTACHYA AND NICOTIANA TABACUM AGAINST ADULT LEECHES (Limnatis nilotica) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18025 2025-09-10T06:58:19Z user-005

TilahunTafere 2025-09-10 Abstract Human-primate conflict is common phenomenon in the world including tropical countries such as Ethiopia. They are among agricultural pests. This study was conducted to assess the population size, human-grivet monkey conflict and traditional practices used by the local people to reduce crop loss by grivet monkey. The study was carried out from June2020 to December 2020 in three purposefully selected villages (Lay-gafit, Tach-gafit and Wekari) around Awsie Natural Forest. The data on human-grivet monkey conflict were collected through questioner, interview and direct observation. 3 and 2Line transects were used to estimate the population size in dense and fragmented forests the length of 0.6 km respectively and to estimate the crop loss were used 5 quadrates that was 5m with 10m. The target populations in the study were 869 households from three villages. The sample sizes of this study were274households. Grivet monkey, porcupine, colobus monkey and others were identified as crop raiders. Grivet monkey was the major crop raider primate in the study area. Maize (Zea maize) crop was the main cultivated and more exposed to damage by grivet monkey was damaged at different stages in three kadas,0.087% damage was at seedling, 4.19% was at flowering and 2.5% was in the maturation stage. The population size of grivet monkeys according to their age- sex category were 51( 13.6% ) adult males, 65( 17.3% ) adult females, 218 (58.1% )sub-adults and 41( 1% )were also juveniles. The population density of grivet monkey was 5 per hectare and 8 per hectare in dense and fragmented habitat respectively. More maize crop was damaged in flowering stage compare to seedling and maturation stages. Permanent guarding, making hanger bed, chasing with dog and making scarecrow were traditional methods used by local people to reduce crop loss by crop raiders. 175(63.7%) of the respondents replied that permanent guarding was the main traditional methods used by the local people. Farmers should keep their farm against crop raiders cooperatively to minimize crop loss by using permanent guarding method in the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/18025 10.20372/nadre:18025 oai:zenodo.org:18025 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:18024 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Awsie natural forest, crop damage human-conflict, grivet monkey conflict, population estimate POPULATION SIZE AND HUMAN-PRIMATE CONFLICT: A CASE STUDY ON: GRIVET MONKEY (Chlorocebus aethiops) AROUND AWSIE NATURAL FOREST, AMHARA REGION, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18017 2025-09-10T06:51:14Z user-005

YESHI MUKA WAKAYO 2025-09-10 ABSTACT The Abo Wonsho Forest, which is situated in the southern Ethiopian region of Sidama in the Wonsho area, was the subject of this investigation. Determining the floristic composition, species richness, vegetation pattern, and regeneration state of the plant species present in the forest was the study's main goal. The data on vegetation was gathered using the systematic sampling technique. Line transects emanating from the various directions of Abo Wonsho Forest were used to create 58 quadrants, or plots, each measuring 400 m2 for woody species and subplots of 1 m X 1 m within the main plots for herbaceous plants. Each quadrat (plot) was separated from the others by 200 meters using the transect lines. To facilitate seedling counting, the main quadrats were subdivided into subplots measuring 10 m X 10 m (100 m2). Every species of vascular plant was gathered from each of these quadrats and delivered to NHE for identification. In addition, each quadrat's position and altitude were noted, along with vegetation data like DBH, height, and the density of seedlings and saplings of woody species. The software tools PAST 4.03 and Microsoft Excel were used to classify the vegetation. In order to calculate species richness and evenness of plant communities, as well as to find commonalities between communities, the Shannon Wiener diversity index was also employed. From the area, 150 species in 111 genera and 56 families were recognized. Four plant communities were found and described in this study. The forest was mostly covered in huge trees and plants, which suggests that it is currently undergoing regeneration. Research on the forest's structure and regrowth has shown that certain species need immediate protection. Thus, it is recommended to carry out in-depth ecological research on the different environmental factors, such as soil type and properties, ethnobotanical research on the knowledge of indigenous peoples regarding the uses of various plants, careful management and monitoring in addition to biodiversity maintenance, in order to support the sustainable use of the forest and its products. https://zenodo.org/record/18017 10.20372/nadre:18017 oai:zenodo.org:18017 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:18016 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Sidama Region, Abo Wonsho, plant community, specie richennes, vegetation structure FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND VEGETATION STRUCTURE OF ABO WONSHO FOREST IN WONSHO DISTRICT, SIDAMA REGION, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18013 2025-09-10T06:44:57Z user-005

TEMAM ABIYO MOSSA 2025-09-10 Abstract Municipal solid waste must be appropriately managed because it results from daily human activity.Due to the increasing population of Hosanna town, the amount of solid waste generated has also increased.As a result, the town faced environmental problems such as environmental pollution. Even though the town is the destination of many travelers from different parts of the country, it lacks proper waste management services. Therefore, this study evaluated determinate factors for solid waste generation, characterization, and its management in the town. To fulfill these intended objectives, the household survey sample size was determined using the population proportion formula. Using open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires, interviews, and field observations, data were collected from randomly chosen sampling house-holds.The waste characterization was carried out at the source via direct solid waste analysis. data gathered from 12 key informants and a total of 372 households. The study's findings showed that Hosanna town produced 78.3 tons of municipal solid trash per day as a result of HHs. Organic material made up 50% of the solid trash by weight, followed by paper, plastic, metal, glass, and other miscellaneous debris (18%). The study also found a substantial positive association between family size income level and the amount of trash produced by households.Over 80% of the solid trash generated by houses might be converted into biodegradable components. To effectively manage this enormous amount of solid trash, the town municipality must create and implement a solid waste management plan. https://zenodo.org/record/18013 10.20372/nadre:18013 oai:zenodo.org:18013 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:18012 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Characterization, Generation rate, Hossana, management, MSW, solid waste GENERATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL HOUSEHOLDS SOLID WASTE: IN CASE OF HOSSANA TOWN, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18027 2025-09-10T07:01:20Z user-005

ZEWDE W/YOHANS 2025-09-10 ABSTRACT The study was aimed to examine the determinant of useful plant species diversity and their use in the home garden of Kochere woreda, Gedeo Zone. The data was collected from six sample areas or kebeles selected by simple random sampling method, and 180 home gardens(quadrant) representative households were selected randomly in six kebeles, at 20m x 20m (400m2) for trees, 1mx1m for herbs and 5mx5m for shrubs were used within each of the main plot. The presence, absence, plant habit, altitude, ethno botanical use of each plant were recorded. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. To regress the independent variable (household socio economic character) with plant diversity, multiple linear regression was employed using SPSS software version 20. The diversity index, the Shan non-Wiener index (H’) was used to measure the plant diversity in a given area. A total of 179 plant species belonging to 77 plant families and 151 genera were identified. The most dominant family was Fabaceae, followed by Astraceae and Poaceae. The explanatory variables such as family size, ,educational status, farm size, annual income, availability of planting material, the access to market significantly affected the plant diversity in home garden study area. The results indicated that the plant diversity in Midland was greater than in Highland agro ecological climate and the woreda had highly rich plant diversity in the home garden and it was calculated to be H’ 2.2 and E 3.5. The data showed that the difference of plant species composition and diversity might be explained in the variation of altitude. The research result showed that for sustainable plant diversity in home garden in the study area, conservation of agro biodiversity and indigenous knowledge should be the concern of stalk holders. https://zenodo.org/record/18027 10.20372/nadre:18027 oai:zenodo.org:18027 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:18026 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Determinants, Home gardens, Kochere Woreda, Useful plant diversity PLANT SPECIES DIVERSITY AND THEIR DETERMINANTS IN THE HOMEGARDENS OF KOCHERE WEREDA, SOUTH, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:18031 2025-09-10T07:06:24Z user-005

ZEMACH PAULOS 2025-09-10 Abstract An ethnobotanical study was conducted on the Plant Species Composition and Management Practices of Home garden of Derashe Woreda, Segen Area Zone, SNNPR. The aim of this study was to investigate homegardens management practice and document the diversity and composition of plant species in homegardens of Derashe District. A total of 98 randomly selected households were included in the survey of homegardens. Of these randomly selected 98 households, again 55 homegardens were randomly selected and plots were laid for analysis of species diversity and composition. Ethnobotanical data were collected from selected homegardens using observation, semi-structured interviews; and markets were surveyed for homegarden products. Data were analyzed using preference, direct matrix, pair wise rankings and descriptive statistics methods as Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, frequency, density and similarity Index. The results indicated that 88(89.8%) of the households were practicing home gardening. Of these, 32.32 back yard only, 11.22 side yard only and 45.92% were back yard and side yard respectively. Total of 99 species belonging to 85 genera and 44 families were identified and classified. Among them, 47 (48%) were herb, 18(18%) were shrubs, 28(28%), were trees and 6(6%) were climbers respectively. The commonly represented families were Poaceae which contains 11 species and rank top of the list, followed by Fabaceae which contain 8 species and rank second, and the third rank was occupied by family Solanaceae with 6 plant species. Eucalyptus globulus are the most dominant tree species in the study area, followed by Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Juniperus procera .From the total number of species recorded in the study area, Zea mays was the most frequent species occurring in almost all of the sampled homegardens (83.63%), followed by Coffea arabica (80%) of the total sampled homegardens. However, size of the homegarden, disease and pests, lack of access to water, poor soil fertility, home garden support system, Market access, weather condition and lack of awareness affect the diversity of species. The management of homegardens was done by division of labor among members of the family. In some activities female were more involved e.g. weeding, watering and planting, dumping of animal manures and kitchen wastes, harvesting and selling garden products whereas in some activities male were involved more e.g. fencing, terracing, hew down and thinning. The indigenous knowledge of the management practice used to maintain plant composition and diversity in home-gardens was also carefully included and documented. https://zenodo.org/record/18031 10.20372/nadre:18031 oai:zenodo.org:18031 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:18030 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Derashe, home garden; management practice; plant species composition. PLANT SPECIES COMPOSITION AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF HOME GARDENS OF DERASHE WOREDA , SEGEN AREA ZONE, SNNPR, SOUTHEERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19357 2025-10-07T12:55:57Z user-005

ABDULFETA ZEYNU 2025-10-07 Abstract: Agriculture is the main source of Ethiopian economy. However, many problems held back the sustainability of this sector. Soil erosion which causes degradation of land is one of the major determinants of rural households which hinder the developments of agricultural sector. Soil and water conservation practices are very important in mountainous areas of developing countries to prevent land degradation. The aim of this study was designed with determinants of soil and water conservation practice at Bule Wereda, Gedeo Zone three kebeles, Suko,Osolimajo and Sika were selected to collect the data. Quantitative data collections approaches were employed. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analysis the collected data. The survey result revealed that all farmers were practiced agroforestry in the study area to soil and water conservation. The finding has shown Fanya-juu terrace were the most common implemented to soil and water conservation practices and afforestation were the most commonly known and practices conservation methods in the area. These practices play a significant role in soil prevention and environmental sustainability, driven by the community’s awareness and engagement in combating land degradation. The determinants of soil and water conservation practices in the study area are influenced by a complex interplay of socio-economic, environmental and institutional factors. These factors include overgrazing, fundamental social services, lack of awareness, steepness of the land and land size. However, the adoption of rates vary, with wealthier households and those with more likely to implement soil and conservation measures. Encourage the use of local and indigenous knowledge in conservation practices by promoting community –based conservation groups that can share best practices and resources and promote agroforestry practices that help in soil stabilization, water retention, and biodiversity conservation, as they are sustainable and provide additional income through tree products. https://zenodo.org/record/19357 10.20372/nadre:19357 oai:zenodo.org:19357 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19356 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Degradation, Determinant, Erosion, soil and water conservation DETERMINANTS OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION PRACTICE AT BULE WOREDA, GEDEO ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19353 2025-10-03T13:02:28Z user-005

BIRHANU MOLLA 2025-10-03 Abstract: In this project a robust numerical method for singularly perturbed parabolic problems with negative lag in the temporal direction is presented.The general objective of this project is to develop and analysis a parameter uniform numerical scheme for singularly perturbed parabolic problems with negative lag. The method comprises the back word Euler method is used for the temporal discretization and the non-standard finite difference method is used for the spatial discretization. The extrapolation technique is done using Richardson-Extrapolation method to improve the order of convergence in the spatial direction. The stability and uniform convergence analysis are demonstrated using the solution bound and the truncation error bound. For scene model examples the maximum absolute error and the rate of convergence for different values of the perturbation parameter (ε), and mesh size are tabulated in tables. From the theoretical and numerical results are observed that the proposed method is ε−uniformly convergent. The reported examples illustrate that the method is efficient and accurate.The numerical results are also described graphically for different values of perturbation parameter (ε), and mesh size. The numerical results are also tabulated in comparison with the previous methods .The comparison indicates that the result of the proposal scheme gives more accurate solutions and a higher rate of convergence as compared to some previous finding available in the literature. https://zenodo.org/record/19353 10.20372/nadre:19353 oai:zenodo.org:19353 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19352 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Robust Numerical Method For Singularly Perturbed Parabolic Problems With Negative Lag info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19355 2025-10-03T13:04:48Z user-005

ZEMANESH TEKEBO 2025-10-03 Abstract: Numerical treatment of the singularly perturbed parabolic delay differential equation is a challenging task due to the presence of a boundary layer, which can make it difficult to accurately compute the solution. In this context, an accurate numerical scheme is proposed using the θ-method for time discretization and a non-standard finite difference method for space discretization for the singularly perturbed parabolic delay differential equation. This approach allows for a more accurate representation of the solution near the bounder layer,where the behavior of the solution can change rapidly. The stability and uniform convergence of the proposed numerical scheme are investigated. It is shown that the scheme is uniformly convergent with first order convergence before applying Richardson extrapolation. After applying Richardson extrapolation, the scheme achieves second order convergence. The example involves solving the singularly perturbed parabolic delay differential equation with given coefficients and source term. In conclusion, the numerical treatment of the singularly perturbed parabolic delay differential equation requires careful consideration of the bounder layer and the choice of numerical methods. The theoretical analysis demonstrates the stability and uniform convergence of the scheme, while the numerical example validates its performance. https://zenodo.org/record/19355 10.20372/nadre:19355 oai:zenodo.org:19355 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19354 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ACCURATE NUMERICAL SCHEME FOR SINGULARLY PERTURBED PARABOLIC DELAY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19671 2025-10-14T07:54:27Z user-005

MEJID AWOL 2025-10-14 Abstract This research investigates the concentration levels of toxic trace elements arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)in soils and coffee beans from Chichu Kebele, Dilla Zuriya Wereda, located within the Gedeo Zone of South Ethiopia. Utilizing Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), soil and coffee bean samples were collected and prepared through standardized microwave-assisted digestion to ensure accuracy and reliability. The study findings reveal that the mean concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in the research soil were 1.173 mg/kg, 0.879 mg/kg, 1.109 mg/kg, and 2.887 mg/kg, respectively, which exceeded those of control soil samples. Despite these elevated levels, concentrations remained below the maximum allowable limits set by the WHO/FAO, highlighting a potential contamination concern for agricultural practices. In the coffee bean samples, average concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead were recorded at 0.028 mg/kg, 0.0577 mg/kg, 0.027 mg/kg, and 0.167 mg/kg, respectively. Statistical analysis further indicated significant differences in toxic trace element concentrations between research and control soil (p < 0.04).so which showed that the research soil is contaminated but the it also revealed that the research soil and coffee beans are not polluted by this toxic trace elements with confidence level of 99.9%. https://zenodo.org/record/19671 10.20372/nadre:19671 oai:zenodo.org:19671 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19670 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Toxic trace elements, Soil contamination, Coffee beans, ICP-OES, microwave digestion, Heavy metal pollution, Food safety INVESTIGATION OF TOXIC TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOILS AND COFFEE BEANS USING INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY (ICP-OES) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19669 2025-10-14T07:55:16Z user-005

ANDINET GEBEYEHU URAGO 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT: Determination of essential and non-essential elements in coffee beans on some selected metals (Mg, K, Ca ,Mn, Cu,) and toxic metals (Cd and Cr,) were determined in coffee (Coffee arabica) beans, of Gedeo zone, Ethiopia using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The decomposition of sample took places in a microwave digestion system with HNO3 and H2O2 reagents .partial validation of method was performed by using certified reference material (NCS ZC 73014) In coffee beans, among the essential metals, concentration of K was determined to be the equal with Ca. Cu is present in highest concentration followed by Mg and, Mn, in coffee beans; Toxic metals were not detected in the coffee beans (Cd and Cr). The research emphasizes the safety and quality of coffee beans in the Kochore district, which is known for its coffee production. The findings reassure consumers about the integrity of their coffee choices, promoting sustainable coffee production in the region. Importantly, the study found that the levels of non essential metals in the coffee beans were below the maximum limits set by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). This finding is crucial as it confirms that the coffee beans are safe for consumption and do not pose health risks. Among the essential elements, copper were present in the highest amount, while harmful metals like cadmium (Cd) were not detected in the coffee beans from the Kochore district. This suggests a low risk of contamination in the coffee produced in this area Overall, the abstract encapsulates the study's focus on the nutritional content, safety, and quality of coffee beans, particularly in the context of sustainable production practices in Ethiopia. https://zenodo.org/record/19669 10.20372/nadre:19669 oai:zenodo.org:19669 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19668 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by DETERMINATION OF ESSENTIAL AND NON METALS IN COFFEE BEANS DETERMINATION OF ESSENTIAL AND NON-ESSENTIAL METALS IN COFFEE BEANS KOCHCHORE DISTRICT, ZONE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19673 2025-10-14T07:56:39Z user-005

Eden Tadesse 2025-10-14 Abstract Heavy metal toxicity arising from anthropogenic sources poses a great challenge to humans, animals, and plants. This study assessed the amounts of Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Cr in soils and the pineapple in order to evaluate the health risks to humans posed by possibly harmful heavy metal contamination of the soil and pineapple fruits. Samples of soil and pineapple fruit are collected from the research site and analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. A total of 4 pineapple fruit samples, research soil samples, and control soil samples are collected from the research site of the Teso region. The collected samples were kept in a drying oven, and 1 gm of the sample was digested by the wet digestion method using a mixture of HNO₃ (69%), HClO₄ (70%), and H₂O₂ (30%) acid to determine the optimum digestion condition and prepared solution. After preparation, the solutions were into the flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The absorbance value of heavy metals was converted into concentration using a linear calibration curve equation. The pH of the soil samples is also measured, and data is analyzed using ANOVA. The validation procedure is performed by spiking the samples with a standard solution of each metal having a known concentration and percentage recovery values in the range of 93.69 - 98.77% for the soil samples and pineapple fruit sample. The result obtained from this study showed overall concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Mn, Pb, and Cu) are respectively in the range of (0.0367- 0.0627), (0.035-0.047), (0.025-0.067), and (0.0785-0.0969) (mg/kg) in the edible parts of sampled pineapple fruits. The mean concentration of determined metals in pineapple fruit samples the order of Cu > Pb > Cr > Mn > Cd. Similarly, concentrations (mg/kg) of the metals in the research soil samples were found to be in the ranges of Mn (1.13-1.338), Cu (0.491-0.589), Cr (0.1188-0.1312), Cd (0.064-0.108), and Pb (0.207-0.263). The mean concentration of determined metals in agricultural soil samples the order of Mn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd. https://zenodo.org/record/19673 10.20372/nadre:19673 oai:zenodo.org:19673 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19672 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Heavy metals, Agricultural soil, pineapple fruits, AAS INVESTIGATION OF ESSENTIAL AND POTENTIALLY TOXIC HEAVY METALS IN SOILS AND PINEAPPLE FRUIT BY USING ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUE (AAST) (The Case of Teso Area in Aleta Chuko Woreda, Sidama Region) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19677 2025-10-14T07:59:38Z user-005

ZEMEDKUN MULUSHEWA TEGENAW 2025-10-14 Abstract: Textile wastewater contains different dyes which are harmful to the environment. Therefore, removal of methylene blue from textile wastewater has to be carried out before being discharged into the environment. The removal of methylene blue from textile wastewater using adsorption process provides an attractive alternative treatment. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the suitability of using zeolite-x and kaolin as effective adsorbents for removal of methylene blue from the textile wastewater. The prepared zeolite-x and kaolin were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared and X-ray diffraction techniques. A series of batch adsorption experiments were carried out to assess parameters that influence the adsorption process. The parameters were pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial dye concentration. The Performance of zeolite-x adsorbent is best at the optimum pH 4 with removal efficiency of 97.77% and kaolin adsorbent performed well at the optimum pH 6 with removal efficiency of 86.86%. The optimum contact time was obtained at 60 and 80 minutes for zeolite–x and kaolin respectively. While optimum adsorbent dosage was obtained at 0.4 and 0.6 grams with removal efficiency of 97.12% and 87.75% for the zeolite-x and kaolin adsorption experiment respectively. As the initial concentration increases, removal efficiency of both adsorbents decreases. So, the highest removal efficiency 97.77% and 86.64% were obtained in the lowest optimum concentration of 1 mg/L for zeolite-x and kaolin experiments respectively. The reaction mechanism involved in the methylene blue adsorption was analyzed based on adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics studies. The Adsorption isotherms results have well fitted to Freundlich isotherm than Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption kinetics results were best fitted the pseudo second order model with good correlation than pseudo-first model. The result shows that the kaolin and zeolite-x sample are effective in the removal of methylene blue from textile wastewater but zeolite-x has high removal efficiency than kaolin at the same operating conditions. https://zenodo.org/record/19677 10.20372/nadre:19677 oai:zenodo.org:19677 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19676 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Adsorption, kaolin, Methylene blue, Textile wastewater, zeolite-x REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM TEXTILE WASTE WATER USING KAOLIN AND ZEOLITE X SYNTHESIZED FROM KAOLIN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19679 2025-10-14T08:00:04Z user-005

DESTA KASSA 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT Heavy metals are among the most serious environmental pollutants due to their high toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of selected heavy metals in the agricultural soil and wheat seed in research area by using FAAS techniques. Composite soil sampling method was used to collect 36 representative soil samples from three sampling areas. Corresponding to each area 360gm representative sample was partitioned using quartering method and put in clean polyethylene plastic bags. Totally 900gram of wheat seed were purchased from three farmers in the research area and 150gm of each sample was taken as representative samples and put in clean polyethylene plastic bags. Each soil and wheat seed were labeled and each sample were separately packed in a cardboard box and transferred to Arbaminch University, chemistry laboratory for elemental analysis. Prior to FAAS analysis of the soil and wheat seed samples HCl, HNO3, HCLO4 and H2O2 acid were used to determine the optimum digestion condition. wet digestion was applied using 4:5:1 (v/v) of acid for soil and micro wave digestion was applied using 5:1:1 (v/v) of acid for wheat seed sample, 1gm of mass and 180 min at temp‘ 300 o c conditions were used for optimum digestion of samples. The Pearson‘s correlation (R2 ) indicated good positive correlation. The % recovery found in the range of (96.19 – 99.62) in soil and (99.7 – 100.23) in wheat seed. Transfer factor were found in (0.048 – 0.476). The mean concentration level (in mg/l) of the analyte heavy metals in the research area were [Pb (4.34034 ± 0.1447), Cd (0.1212 ± 0.0187), Cu (1.7849 ± 0.1134), Co (0.5962 ± 0.0590) and Mn (0.4048 ± 0.1184)] in agricultural soil, [Pb (3.3403±0.0127), Cd (0.0182±0.0017), Cu (0.7049±0.0104), Co (0.0507±0.0030) and Mn (0.2038±0.0012)] in control soil samples and [Pb (0.2115 ± 0.2036), Cd (0.0577 ± 0.0474), Cu (0.1252 ± 0.0998), Co (0.0434 ± 0.0261) and Mn (0.034 ± 0.0158)] in the wheat seed. This study showed that the agricultural soil is contaminated but not polluted as compared with the results of the control samples and the maximum allowable limit set by WHO and FAO. https://zenodo.org/record/19679 10.20372/nadre:19679 oai:zenodo.org:19679 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19678 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Agricultural soil, Concentration, FAAS, Heavy Metals and Wheat Seed INVESTIGATION OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC HEAVY METALS IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS AND WHEAT SEED BY USING FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19684 2025-10-14T08:01:44Z user-005

Habtamu Solomon 2025-10-14 Abstract This study employs Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to determine the concentrations of specific heavy metals in pipeline drinking water at Guangua Town in Negele Kebele. Six samples were collected using a random sampling method, with three samples combined for analysis. The samples were analyzed for the presence of heavy metals including chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu). The accuracy of the method was validated through spiking, yielding percentage recoveries between 87.4% to 99.5%, which are the acceptable range of 70% to 125%. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Cr (0.006 , 0.005 and 0.019)mg/l were found to be close the detection limit, while Pb, Zn, and Mn (0.069 , 0.120 and 0.017)mg/l respectively concentrations were measured. These values are assessed against the Maximum Admissible Limits (MAL) set by the WHO (2023) and Ethiopian health guidelines. The results indicated that while some metal concentrations remained within permissible limits, others exceeded recommended thresholds, posing potential health risks. Therefore, consumers are advised to seek alternative food sources to compensate for the reduced levels of Zn and Pb. Additionally, authorities are encouraged to enhance water quality to ensure safety and compliance with health standards. https://zenodo.org/record/19684 10.20372/nadre:19684 oai:zenodo.org:19684 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19683 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ICP-OES , pipeline drinking water, selected heavy metals, Maximum admissible limit, WHO, Ethiopian health guidelines Determination of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn and Cu) in pipeline drinking water using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) The case of Negele kebele at Guangua town, West guji zone, oromiya regional state , Ethiopian info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19682 2025-10-14T08:02:44Z user-005

ADMASU WONDIMU 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chemistry practical on students ‘performance in chemistry in grade 10 Morsito Secondary school of Misha Woreda, Hadiya zone, SNNPR. The main objective of the study was to establish if there is any significant difference in academic achievement in chemistry between students exposed to chemistry practical and those not so exposed. This was against the backdrop of the need to find out the appropriate role played and the reality of what is actually achieved by chemistry practical especially with continued decline in academic performance in secondary school chemistry. The specific objectives of the study were to:to determine students’ performance in chemistry in the pre-test those supported by laboratory work and not supported by laboratory work, to determine whether performance in chemistry of those students taught using practical improved after treatment, to find out if there will a significant difference in performance of the chemistry post test between the experimental and control groups, to find out whether boys and girls exposed and those not exposed to chemistry practical differ in their average score and other area the impact of practical and gender on students’ chemistry performance. Learners" performance in chemistry was determined by scores obtained by students in Students Achievement Tests (SAT) done just before and immediately after exposure to the topic under investigation. Data relating to students views on the use or non use of chemistry practical and its effects on performance in chemistry were collected using pre- and post-test. The computer package SPSS (Statistical package for social scientists) was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, percentages, and standard deviation was used to discuss the research findings.The study also used inferential statistics such as independent T-test and compare mean T-test to test the statistical significance in the four null hypotheses generated for the study. The study found that there is a positive relation between the use of chemistry practical and learners’ performance in chemistry. The result of the study indicate that the students had comparable performance in chemistry before treatment; that the performance of the students taught using chemistry practical improved after the treatment; and that there was a significant difference in performance in the post test between the experimental group and control groups. It was also found that the use of chemistry practical in teaching and learning of chemistry at secondary school level, improved ix performance in the subject. There was a difference between the mean scores in the post test of the students of both groups. The mean score for experimental group was (7.84) whereas it was (7.09) for the control group. The t-test value was (2.231) at p = 0.00, that is, a significant level at p ˂ 0.05 which indicated that there was a significant difference in performance of the experimental and the control group. That is, the students exposed to chemistry practical scored significantly higher in the achievement test than those not exposed. The study recommends that student should be taught using practical so as to improve in performance in chemistry. https://zenodo.org/record/19682 10.20372/nadre:19682 oai:zenodo.org:19682 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19681 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECT OF CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS ON STUDENTS' PERFORMANCE IN CHEMISTRY IN CASE OF MORSITO SECONDARY AND PREPARATORY SCHOOL OF GRADE 10 MISHA WOREDAHADIYA ZONE, SNNPR info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19686 2025-10-14T08:03:37Z user-005

BRHANE TSEGAY 2025-10-14 Abstract In this work we study based on the competition between superconductivity and spin density wave in electron doped LaFeAsO1-xFx. The competition between superconductivity and spin density wave had attracted immense interest and effort following the discovery of cup rate and the recent iron based superconductors. The magnetic order is the result of nesting between holes pocket found at the center of Brillion zone and electron pockets found at the corner of the Brillion zone .The interaction between electrons and holes forming these pockets is very important to study the low energy physics. The formulation of the model Hamiltonian consisting of holes and electrons responsible for magnetic and superconducting pairing interactions and Using a model of the Hamiltonian and retarded double time green function formalism, we found mathematical the expression for superconducting transition temperature (TC), superconducting order parameter (sc), AFM order parameter (), and AFM transition temperature (Tm) and we study the coexistence between AFM spin density wave and superconducting state. From the correlation of superconducting transition temperature with superconducting order parameters and magnetic transition temperature with magnetic order parameter , it is observed that when the temperature increases superconducting order parameter decrease and vanish at temperature equal to the critical temperature (TC) whereas magnetic transition temperature (Tm) is directly proportional to the magnetic order parameter .we obtained the phase diagrams (TC Vs ) and (Tm Vs ) to obtained the region where both orders i.e magnetism and superconductivity coexist. The region under the intersection of the two merged graphs shows that the AFM and superconductivity in electron doped of the system is finely intertwined (LaFeAsO1-XFX) https://zenodo.org/record/19686 10.20372/nadre:19686 oai:zenodo.org:19686 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19685 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE STUDY OF COMPETITION BETWEEN SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SPINDENSITYWAVE IN ELECTRON DOPED LANTHANUM IRON ARSENIC OIXDE SUPERCONDUCTOR (LaFeAsO1-XFX) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19688 2025-10-14T08:05:25Z user-005

TILAHUN HAILEMESKEL 2025-10-14 Abstract: The very abundance of toxic heavy metals in wastewater due to the industrial expansion poses severe health risks for humans, and also for other life forms through bioaccumulation along food chains. . Industrial development has caused the release of various pollutants including heavy metals such as Cd, Pb and Cr in to the environment. In the present work, a crystalline nickel-succinic acid metal organic framework material was synthesized using a solvothermal method and the adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency of the synthesized material were investigated by using iodine number analysis, XRD and FTIR techniques. Wastewater samples were collected from Gofa zone of Sawla town from a car wash stations. The analyses of selected heavy metal ions such as Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cr3+concentrations were carried out by using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS).The removal efficiency of heavy metals by Ni-MOF was tested by optimizing the adsorption parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, initial metals concentration and adsorption time. The optimum pH is 6 for Cd2+ and Pb2+,2 for Cr3+, adsorbent dosage is 2.5 g for Cr3+ and Cd2+ ,1.5 g for Pb2+ and the equilibrium adsorption time is 60 minute for Pb2+, 80 minute for Cd2+ and Cr3+. The heavy metals concentration in wastewater before treated with synthesized Ni-MOF was determined as 0.04, 0.04, 0.01 mg/L for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(II) respectively. After treated with synthesized Ni-MOF the concentration of Pb2+,Cd2+ and Cr3+ reduced to 0.003, 0.0023 and 0.0013 mg/L respectively. The removal efficiency recorded as 92.5 %, 94.25 % and 87 % for the respective metal ions. The removal of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cr3+ ions from wastewater sample were varied with contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH and initial metal concentration. https://zenodo.org/record/19688 10.20372/nadre:19688 oai:zenodo.org:19688 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19687 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Nickel-succinic acid metal-organic framework, wastewater, heavy metals adsorption, Adsorption capacity, adsorption efficiency SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NICKEL-SUCCINIC ACID METAL- ORGANIC FRAMEWORK FOR REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19690 2025-10-14T08:05:40Z user-005

: MAMO TADESSE 2025-10-14 Abstract A semiconductor is a material that is an insulator at very low temperature, but which has a suitable electrical conductivity at room temperature. It is also described as an insulator with a band gap small enough that its conduction band is appreciably thermally populated at room temperature. An intrinsic semiconductor is one which is pure enough that impurities do not appreciably affect its electrical behavior. An extrinsic semiconductor is one that has been doped with impurities to modify the number and type of free charge carriers. The thermal properties of III - V diluted magnetic semiconductor, GaMnAs is studied. The Hamiltonian of the system is determined by both Heisenberg and Green’s formulations. Here the attention is given to the theoretical understanding of the thermal behavior of GaMnAs. Using the Greens formalism the thermal properties such as heat capacity and specific heat capacities are calculated for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states. For the magnetic ion (𝑀𝑛2+ ) concentration x = 0.4, the specific heat capacity is determined. The calculated results indicate that the specific heat capacity of GaMnAs is proportional to 𝑇 3/2 for ferromagnetic phase. On the other hand, the specific heat capacity of the GaMnAs is directly proportional to the cube of temperature for antiferromagnetic state. https://zenodo.org/record/19690 10.20372/nadre:19690 oai:zenodo.org:19690 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19689 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE STUDY OF THERMAL PROPERTIES IN DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR 𝑮𝒂𝑴𝒏𝑨s info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19694 2025-10-14T08:07:27Z user-005

Simegnew Aschale 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT In this study, the level of major (Mg and Ca), trace (Mn, Cr and Cu) and toxic (Pb) metals in onion (Allium cepa L) bulbs were determined by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES). Wet digestion procedure was evaluated using standard addition (spiking) method and an acceptable percentage recovery was obtained in the range of (104.97-110.3). 0.5 g of oven dried samples was digested using a total volume of 12mL HNO3 (69%),6mL HClO4 (70%) and 3mL H2O2(50%) mixture in a flask fitted with reflux condenser on magnetic stirrer hotplate at180℃ for 3hours. The levels of major metals were Mg (203.1and 97.1), Ca ( 70.37 and 13.8 ), Mn (2.31 and 1.66) Cr( 4.46 and 3.86 ) Cu(2.03 and 0.73) Pb( 8.8 and 1.43) in onion cultivated with in Riza and Gumara irrigation sites respectively. The level of essential Major and trace metals are below the WHO/FAO permissible limit of mineral daily recommended intake values for human nutrition. Pb in onions grown from Riza exceeded the WHO/FAO limit of maximum recommended daily intake. https://zenodo.org/record/19694 10.20372/nadre:19694 oai:zenodo.org:19694 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19693 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Onion (Allium Cepa L.), Major metals, trace metals, ICP OES and wet digestion DETERMINATION OF SELECTED MAJOR AND TRACE METALS IN ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.) CULTIVATED AROUND FOGERA WOREDA USING INDUCTIVLY COUPLED PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSIOM SPECTROSCOPY (ICP-OES) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19696 2025-10-14T08:09:20Z user-005

TEMESGEN ABREHAM AYKA 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT: Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by honey bees from the nectar of blossoms or from the secretion of living parts of plants. Honey is renowned for its antioxidant and medicinal properties. It is typically heated and filtered during processing to avoid crystallization. In the present study we investigate the effect of thermal treatment at 650C and 950C for 30 min on biochemical composition and antioxidant activity of three honey varieties. Yellow multi floral (YMF), light brown multi floral (LBMF), and dark brown multi floral (DBMF) honeys. Total sugar, reducing sugar and sucrose contents were determined by Lane and Enyon method. The free acidity value was quantified by standard titration method. Folin Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, standardized Iodine solution and vanillin-HCl were used to determine the total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), vitamin C content, and tannin contents, respectively. Antioxidant capacity of honey was determined using 1, 1-Diphenyl-2 Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, phosphomolybdenum and ferric reducing power assay. The YMF honey sample contained the highest total reducing sugar (72.59 ± 1.93 g/100g of honey), DBMF honey sample contained the highest total sugar content (75.43 ± 6.29 g/100g of honey) and LBMF honey sample had the highest sucrose content (4.55 ± 1.10 g/100g of honey). Similarly, YMF honey sample contained the highest free acidity value (57.50 ± 6.36 milli-equivalents per kilogram of honey) after heating at 950C for 30 min. Unheated DBMF honey sample had the highest TPC (111.95 ± 0.81 milligram of gallic acid equivalent per 100 gram of honey) and TFC (93.79 ± 15.66 mg milligram of catechin equivalent per 100 gram of honey). Before heat treatment LBMF honey sample contained the highest vitamin C content (18.05 ± 1.84 mg/100g of honey) and the highest total condensed tannin was obtained in DBMF honey sample (0.40 ± 0.07 milligram of catechin equivalent per gram of honey). Unheated LBMF honey showed stronger antioxidant capacity, (IC50 = 6.1 ± 0.67 mg/mL) and (51.96 ± 0.37 milligram of butylated hydroxytoluene equivalent per 100 gram of honey) as determined by the DPPH (EC50) and total antioxidant activity, respectively. Whereas, unheated DBMF honey showed, the strongest reducing power (100.71 ± 1.23 milligram ascorbic acid equivalents per 100 gram of honey). Based on present investigation, it could be concluded that a reduction in total phenolic content, flavonoid content, vitamin C, tannin content and antioxidant activities of the honey samples were observed during thermal treatment at 65 and 950C for 30 min, while free acidity increased. All reactions were greatly higher before this treatment, thus the heating applied determine certain changes on the level of the parameters of quality of these honey samples. TPC and TFC of honey samples heated at different temperatures were strongly correlated with the DPPH scavenging activity (%), moderately correlated with ferric reducing power but weakly correlated with the total antioxidant activity. Due to the presence of phenolic compounds and established antioxidant activity, the studied honey samples could be selected for processing extracts with health-promoting properties or to be incorporated into functional foods or products with bio active properties related to oxidative stress mediated human disorders. https://zenodo.org/record/19696 10.20372/nadre:19696 oai:zenodo.org:19696 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19695 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by antioxidant, secondary metabolites, DPPH Scavenging, flavonoid, honey, phenolic, tannin. EFFECT OF THERMAL TREATMENT ON BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF HONEY COLLECTED FROM SOUTH ETHIOPIA: THE CASE OF WOLAYITA ZONE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19700 2025-10-14T08:11:12Z user-005

Getachew Dilnesa 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT In this thesis the concentration of some selected essential and toxic metals in five commercially available brands of powdered milk in Bahir dar, Ethiopia using Optima 8000 ICP – OES .The samples were digested by using wet digestion optimized procedure using mixture of 6 ml of HNO3 (69-72%) and 3.5 ml HClO4 (70%) for 3 h at a temperature of 270 OC in digestion block. The concentration of metals determined in μ g/g dry weight in Nido powdered milk Mg (741.3), Ca (7614), Na (2869), K (7382), Zn (79.2) and Pb (15.6). In coast powdered milk Mg (609.9), Ca (5971), Na (2405), K (8366), Zn (41.6), Pb (15.1). In Anchor powdered milk Mg (519.5), Ca (3749). Na(1770), K (5634), Zn (85.9) and Pb (15.7). In Lorado powdered milk Mg(235.2), Ca(1053), Na(1096),K(5266), Zn(47.4) and Pb (17.5) and finally Lato powdered milk Mg(226.8), Ca(636.8), Na(1553),K(5646), Zn(35.5) and Pb(14.5). K has the highest mean concentration from all metals in five samples with range of (8366 – 5266) and the minimum were Pb with ranges of (17.5 – 14.5). The % recoveries range from 81.44 – 116.80 and %RSD of metals was less than 10%. The study also shows that ranks of powdered milk samples for each metals coast were 1st by K, Nido were also 1st by Ca and Lato last by Pb. Finally the mean concentrations of most metals in this study are comparable with the literature reported values https://zenodo.org/record/19700 10.20372/nadre:19700 oai:zenodo.org:19700 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19699 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Essential and toxic metals, Optima 8000 ICP - OES, powdered milk, wet digestion Determination of the level of some essential and toxic metals by Inductively Coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry in five commercially available brands of powdered milk in Bahir dar, Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19704 2025-10-14T08:13:37Z user-005

MEDHIN MISKIR 2025-10-14 ABSTRAC: All living organisms on the earth need water for their survival and growth. The accessibility and availability of good quality drinking water plays the most important role in both social and economic development. The spring mineral water is characterized by its constant mineral content and its purity at source. This work focused on analysis of physical and chemical parameters, concentration of heavy metals, cations and anions in spring mineral water and compare with labeled availably community consumed mineral water in the country and world health organization standards. The samples of spring mineral water was prepared by standard method. The concentration of some selected cations and anions are measured by FAAS. The pH is measured by pH meter. The spring mineral water of the study has significant amount useful minerals and its pH is 6.8. The average level of Na+, K+, Mg+2, Ca+2,Cl-, NO3- and TDs are 189±1.4, 21.8±0.6, 37±2.9, 52.3±3.6, 46.5±1.7,14.2±0.62 and 500mg/L respectively. The chemical parameters and physical parameters of the spring mineral water under study comply with WHO standard. Therefore, the spring mineral water would be bottled and marketed .It can also be promoted and used locally. This shows the spring resource from study area plays the most important role in both social and economic development. https://zenodo.org/record/19704 10.20372/nadre:19704 oai:zenodo.org:19704 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19703 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Spring mineral water, pH, concentration of anions, concentration of cations, concentration trace metal and conductivity. DETERMINING PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SPRING MINERAL WATER OF WURA, AWI ZONE, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19708 2025-10-14T08:13:58Z user-005

GETACHEW YALEW 2025-10-14 Abstract The interplay between magnetism and superconductivity has awoken profound interest in the field of condensed matter physics. In this thesis the competition between superconductivity and spin density wave in hole doped barium iron arsenic ( ) superconductor has been investigated based on two band model of Hamiltonian. Employing retarded double time temperature dependent green’s function with the two model Hamiltonian, the expression for superconducting transition temperature (Tc) and spin density wave transition temperature (Tm) as a function of magnetic order parameter (M) have been found. The mathematic expression and the graph TC as function magnetic order parameter shows that the superconducting transition temperature does not increase rather it decreases as the magnetic order parameter increase, but the graph of magnetic transition temperature as a function of magnetic order parameter show that SDW transition temperature increases with the increase of magnetic order parameter. The intersection region in merged graphs of Tc as a function of magnetic order parameter and Tm as a function of magnetic order parameter show that the possible coexistence of superconductivity and spin density wave in superconductors exist in some range of order parameter The result that in the merged graph has revealed in abroad agreement with experimental observation https://zenodo.org/record/19708 10.20372/nadre:19708 oai:zenodo.org:19708 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19707 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by The competition between superconductivity and spin density wave in sodium doped barium iron arsenide ( ) superconductor info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19710 2025-10-14T08:15:42Z user-005

YALEM BELAY 2025-10-14 Walking is an important locomotors skill that is used in everyday activities such as walking to the market or to work, as well as in sports, play; this includes brisk walking, race walking, tai chi walking, Nordic walking and dance activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of walking exercise on older adult hypertensive patients among yeka sub city woreda 12 community health center. The methodology of the study was employed true experimental research design. The total population of the study was 200 hypertensive outpatients were selected as a sample by using purposive sampling technique thirty male older adult hypertensive patients of yeka sub city woreda 12 community health center aged 6o-69 years had divided randomly into two equal groups. Both the experimental group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). The experimental group had taken walking exercise with BP medication for eight weeks with 3 sessions per week, each lasting 30 to 60 minutes. Control group has taken BP medication and their typical program. Both groups had taken pre and post-testing and all the subjects participated in systolic and diastolic was measured by using digital sphygmomanometer test, cardio respiratory fitness by using resting heart rate and body composition by using accue caliper skin fold test and waist circumference by using meter. The primary data sources were collect from pre to post test result of subjects. The data collected from the study subject was analyzed by using SPSS version 26 software by descriptive statistics, paired t-test and independent t test to compare the groups with level of significant 0.05. Cohen-d>0.5 was employed to summarize health status. Results showed walking exercise had significantly improved systolic and diastolic, Cardio-respiratory fitness and body composition at p<0.05.Based on this finding, it can be concluded that walking exercise has reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure and % of body fat, improve Cardio-respiratory fitness, has a large effect size systolic diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, %body fat and skin fold value and waist circumference medium effect size. Therefore, walking exercise is suggested to older adult hypertensive patients for improving health. The results of this study indicated that walking exercise leads to significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Accordingly, walking exercise can be part of the treatment plan for older adult hypertensive patients. https://zenodo.org/record/19710 10.20372/nadre:19710 oai:zenodo.org:19710 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19709 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by older adult, walking exercise, hypertension and hypertensive patients THE EFFECTS OF WALKING EXERCISE ON OLDER ADULT HYPERTESNSIVE PATIENTS AMONG YEKA SUB CITY WOREDA 12 COMMUNITIES HEALTH CENTER IN ADDIS ABABA ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19714 2025-10-14T08:15:45Z user-005

Gebru Tesfaye 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT The coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity has recently re-emerged as a central topic in condensed matter physics due to the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity. The coexistence of antiferromagnetic and superconductivity in high temperature superconductor 𝐶𝑎0.74 (1) 𝐿𝑎0.26 (1) (𝐹𝑒1−𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑥) 𝐴𝑠2 has been studied theoretically by considering the two band model Hamiltonian, (which consisting of intraband and interband pairing interactions, and inter-orbital pair hopping). Using one particle thermal Green’s function with mean field theory and two band model Hamiltonian, the mathematical expression for Superconducting transition temperature and antiferromagnetic transition temperature as a function of order parameter for the two band model have been obtained. The phase diagram of the transition temperature and antiferromagnetic transition temperature versus the antiferromagnetic order parameter for the 𝐶𝑎0.74 (1) 𝐿𝑎0.26 (1) (𝐹𝑒1−𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑥) 𝐴𝑠2 system show that the transition temperature decrease as the antiferromagnetic order parameter increase while the antiferromagnetic transition temperature increase as the antiferromagnetic order parameter increase. On the other hand, the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and superconductivity has been demonstrated by merging the two phase diagrams, the transition temperature versus antiferromagnetic order parameter and antiferromagnetic transition temperature versus the antiferromagnetic order parameter the result to be a distinct possibility in 𝐶𝑎0.74 (1) 𝐿𝑎0.26 (1) (𝐹𝑒1−𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑥) 𝐴𝑠2 in the two band model between (2.3 < 𝑀 < 6.07) where, 𝑀 is the antiferromagnetic order parameter. The phase diagrams of the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and superconductivity in the above mentioned superconductors have been drawn which are in broad experimental agreement. https://zenodo.org/record/19714 10.20372/nadre:19714 oai:zenodo.org:19714 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19713 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ANTIFFEROMAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN 𝐂𝐚𝟎.𝟕𝟒 (𝟏) 𝐋𝐚𝟎.𝟐𝟔 (𝟏) (𝐅𝐞𝟏−𝐱𝐂𝐨𝐱 )𝐀𝐬𝟐SUPERCONDUCTORS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19716 2025-10-14T08:16:18Z user-005

BEKELE GETAHUN WODAJO 2025-10-14 Abstract: Chromium(VI) is highly toxic and cause of cancer diseases. Adsorption is one of the primary water treatment processes employed for the purification of water because of the ease of operation, suitability, design simplicity, high removal efficiency, and wide area of application. In the current work, the adsorbent (Fe2O3 and Zn doped Fe2O3 nanoparticle) were prepared from hydrated ferric chloride, hydrated ferrous sulphate and hydrated zinc accetate to remove chromium (VI) from the wastewater was investigated. Accordingly, bare Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 nanoparticle were prepared using simultaneous co-precipitation methods followed by treatment with ammonium hydroxide. FTIR, XRD and SEM-EDX measurments were conducted to confirm the the presence of different functional groups, the crystallinity, the morphoplogy and composition of as prepared nanoparticle (Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4), respectively. The wastewater collected from Amhara Regional State,South Wollo Kombolcha city from Kombolcha Textaile Factory.The four operating parameters were pH, contact time, initial concentration and dosage on the percent removal were analyzed. The optimum adsorption of chromium (VI) ion occurs at pH =2, contact time of 80 min, concentration of 15 mg/L and 0.15 g adsorbent dose,the removal efficiency was 96.2 %, 96.6 %, 97 % and 96 % respectively. The kinetics of the adsorption process was evaluated using both Pseudo first and Pseudo-second order kinetics models of Chromium(VI)ion. The results showed that the adsorption process best fitted to Pseudo second order kinetics models of Chromium(VI) ion and hence, the maximum adsorption capacity of Chromium (VI) ion was found to be Qe = 0.222 mg/g and the removal efficiency of (%R) is 93.8 % respectively. https://zenodo.org/record/19716 10.20372/nadre:19716 oai:zenodo.org:19716 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19715 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Adsorption, metaloxide, chromium(VI), kinetics, nanomaterial, treatment SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC IRON OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITE FOR REMOVAL OF CHROMIUM (VI) ION FROM TEXTILE WASTEWATER info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19718 2025-10-14T08:17:25Z user-005

ALEMAYEHU MULATU 2025-10-14 Abstract In this thesis, we study theoretical and computational methods to investigate the effect of surface plasmon modes of Ag ⁄SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles on the spectral absorption of silicon quantum dot. The local field enhancement factor for the Ag ⁄SiO2 nanoparticles is solved using the Laplace equation. Utilizing this enhancement factor, the plasmon enhanced spectral absorption of silicon nanoparticle is studied and how the mean particle size, photon energy, metal fraction and composition of core/shell nanoparticles affect the absorption spectra of silicon nanoparticle. Our work presents a new approach for the local field enhancement factor mechanism of silicon nanocrystal by using phenomenological formulations that explain the mean particle, metal fraction and size dispersion affect the spectral absorption of silicon quantum dot. To investigate the mechanism of the local field enhancement factor we perform computer simulation using mathematic programming. These results show that, mean particle size, size dispersion and metal fraction increasing the spectral absorption as a function of photon energy of Silicon quantum dot also increase. Our results have in well agreement with many other theoretical and experimental findings. Our model confirms The Surface plasmon enhanced spectral absorption placed near to Ag ⁄SiO2 core/shell composite nanoparticles as a function of photon energy. https://zenodo.org/record/19718 10.20372/nadre:19718 oai:zenodo.org:19718 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19717 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by SPECTRAL ABSORPTION OF SILICON QUANTUM DOTS COUPLED TO SURFACE PLASMON MODES OF 𝐀𝐠 ⁄𝐒𝐢𝐎𝟐 CORE/SHELL NANOPARTICLES info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19720 2025-10-14T08:17:52Z user-005

AGAFARI GETAHUN 2025-10-14 The purpose of this study was to determine the effects plyometric training on physical fitness components of Selam hospital u-17 male football project players at Dilla town. The study design was quasi experimental. The population of the study were selam hospital U-17 male project players whose total number were twenty five (N=25). Because of the little number of study populations, all project players were taken as a sample by using census sampling technique. And by using simple random method trainees were selected as an experimental group (N=13) and a control group (N=12). The experimental group (EG) had eight-week low to moderate plyometric training, twice per week additional to their regular training session(in total five sessions per week) and the control group (CG) were participated only their regular football training three sessions per week. The data was collected by field tests for speed, agility and power (30-m sprint test, T-agility test and Vertical Jump test). The data analysis was done by using Paired sample t-test and independent t-test using SPSS version 20 with significance level of 0.05. Based on the analyzed data, the pre intervention and post intervention test performance of experimetal group were significantly improved their speed 0.26(5.59%)sec agility, 2.25(15.83%), and vertical jump(power) 8.47cm (19.02%). So, all alternative hypothesis (H1) are accepted. As aresult, the study shown that eight weeks of plyometric training improved the skill related fitness components (speed, agility and power) Dilla selam hospital of u-17 male football project. Finally the study recommended that coaches, players and football managements should give attention to plyometric training in delivering with other forms of football training to enhance players’ skill and performance. https://zenodo.org/record/19720 10.20372/nadre:19720 oai:zenodo.org:19720 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19719 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Agility, Plyometric training, Power, Speed EFFECTS OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON SOME SELECTED SKILL RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS OF DILLA SELAM HOSPITAL U-17 MALE FOOTBALL PROJECT info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19724 2025-10-14T08:19:06Z user-005

Guadie Tesfaye 2025-10-14 ABSTRACTS The Interplay of magnetism and superconductivity is fundamental problem in condensed matter physics.These two-phenomeno were thought mutualy an antagonistic until the discovery of some rare earth ternary compounds that show the coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism. In some of the recently discovered iron-based superconductors, superconductivity and magnetism bsereved to exist in harmony. In the present work, the possible interplay of magnetism and superconductivity have been investegeted in hydrogen doped samarium iron arsenide oxide superconductor, (SmFeAsO1-xHx). Using retarded double-time Green function with a model of Hamiltonian which included kinetic energy, superconducting and magnetic interaction tearm, mathimatical expressions for superconducting transition temperature (TC), superconductivity order parameter (∆sc (T)), AFM order parameter (Ƞ), and AFM transition temperature (Tm) have been obtained. The phase diagram superconducting transition temperature as a function of magnetic oreder parameter. Shaw that (TC vs. Ƞ) as Ƞ increasesTCdecrease. The phase diagram magnetic transition temperature as a function of magnetic oreder parameter shaw that (Tm vs. Ƞ) as Ƞ increases Tm increase.The region under the intersection of the two merged graphs shows that superconductivity and AFM coexist in hydrogen dopped samarium iorn arsenic soxide (SmFeAsO1-xHx) superconductor https://zenodo.org/record/19724 10.20372/nadre:19724 oai:zenodo.org:19724 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19723 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by The interplay between superconductivity and magnetism in hydrogen doped samarium iron arsenic oxide (SmFeAsO1-xHx) superconductor info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19730 2025-10-14T08:19:23Z user-005

ENDASHAW ABERA 2025-10-14 Abstract: Rhamnus prinoides locally known as Gesho is one of the most important plants used as a bittering agent for local alcoholic beverages in Ethiopia. Although it has many uses, yet its practical application is limited to the preparation of local alcoholic drinks. There is a paucity of scientific data regarding the chemical contents of its aerial parts. The present study investigated total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activities, proximate and mineral compositions of leaf, fruit and bark of Gesho. The samples were collected from deferent plants near the local farm land of Adola district at Guji Zone Adola district and dry at room temperature. The TPC and TFC were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and Aluminum chlorine methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities were determined using 2, 2 diphenyl-1–picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing power assays. The mineral (Mg, Ca, Fe, and Zn) analysis was done using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) while Na and K contents of samples were assessed using flame photometer. The leaf has the highest total phenolic content (48.44 1.58 milligram gallic acid equivalent/gram of dried extract) and total flavonoid content (18.78  2.08 milligram catechin equivalent/gram of dried extract). The bark showed the strongest DPPH scavenging activity (EC50 = 48.01 ± 1.20 μg/mL) and the strongest ferric reducing power (49.43 5.62 milligram equivalent of ascorbic acid/gram of dried extract). The leaf part has contained the highest values of Ash (10.45 ± 0.04 %) and carbohydrate (60.60 ± 0.62 %); the fruit part has the highest moisture (5.94 ± 0.01 %) and fat (11.67 ± 0.01 %) contents. The bark has contained the highest fiber (59.52 ± 0.12%). The leaf part contained large amounts of K (3745.25 ± 47.02 ppm), Ca (337.25 ± 3.61 ppm), Na (159.32 ± 2.51 ppm), Fe (11.23 ± 0.17 ppm), and Zn (3.32 ± 0.08 ppm) compared to other parts. The bark contained the highest Mg (596.35 ± 15.20 ppm) content. The result indicates that Gesho aerial parts not only used as bittering agent but also source of functional ingredients in Ethiopian traditional beverages. These abundant phytochemicals could also reduce oxidation of alcoholic drinks in to organic acids. Phytochemicals are known for their health benefits so there is a possibility of enhancing Ethiopian local alcoholic drinks to the grade of functional foods. It is possible to prepare other healthy drinks using gesho as one ingredient. https://zenodo.org/record/19730 10.20372/nadre:19730 oai:zenodo.org:19730 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19729 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Rhamnus prinoides, proximate composition, Mineral, Antioxidant phytochemicals INVESTIGATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC, FLAVONOID, NUTRITIONAL CONTENTS, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF LEAF, FRUIT AND BARK OF GESHO (Rhamnus Prinoides ) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19728 2025-10-14T08:19:51Z user-005

AFEWORK AYELE 2025-10-14 Sexual function is characterized by absence of difficulty moving through the stages of sexual cycles called desire, arousal, and orgasm, as well as subjective satisfaction with the frequency and outcome of individual and partnered sexual behavior (Robyn Fielder 2013). Despite the well documented literature on the benefits of exercise and sexual health, more of those literatures address improvements associated to sexual dysfunction while neglecting considerable gaps in how exercise may be related and contribute to sexuality among healthyadults (Stanton et al., 2018). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on sexual function variables called sexual desire(libido), erectile function, orgasmic function, premature ejaculation, intercourse satisfaction and overall sexual satisfaction. The study employed quasi experimental research design. The total populations of the study were 120 adult married men teachers at Arba Minch College of education. 24 were selected for the study from the subjects who fulfilled inclusion criteria through simple random sampling method. 12 were classified as EG and the remaining 12 were classified as CG through simple random sampling method too. Only EG were participated in 8 weeks aerobic exercise intervention whereas the CG group continued only their occasional workout. Both groups had taken pre and post-testing and all the subjects responded the standard questionnaires. International index of erectile function questionnaires were used to measure libido, erectile function, orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction and overall sexual satisfaction and premature ejaculation diagnostic tool questionnaires were used to measure premature ejaculation. The data collected from the study subjects was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software through Descriptive statics to describe demographic characteristics, paired t-test to compare pre and post test result of experimental and control group and independent t- test to compare EG and CG with level of significant 0.05. The results showed that aerobic exercise has significant effect on sexual desire/libido/, erectile function, premature ejaculation, intercourse satisfaction and overall sexual satisfaction in EG. But no significant difference was observed in orgasmic function. Therefore, aerobic exercise has an improvement on libido, erectile function, premature ejaculation, intercourse satisfaction and overall sexual satisfaction. https://zenodo.org/record/19728 10.20372/nadre:19728 oai:zenodo.org:19728 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19727 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECTS OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON SEXUAL FUNCTION OF ADULT MARRIED MEN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19734 2025-10-14T08:20:49Z user-005

BELAYNEH TADESSE 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT In this study He-Ne laser light scattering method was used to determine the fat and protein content of goat milk sample. The study was carried out the month of March and April with four respective weeks. The goat milk samples were examined in the month of March and April. Based on the laser light scattering theory, the ratio of the scattered light intensity to the transmitted light intensity is taken on as the optical parameter characterizing the fat and protein content. Finally, the data analysis was carried out by using curve and surface fitting method. The result shows that, the amount of fat contents of goat milk sample in the month of March and April is ranged from 4.314% to 4.641% and from 3.605% to 3.941% respectively with four respective weeks. The amount of protein content of goat milk sample in the month of March and April is varied from3.502% to 4.085% and from 2.72%to 3.269% respectively with four respective weeks. The average fat and protein content of goat milk is 4.13% and3.39% respectively https://zenodo.org/record/19734 10.20372/nadre:19734 oai:zenodo.org:19734 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19733 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by DETERMINATION OF FAT AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF GOAT MILK USING HE-NE LASER LIGHT SCATTERING METHOD info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19738 2025-10-14T08:21:26Z user-005

ALELIGN HALLO 2025-10-14 This study attempted to explore effects of interval training program on physical fitness; speed, agility and explosive power, of under 17 male project football players. Purposive sampling method was applied to selected 30 under 17 male football players in experimental and control group each consisting 15 players. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of interval training on physical fitness; speed, agility, and explosive power, of Chuko 01 Kebele Male Under 17 football project players in Aleta Chuko Woreda of Sidama National Regional State. The subjects in both experimental and control group took part in the experimentation process for 8 weeks from March 16/03/2021G.C to May 8/05/2021G.C for training of three days in a week for two months each training session lasting 40 – 50 minutes. The physical fitness components were speed (50m dash in seconds), agility (30m run in seconds) and explosive power (vertical jump in meters). Data were analyzed by using paired sample t-test with pair wise comparison of means at 95% confidence interval. The results of the analyzed data indicated that there were significant improvement on speed, agility and explosive power on players under the experimental group which resulted due to interval training. Accordingly, this study confirmed that interval training significantly improves and affects players physical fitness; speed, agility and explosive power https://zenodo.org/record/19738 10.20372/nadre:19738 oai:zenodo.org:19738 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19737 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECTS OF INTERVAL TRAINING ON PHYSICAL FITNESS ON FOOTBALL PLAYERS: IN CASE OF ALETA CHUKO TOWN 01 KEBELE UNDER 17 MALE FOOTBALL PROJECT TRAINEES info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19736 2025-10-14T08:21:58Z user-005

NIGUSE BODONO 2025-10-14 Abstract: Wastewater from industry can lead to water pollution if not treated, especially due to its high concentration of lead. Lead is considered extremely harmful because it can cause illnesses, disorder and diseases to human. Therefore; industrial wastewater containing lead should be treated before it is discharged to the water stream. There are several techniques to remove lead from wastewater such as biosorption, filtration and adsorption but there are some limitations such as long treatment time. In this study, the adsorption of lead from synthetic wastewater by RGO/Fe3O4 was investigated. The effect of different environmental conditions such as adsorbent dosage, initial lead ion concentration, contact time, shaking speed and pH on lead ions removal was studied by at a temperature of (25 ± 1 oC). Experimental results showed that maximum removal of lead ion by graphene-magnetite at optimum conditions (0.125 g adsorbent dose, 15 mg/L of initial Pb (II) concentration, 60 min contact time, 200 rpm shaking speed and pH 6), was 99.72 %. These experimental studies on adsorbents can be quite useful in developing an appropriate technology for the removal of toxic metals from contaminated industrial effluents. The adsorption data of lead ions at a temperature of 25 ± 1 °C have been described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The sorption process conformed to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.999 and 0.9499, respectively. Sorption kinetics was determined using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order with maximum sorption capacity of 10.9896 and, hence adsorption rate constants were calculated to be (0.1154 and 0.04936 min-1), respectively. The results revealed that sorption kinetics of the metal followed pseudo-second-order with regression coefficients of 0.9991. The results showed, graphene magnetite reduced lead ions from its initial concentration of 15 mg/L to 0.042 mg/L and the removal efficiency was 99.72 %. In addition, the performance of graphene magnetite for removal of Pb from wastewater was found to be 99.65 %. https://zenodo.org/record/19736 10.20372/nadre:19736 oai:zenodo.org:19736 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19735 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Graphene, Magnetite, Graphene-magnetite, Lead, Adsorption Isotherm Model, Adsorption Kinetic Model, Chemisorption, Physisorption, adsorption capacity. GRAPHENE-MAGNETITE AS EFFICIENT ADSORBENT FOR REMOVAL OF LEAD FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19740 2025-10-14T08:22:24Z user-005

Yohannes Mesfin 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the concentration levels of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Fe, Cu and Zn) in Lake Tana at Hyacinth water and far from Hyacinth water. The sample (water) was digested using magnetic stirrer hotplate digestion method. The levels of the elements were determined using Inductive couple plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The mean concentration level of heavy elements at Hyacinth (Fe=1.003) mg/L, (Zn=0.083) mg/L, (Cr=0.012) mg/L, (Cu=0.002) mg/L and far from Hyacinth (Fe=0.107) mg/L, (Zn=.045) mg/L, (Cr=0.009), (Cu=0.003) mg/L which is below the permissive level set by FAO/WHO in both sites. The highest amount of Fe (1.003) was obtained in Hyacinth sample. The pattern of concentrations of heavy metals in Hyacinth water was in the order of (Fe > Zn > Cr > Cu >) and fare from Hyacinth (Fe > Zn > Cr, > Cu). The concentrations of Pb in in both samples were not detected. Furthermore, physiochemical properties of the sample such as pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solid were determined. The PH of water at hyacinth water 6.2 whereas the PH of the lake water from hyacinth were 6.8. https://zenodo.org/record/19740 10.20372/nadre:19740 oai:zenodo.org:19740 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19739 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Determination of Heavy Metals in Lake Tana at Hyacinth and far from Hyacinth using Inductive c Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19742 2025-10-14T08:23:07Z user-005

ATSEDE FENTAYE DEMEKE 2025-10-14 Psychological skills training program is effective in enhancing athletes’ performance, positively influencing cognitive and affective states. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Psychological skill training on selected psychological variables of male Under 17 football project players in Akaki Kality sub-city Addis Ababa Ethiopia. The methodology of the study employed an experimental research design. Thirty (30) male football player participants in the study were selected for the Mesale football project. The study subjects were randomly divided into two equal groups, the experimental group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 15). The experimental group had taken Psychological skill training intervention for 8 weeks with 3 sessions per week, each lasting 30 to 45 minutes. It consists of goal setting; self-talk, pep talk, imagery, progressive relaxation techniques, arousal regulation, and relaxation response techniques were given through 3 phases which comprise educational, acquisitions and practical phases by sports psychologists. Both groups had taken pre- and post-testing and all the subjects participated to response standard questionnaires: mental toughness was measured using Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaires (SMTQ-14), motivation was measured using the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28) and anxiety was measured using state-trait anxiety inventory test. The data collected from the study subjects was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, version 20) software by descriptive statistics, paired t-test and independent t-test at a significant level of 0.05. Results showed Psychological skill training significantly improved the stated variables of mental toughness, motivations and anxiety in the experimental group at (p<0.05). Furthermore, no more significant differences were found in all of the variables in the control group (p>0.05). Based on this finding, it can be concluded that Psychological skill training has a positive impact on the improvement of psychological skill variables. Therefore, Psychological skill training is suggested for adolescent-age football players to improve psychological preparedness for athletic performance. https://zenodo.org/record/19742 10.20372/nadre:19742 oai:zenodo.org:19742 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19741 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SKILL TRAINING ON MENTAL TOUGHNESS,MOTIVATION AND ANXIETY AMONG MALE U-17 PROJECT FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN AKAKI KALITY SUB-CITY ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19746 2025-10-14T08:23:56Z user-005

YOHANNES ESUBALEW 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT Superconductivity is characterized by disappearance of electrical resistivity and expulsion of magnetic field from the interior of a solid. This research work focuses on the theoretical study of the possible coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism in Ba superconductor. The interaction between superconductivity and magnetism state was studied in barium iron arsenide (Ba ) iron based superconductivity. The interactions have been studied based on two band model Hamiltonian, and use Bogoliubov transformation formalism. By developing a two band model Hamiltonian for the given systems & using the Bogoliubov transformation formalism, we obtained mathematical expressions for superconducting transition temperature and magnetic transition temperature, as a function of order parameter have for Ba . The phase diagram of superconducting and spin density wave temperatures as a function of magnetic order parameter of Ba , shows that the superconducting transition temperature decreases as the increase of the spin density wave order parameter. The spin density wave transition temperature increases with increase of the spin density wave order parameter. The combined phase diagram of superconducting and spin density wave temperature as a function of magnetic order parameter shows that superconducting and spin density wave coexistence in some range of magnetic order parameter in Ba which is in broad agreement with experiment observations. https://zenodo.org/record/19746 10.20372/nadre:19746 oai:zenodo.org:19746 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19745 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THEORETICAL STUDY OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND MAGNETISM IN ELECTRON DOPED BARIUM IRON ARSENID Ba SUPERCONDUCTOR info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19748 2025-10-14T08:24:43Z user-005

DEREJAW METEKE ANTENEH 2025-10-14 The aim of study was to find the problem of teaching learning process of physical education in Bursa Woreda Secondary and Preparatory schools. This study was employed a descriptive survey design that used simple random sampling techniques and self-administered questionnaire, interview and observation was used to collect data. The total population 3479 students, 8 physical education teacher and 3 school directors. The sample selected 358 students, 8 teachers and 3 school directors selected. The sample consists of students, teacher and director in 3 schools Bursa, Tugo, Tutecha secondary and preparatory school. The data gathered from questionnaire was analyzed in the form of quantitative and consisted six parts physical education facility, equipment, teaching materials, teaching methods, attitude of students and teacher competency and enter into the (SPSS) program for analysis. Interview and observation were described by using narrative approach. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics that are used frequencies and percentages. The major finding includes; facility problem of teaching learning process of physical education was volleyball field, football field, basketball field, handball field. Equipment problems of teaching learning process of physical education were Volleyball, Football, Basketball, Handball, Discuss, Shot put, Javelin, Gymnastic mattress. Problem of teaching materials in teaching learning process physical education were PE textbook, PE teacher guide book, PE reference books. Problem of applying appropriate teaching method were frequently use of presentation method and don’t apply discussion method, practice method, reciprocal method and simulation teaching method. Problem of attitude of student were interest of students, understanding the benefits of learning PE, participation of students. The problem of teacher competency on teaching learning process of PE was well training and qualification of teacher, physical fitness of teacher, skill fullness of teacher, interest of teacher, ability of teacher to demonstrate sport skill, encouragingly of student, respect feelings of students. It is recommended that depending on the result of findings, concerned bodies such as Bursa Woreda education office, school director, PE teachers etc, should fulfill the availability of facilities and equipment in the schools. https://zenodo.org/record/19748 10.20372/nadre:19748 oai:zenodo.org:19748 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19747 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ASSESSING THE PROBLEMS OF TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN BURSA WOREDA SECONDARY AND PREPARATORY SCHOOL IN SIDAMA REGION info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19744 2025-10-14T08:24:53Z user-005

MISGANAW GEDLU AGIDEW 2025-10-14 Abstract: Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) which are family herbs have potential to grow in Ethiopia. Despite this fact there are only few data in Ethiopia on the phytochemicals (phenolic content, flavonoids content, and antioxidant activities) and concentration of fatty acids. There are some data for fatty acids profile of sesame seed varieties. In this study two different varieties of sesame seeds collected from north Gondar zone (Metema woreda, West Armachiho woreda) and East Wollega zone (Amuru woreda) were investigated. Sesame seeds extracted using pure methanol (100%) and aqueous methanol (80%) with ultrasound assisted apparatus to determine total flavonoids, total phenolic and antioxidant activity by UV-vis spectroscopy and fatty acids profile was analyzed using GC-MS, methanol and chloroform with shaker extraction for 36 h. Then extracted lipids were derivatization with H2SO4 in methanol with n-hexane. Standard methods were used and then Identification of individual FAs by comparison of their mass spectra with the internal reference mass spectra library (NIST-11). The results of sesame seed among two varieties samples mean total flavonoids content, total phenolic content and IC50 values could have high antioxidant activity of DPPH free radical scavenging content ranged from (2.13±0.03 to 4.99±0.03 mg CE/g), (2.95±0.04 to 6.96±0.03 mg GAE/g) and (8.23±3.59 to 16.5 ± 0.92 µg AAE/mg) respectively. The maximum total flavonoids and total phenolic were obtained by 80% methanol extract. These results showed that there was a significant difference at (p < 0.05) between the sesame seeds varieties were determined. Metema white sesame seed has a high content of total flavonoids, total phenolic and antioxidant activity than other sesame seed varieties. The present study provided that sesame seeds varieties were analyzed by GC-MS and nine FAs identified for each samples. The results showed that the major fatty acid present in sesame seeds varieties are linoleic acid (C18:2) (42.49 to 44.31 %), oleic acid (C18:1) (37.19 to 38.95 %), palmitic acid (C16:0) (9.345 to 11.186 %) and stearic acid (C18:0) (5.78 to 6.523 %) were presented in sesame seed varieties samples. The individual and the total concentrations of FAs of sesame seeds in Metema white sesame seed was higher than other sesame seed varieties whole West Armachiho black sesame seed was lower than that of other sesame seed Varieties. https://zenodo.org/record/19744 10.20372/nadre:19744 oai:zenodo.org:19744 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19743 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Sesamum indicum L., total flavonoids, total phenolic, antioxidant activity, fatty acids, GC-MS. FATTY ACIDS PROFILE, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, TOTAL FLAVONOIDS CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SESAME SEED (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) VARIETIES FROM SELECTED AREAS OF ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19750 2025-10-14T08:25:26Z user-005

Yohannes Mekonnen 2025-10-14 Abstract In this, thesis we study the theoretical and computational method to investigate properties of clusters and cluster-related phenomena specifically, magnetization, heat capacity and the influence number of atom on magnetization of Co, Fe & 𝑁𝑖 clusters. We have developed a theoretical framework for calculating magnetic heat capacity and reduced magnetization by combing the Heisenberg model and Bloch three-half power law. The temperature dependencies of spin-wave specific heat capacity and reduced magnetization are determined results shows T 3 2 ⁄ dependence of ferromagnetic case moreover the magnetization directly proportional with the number of atoms. As the temperature increases, the magnetization decreases on the other hand the values of magnetic heat capacity become increasingly higher than that of the values at low temperatures. The heat capacity vanishes at absolute zero and at low temperatures it is proportional to the absolute temperature. Magnetization M (T) curves are more shallow a small clusters (i.e. small number of atoms) than for large clusters and also critical temperature varies with cluster size. As the number of atom increases the magnetization increases accordingly. Determining the contribution of magnetic heat capacity is also important for many applications. We therefore, focus on understanding the ferromagnetic properties Co, Fe & 𝑁𝑖 transition metals clusters, within the frame work of the Heisenberg model, and the Bloch T 3 2 ⁄ law. The models taking into account, calculations are performed. https://zenodo.org/record/19750 10.20372/nadre:19750 oai:zenodo.org:19750 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19749 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Low temperature magnetic and thermal properties of Co, Fe and Ni clusters info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19754 2025-10-14T08:26:23Z user-005

ZERIHUN HAILU 2025-10-14 The purpose of this study was to assess the practice and challenges of teachers in the teaching learning process of physical education in the case of government secondary schools of Sidama Regional State. To conduct this study, mixed research approach and descriptive research design was employed. Eight Sample government general secondary schools were selected by simple random sampling techniques. Respondents from each sample woredas secondary schools taken, like 8(100%) principals and 8(100%) supervisors, 28 (100%) teachers and 324(10%) students, totally 368(11.2%) respondents from secondary schools were selected by using purposive and simple random sampling techniques respectively. Questionnaire, interview and observation checklists were used as tools of data collection in the study. Questionnaires administered to 352(28 teachers and 324 students) respondents. Interview was conducted with 16 leaders (8 supervisors and 8 principals). Data was analyzed and interpreted by using frequencies and percentages. The finding of the study indicates that lack of adequate training and qualification related to some physical education teachers, lack of teachers to use appropriate teaching aid and effective assessment techniques, lack of adequate class size and space for the teaching learning practice, insufficient time and period allocated to finish the text book, lack of teachers motivation to teach physical education, the absence of teachers to plan proper motivational strategies for student learning, the shortage of teaching and sport material facilities for students learning, lack of teachers to encourage students learning. The results also showed that lack of students motivation in the teaching learning process, the existing curriculum of physical education did not satisfy and inspire students, the contents of physical education is boring, shortage of instructional materials and facilities in the schools. Recommendation: Policy makers should give attention for physical education and fulfill instructional and sport materials. Physical education teacher should encourage students to participate actively in physical education and different sport activities. School administrators should positively work for the success of physical education; Schools should consider physical education is one basic subject like others. The nearby Colleges and universities should produce competent physical education teachers and should give short-term training for teachers; teachers should use verity of modern teaching methodologies. Teachers should evaluate and assess student ability, performance, knowledge and experiences through continues assessment techniques and teachers should encourage, motivate, correct and give feedback for students. during theoretical and practical session more. https://zenodo.org/record/19754 10.20372/nadre:19754 oai:zenodo.org:19754 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19753 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE PRACTICE AND CHALLENGES OF TEACHERS IN THE TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN THE SELECTED GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19758 2025-10-14T08:27:19Z user-005

TILAYE KEBEDE 2025-10-14 Abstract Osmium Diboride (OsB2) superconductor is type II superconductor which ha slower critical magnetic field (Hc1) and upper critical magnetic field (Hc2). The upper critical field is the magnetic flux density that completely suppresses superconductivity in a type-II superconductor at 0 K (absolute zero). In this work, the upper critical magnetic field (Hc2), the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length (ξGL) and penetration depth (λGL) of Osmium Diboride (OsB2) superconductor have been theoretically investigated by employing the Ginzburg-Landau(GL) phenomenological Equation. Mathematical expression for upper critical magnetic field (Hc2), Ginzburg-Landau coherence length (ξGL) and penetration depth (λGL) of Osmium Diboride (OsB2) superconductor have been obtained using this phenomenological equation. Considering experimental values and use it in the obtained expression, the phase diagram of upper critical magnetic field as a function of temperature, Ginzburg-Landau coherence length (ξGL) as a function of temperature and penetration depth (λGL) as function of temperature have been plotted. The graph of upper critical magnetic field (Hc2) as a function of temperatures shows that, the upper critical magnetic field decreases as temperature increases and reaches to zero at the critical temperature of superconducting OsB2. The graph GL coherence length versus temperature (T) shows that the GLcoherence length increases with temperature and diverge as T→Tc ξGL(o) has the same value with the BCS coherence length (ξGL(o)=ξo). GL penetration depth versus temperature (T) diagram reveals that the penetration depth increases asymptotically as the temperature approaches Tc. These theoretical finding of (ξGL), (λGL) andH2 are well agree with experimental observations upper critical magnetic field (Hc2 of super conducting OsB2 is inversely proportional to the GL coherence length Our findings are in agreement with experimental observations. https://zenodo.org/record/19758 10.20372/nadre:19758 oai:zenodo.org:19758 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19757 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE STUDY OF UPPER CRITICAL MAGNETIC FIELD, COHERENCE LENGTH AND PENETERATION DEPTH OF SUPER CONDUCTING OSMIUM DIBORIDE (OsB2) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19756 2025-10-14T08:28:07Z user-005

MEGERSA CHALI MEKURIA 2025-10-14 Abstract The seed of G. abyssinica is the most important oil crop in Ethiopia, providing 50–60% of the country’s indigenous edible oil. The fatty acid types and composition; and the composition and concentration of other phytochemicals including plant secondary metabolites vary with respect to species type, geographical origin, cultivation season and varietal type. However, there are only few data on the fatty acid composition of some varieties of G. abyssinica collected from some selected areas of Ethiopia. The objective of this study was profiling fatty acid composition and to determine total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and evaluate antioxidant activities. Seed samples were obtained from the farmers of selected areas of five zone major producers of G. Abyssinica. The dried seed samples ground to fine powder, sieved with 50mm and subjected to horizontal shaker extraction with chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v). Then extracted lipid was ix derivatized with HOCH3/H2SO4 in n-hexane. Then Identification of individual FAs was carried out by comparison of their mass spectra with those of the reference mass spectra library NIST 11. The extract was analyzed using GC-MS. The result indicated that a total of 12 FAs have been identified in each G. abyssinica sample in which the fatty acid profile showed a high content of linoleic acid (up to 74.67%) together with palmitic acid (10.66 %), oleic acid (11.02 %), and stearic acid (8.761 %) were major FAs. The FAs concentration of Guizotia abyssinica samples was determined using undecanoic acid internal standard. The total FAs concentration; 240.41, 280.45, 292.24, 312.65 and 347.57mg/g of FAME were determined of sample variety in site of Horo Gudru Wolega, East Wolega, West wolega, East Gojjam and North Gondar respectively. The total FA concentration of Guizotia abyssinica were varied within Guizotia abyssinica location varieties. Ultra sonic extractor was used for extraction of bioactive compounds in two solvent systems (80% methanol extract and 100% methanol) to evaluate antioxidant activities, total phenolic content and total flavonoids contents of G. abyssinica. The result for samples had total phenolic content ranged from (10.89 ± 0.39 - 11.78 ± 0.028 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids contents (5.42 ± 0.03 - 6.67 ± 0.06 mg CE/g) of 80% methanol extract respectively. West wolega scored lower values of TPC and TFC in both solvent systems. 80% methanol extract had better antioxidant activities. https://zenodo.org/record/19756 10.20372/nadre:19756 oai:zenodo.org:19756 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19755 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Guizotia abyssinica, total flavonoids, total phenolic, antioxidant activity, fatty acids, GC-MS FATTY ACID COMPOSITION, TOTAL PHENOLICS CONTENT, TOTAL FLAVONOIDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF NIGER SEED (Guizotia abyssinica) COLLECTED FROM SOME AREAS OF ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19760 2025-10-14T08:28:07Z user-005

ESAYAS AYELE BUKALA 2025-10-14 The proposed aim of this research was to investigate effect of eight weeks plyometric training on skill related physical performance of Hagereselam U-17 football project players. For this purpose, twenty four voluntary, healthy and male football players, who are members of U-17 project with the mean age of 16.79 + .38 and BMI 19.09 + .47, were selected by engaging census sampling techniques. To this end subjects were randomly categorized as (EG=12) and (CG=12), Apart from this, by employing randomized experimental research design an eight weeks, three days/week, 60’/ session plyometric training were delivered to EG in addition to actual project training, whereas CG stay involving only on their regular training. Skill related Physical performance (speed in 30m dash, agility in Illinois agility and explosive power in broad jump were selected as study variables. After the normality of data was tested, descriptive, Paired sample and independent t test were used to test effect of intervention and variation among groups respectively. Paired sample t test analysis result of closed performance shows significant improvement to all variables testes at for 30 m dash, Illinois agility and Standing Long Jump, (P= 0.00). On the posttest analysis EG shows significantly better result all tests than CG. In conclusion, eight weeks plyometric training has found better option to augment skill related physical performance (speed, agility and power) of football players. So, it recommended to anyone who intended to improve physical performance of football players to use plyometric training. https://zenodo.org/record/19760 10.20372/nadre:19760 oai:zenodo.org:19760 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19759 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECTS OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON SKILL RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS OF U-17 FOOTBALL PROJECT IN HAGERESELAM TOWN, SIDAMA REGION, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19762 2025-10-14T08:28:58Z user-005

DESALEGN ARARSO 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT The study of the interplay between superconductivity and magnetism (AFM) has a special role in the ongoing investigation of how two electrons attracts each other and make pairs (mechanism) in unconventional superconductors. In the present work, the competition between superconductivity and magnetism (AFM) has been examined in sodium doped strontium iron arsenide (Sr1-xNaxFe2As2) superconductor by considering two band model Hamiltonian. Using retarded double time temperature dependent Green’s function formalism technique with the model Hamiltonian to obtain the mathematical expression for superconducting transition temperature (Tc), magnetic (AFM) transition temperature (Tm) and their corresponding order parameter have been obtained. With these expressions, the phase diagram of superconducting transition temperature as a function of magnetic order parameter and AFM transition temperature as a function of magnetic order parameter are plotted. The graph of superconducting transition temperature (Tc) as a function of magnetic order parameter ( ) shows that as magnetic order parameter increases the superconducting transition temperature decreases whereas the graph of magnetic transition temperature (Tm) as a function of magnetic order parameter reveals that the magnetic transition temperature increases with increases of magnetic order parameter. The merged phase diagram of superconducting transition temperature as a function of magnetic order parameter and magnetic transition temperature as a function of magnetic order parameter clearly shows that superconductivity and AFM are coexist in Sr1-xNaxFe2As2 superconductor in the region of magnetic order parameter between 3.6mev and 7.85mev which is well agree with the experimental results. https://zenodo.org/record/19762 10.20372/nadre:19762 oai:zenodo.org:19762 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19761 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Iron-based superconductor, Green"s function formalism, Sr1-xNaxFe2As2. THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND MAGNETISM IN SODIUM DOPED STRONTIUM IRON ARSENIDE (Sr1-xNaxFe2As2) SUPERCONDUCTOR IN TWO BAND MODEL. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19764 2025-10-14T08:29:42Z user-005

ESHETIE TESHAGER 2025-10-14 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of concurrent training on physical fitness components. The study employed experimental research design. All 26 Awuscod middle distance runners were taken with EG and CG and divided randomly into two equal groups. Both the (EG= 13) and (CG= 13) had taken PT and POT of 12-minute run test, push-up and abdominal curl up test, wall-sit test, sit-reach test, and 30 meter acceleration test to assess cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility and speed respectively. Only experimental participated in additional 10 weeks CT interventions. While, the CG continued with their usual training The data collected from the study subject were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software by using descriptive statistics (mean and SD) and inferential statistics (paired t-test and independent t-test) with level of significant 0.05. The results showed CT has significantly improved cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, and speed on EG (p<0.05).But no significant difference was observed in flexibility. Furthermore, no more significant differences were found in all of the variables in CG (p>0.05). Therefore, this study concluded that concurrent training intervention program carried out during ten weeks intervention period is conducive, effective has an improvement of cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, and speed https://zenodo.org/record/19764 10.20372/nadre:19764 oai:zenodo.org:19764 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19763 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECT OF CONCURRENT TRAINING ON SELECTED PHYSICAL FITNESS OF MIDDLE DISTANCE RUNNERS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19770 2025-10-14T08:30:22Z user-005

SEWAGEGN ANAGAW 2025-10-14 Abstract Green synthesis of NPs using different types of extract is a novel method to develop environmentally benign nanomaterials which can be used in numerous biomedical applications. This work provides and addressed a low cost, non-toxic green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared using Datura Stramonium leaf extract as a green alternative template. In this study, ZnO NPs were synthesized using 0.5M zinc acetate dihydrate in the presence of Datura stramonium leaf extract within three volume ratios,7:3 (70mL zinc acetate dihydrate solution and 30mL leaf extract), 4:1 (40mL zinc acietat edihydrate solution and 10 mL Datura stramonium leaf extract), and 9:1 (90mL zinc acetate dihydrate solution and 10 mL Datura stramonium leaf extract). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. The XRD analysis showed that ZnO NPs were highly crystalline, pure and the average crystalline size were in the range of (17.92-22.96) nm. The FTIR analysis shows the interaction between the capping agents and synthesized ZnO nanoparticle bond stretching vibration. The UV-Vis analysis proves the band gap energy were 3.34ev, 3.27ev, and 3.25eV for the 4:1, 7:3, and 9:1 volume ratios, respectively. SEM image indicates surface morphology and among the three ratios, 𝑍𝑛𝑂 (4:1) found to be more homogenious.The Antibacterial activity for the (7:3, 4:1, and 9:1) were investigated using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli within three concentrations of 50, 75 and 100 µg/mL. The antibacterial activity of 𝑍𝑛𝑂 NPs increase with increasing the concentration of ZnO NPs. https://zenodo.org/record/19770 10.20372/nadre:19770 oai:zenodo.org:19770 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19769 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by GREEN SYNTHESIS OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES BY USING DATURA STRAMONIUM LEAF EXTRACT FOR ANTIBACTERIAL TREATMENT info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19766 2025-10-14T08:30:28Z user-005

WONDU SHIFERAW 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT: This study endeavored to probe the effect of jigsaw and demonstration method on students’ skill acquisition, attitudinal change, and academic achievement in acid base reaction in Arbaminch secondary school. The research was designed both experimental, theoretical discussions and quasi type. The total population of students was 200 grade 12 science students. From these 50 were selected using simple random samplings. They were categorized in to two: 25 in jigsaw and 25 for demonstration. And the jigsaw was further divided into sub groups that contain 5 students each. Data were gathered through questionnaire, questions, observation at lab-activity and interview. Data was analyzed using percentage and interpretation .The results of the study indicated that jigsaw participants favored from cooperative learning. They also esteemed that using chemicals and materials by themselves for laboratory activity motivated them and this also positively influenced their learning attitude. They had developed skill on lab work. Their participation in laboratory activity increased their academic achievement. When compared with the demonstration group. However, the result from interview revealed that both groups admitted the need for laboratory work for the consolidation of theoretical concept. So, it was recommended that teachers, students and administration staff of the school should devotedly engage in the system for its effectiveness. It was also suggested that the study school should devise a strategy that strictly followed to involve students in laboratory activities to maximize benefit of students from Lab-activity. https://zenodo.org/record/19766 10.20372/nadre:19766 oai:zenodo.org:19766 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19765 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by COMPARISON THE EFFECT OF JIGSAW AND DEMONSTRATION METHODS ON STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN ACID- BASE REACTION. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19772 2025-10-14T08:31:09Z user-005

TAMIRU NASA 2025-10-14 This study attempted to explore the effect of conditioning training method on health related physical fitness variables of female Athletics project trainees in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS) at Sidama zone the case of Hagereselam athletics training center. For the purpose of this study randomized experimental design was employed. To achieve the innate objective, 30 female athletics project trainees with the mean age of 16.1±.607 were selected by using census sampling technique. To this end selected subjects were assigned to experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15) to train for three days per week for eight weeks. The experimental groups were regularly participated in conditioning training program. The physical fitness variables selected for this study were muscular strength (standing long jump), muscular endurance (chin-ups), cardiovascular endurance (Home step-up test), and flexibility (sit and reach test). All the subjects were tested on selected physical fitness variables before and after conditioning training. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20 software. The mean improvement between pre-training and post-training was compared by paired t-test comparison of means and independent t-test for comparison between experimental and control groups at 95% confidence interval. The results indicated that there were significant improvements on muscular strength in standing long jump test (p=0.000), muscular endurance in chin-ups (p=0.001), cardiovascular endurance in home step-up test (p=0.000), and flexibility in sit and reach test (p=0.000) after eight weeks due to the effects of conditioning training (p≤0.05). The result also indicated that there was significant difference existed between experimental and control groups. This study assured that conditioning training significantly improved the physical fitness variables of female athletics project trainees. https://zenodo.org/record/19772 10.20372/nadre:19772 oai:zenodo.org:19772 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19771 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECT OF CONDITIONING TRAINING ON HEALTH RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS VARIABLES OF FEMALE ATHLETES IN HAGERESELAM ATHLETICS TRAINING CENTER info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19774 2025-10-14T08:31:58Z user-005

HABTAMU TEKLEMIKAEL 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT Superconductivity and magnetism were previously thought as mutually antagonistic. However, their coexistence had been seen in ternary compounds and some high temperature superconductors. In this thesis the coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism in CaK(Fe1-xNix)4As4 superconductors has been theoretically studied by developing a two band model Hamiltonian on the multiband nature of iron based superconductors. By employing a retarded double time Green function formalism, mathematical expressions for superconducting transition temperature (Tc), magnetic transition temperature (Tm), superconducting order parameter ( ) and magnetic order parameter (M )have been obtained. By using experimental values and considering some plausible approximations in the obtained expression, the phase diagram of superconducting order parameter versus superconducting transition temperature (Tc) in a pure superconducting region, magnetic order parameter (M) versus temperature (T) in a purely magnetic region, superconducting transition temperature (Tc) versus magnetic order parameter (M) and magnetic transition temperature (Tm) versus magnetic order parameter (M) were plotted. The plotted diagram of superconducting transition temperature(Tc ) as a function of magnetic order parameter(M) shows that as the magnetic order parameter increases , superconducting transition temperature decreases. The phase diagram of magnetic transition temperature as a function of magnetic order parameter(M) shows that as magnetic order parameter increases, magnetic transition temperature also increases. The common(intersection) region under the merged phase diagrams of (Tc versus M and Tm versus M) clearly reveals that superconductivity and magnetism coexist in CaK(Fe1- xNix)4As4 superconductors and the obtained findings are in agreement with experimental results. https://zenodo.org/record/19774 10.20372/nadre:19774 oai:zenodo.org:19774 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19773 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by COEXISTENCE OF SUPER CONDUCTIVITY AND MAGNETISM IN NICKEL SUBSTITUTED CALCIUM POTASSIUM IRON ARSENIDE CaK(Fe1-xNix)4As4 SUPERCONDUCTORS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19778 2025-10-14T08:33:19Z user-005

FIREW BEYENE 2025-10-14 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of circuit training on cardio respiratory fitness, flexibility and speed variables. The design of this research was experimental method. Thirty male students of Merawi secondary school aged 15-16 years had divided randomly into 2 equal groups. Both the exercise group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15) participated in the typical 1 classes of 40-minute Physical education per week in schools, but only participated in additional 2 sessions per week of 40 minutes per session of exercise training, which comprised as jumping jack, wall sit, push up, abdominal crunch, squat, triceps dips, jumping rope, side lifts, side plank, step up, lung and plank. Both groups had taken pre and post-testing and all the subjects participated in physical fitness tests: cardio respiratory fitness was measured using 12 minute run and flexibility was measured using sit and reach test and speed was by 60 meter speed test. The collected data was analyzed using statistical method Analysis of paired t-test with level of significant 0.05. The results showed circuit training significantly improved cardio respiratory fitness, flexibility and speed in at p>0.05 but in no significant change was observed in all the variables. Therefore, this research confirmed as circuit training could improve the cardiovascular, flexibility and speed of high school students. Hence the allocated physical education period in Ethiopian education system is very low and high school students should get additional times to improve their fitness and health. https://zenodo.org/record/19778 10.20372/nadre:19778 oai:zenodo.org:19778 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19777 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECTS OF TWELVE WEEKS CIRCUIT TRAINING PROGRAM ON PHYSICAL FITNESS OF MERAWI SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19776 2025-10-14T08:33:36Z user-005

KOJU BEDEKACH BAYBA 2025-10-14 Abstract: Urtica simensis Growth in Ethiopia has potential contribution to food security, nutrition, health, and medicinal important. But, the potential of spreading its uses from region to region and cultural group is not fully exploited by most of ethnic group of Ethiopia. In this respect the leave of Urtica simensis was analyzed for its proximate composition, total phenolic content, Flavonoids, antioxidants activity, and fatty acid profile. Proximate composition was analyzed using AOAC standard methods and secondary metabolites, total phenolic content (TPC), total Flavonoids concentration (TFC), and antioxidant activity were analyzed through Folin-Denis, Aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) and DPPH methods respectively. The proximate analysis results reveals the presence of the percentage range of moisture content is 6.393% to 9.713%, ash content is 15.85% to 22.78%, crude fat content is 2.963% to 3.19%, crude protein content is 3.093% to 5.953%, crude fiber is 8.733% to 12.63%,carbohydrate content is 51.026% to 59.350%.For secondary metabolites the results were 1.854 to 4.232 (GAE/gm and 1.970 to 4.509 (GAE/gm for total phenolic, 0.910 to 3.623 (Catechine equivalent )/gm and 1.247 to 4.16 (Catechine equivalent )/gm for total Flavonoids 100% and 80% methanol extract respectively . and IC50 values for antioxidant activity were range from 435.638 to 2308.47µg/mL and 91.485 to 2241.774 µg/mL for100 and 80% methanolic extracts respectively. In, addition the result indicated that FA profile analyzed by GC-MS.12 to 16 FAs have been identified and 1unidentify FAs in each sample, in which palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2(n-6), α- linolenic acid (C18:3(n-3) were major FAS, Undecanoic acid (C11:0) solutions were used to validate the method. It’s ash, cured fat and carbohydrate exceptionally high which makes these vegetables can serve as main sources of the biomolecules that are important for body metabolism and it is sources α- linoleic and Linoleic FAS for nutrient. Since, their cultivation and consumption should be encouraged. https://zenodo.org/record/19776 10.20372/nadre:19776 oai:zenodo.org:19776 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19775 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Urtica simensis, proximate composition, Secondary metabolites, fatty acids, GC M PROXIMATE COMPOSITION, TOTAL PHNOLIC CONTENT, TOTAL FLOVANOIDS, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND FATTY ACID PROFILE OF LEAF OF Urtica simensis GROWN IN ETHOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19780 2025-10-14T08:34:57Z user-005

GEBEYEHU ASSEN 2025-10-14 The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement among Wegidi secondary and preparatory school grade eleven female students. The study employed Experimental research design. From grade 11 female 98 total population, 36sample students were selected with the age of (experimental group=16.00±0.766, control group =16.33±0.685) and divided randomly into 2 equal groups. Both the experimental group (number= 18) and control group (number = 18) participated in the typical one classes of 40-minutePhysical education per week, but only Experimental group were participated in additional 3sessions per week of 40 minutes per session of fitness training. Pre and post test results of the selected fitness variables were taken from both groups. Cardio respirator fitness was measured using 12minute run test, variables were tested by, Muscular endurance were tested using pushups and Muscular strength were measured by using Wall-sit test, flexibility were measured sit and reach variables were tested, body composition were measured BMI. The data collected from the study subject was analyzed by using SPSS version 25 software. By using paired t-test the mean differences/changes from pre to post test results of the variables and students average score changes from first to second exam were checked. The results showed health related physical fitness components such as CVE (MD=60.83), ME (MD=6.056) and MS (MD=1.727), flexibility (4.556), were improved significantly following the 12-week fitness Exercise in EG at (p<0.05). Besides, body mass index (MD=-0.229) was significantly reduced, since (p<0.05). were significantly reduced, since (p<0.05). However, he But, no significant fitness improvement was found in all selected variables of CG (p>0.05). Furthermore, the correlation of most health-related fitness components of EG such as cardiovascular endurance (r=0.798, p=0.039) and flexibility (r=0.589, p=0.017) have high and moderate positive statistically significant relationship with students average score respectively, while body mass index (r=-0.285, p=0.021) have low negative significant relationship with students’ Academic achievement. But, Muscular endurance (r=0.129, p=0.654) and muscular strength (r=0.019, p=0.941) have no statistically significant effect on students’ academic achievement. However, health related physical fitness components of the CG have no significant effect on student’s Academic achievement in all selected fitness variables. Therefore, the null hypotheses were rejected in case of cardiovascular, body composition, and flexibility fitness variables, and accepted in case of muscular strength and muscular endurance. Finally, the researcher concluded that most health-related physical fitness components have a significant effect on students’ academic achievement following the twelve-week health related physical fitness exercises https://zenodo.org/record/19780 10.20372/nadre:19780 oai:zenodo.org:19780 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19779 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECTS OF TWELVE WEEKS HEALTH RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS EXERCISE ON STUDENTS' ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN THE CASE OF WEGIDI GENERAL SECONDARY AND PREPARATORY SCHOOL GRADE ELEVEN FEMALE STUDENTS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19782 2025-10-14T08:35:08Z user-005

BELAYNEH TADESSE 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT In this study He-Ne laser light scattering method was used to determine the fat and protein content of goat milk sample. The study was carried out the month of March and April with four respective weeks. The goat milk samples were examined in the month of March and April. Based on the laser light scattering theory, the ratio of the scattered light intensity to the transmitted light intensity is taken on as the optical parameter characterizing the fat and protein content. Finally, the data analysis was carried out by using curve and surface fitting method. The result shows that, the amount of fat contents of goat milk sample in the month of March and April is ranged from 4.314% to 4.641% and from 3.605% to 3.941% respectively with four respective weeks. The amount of protein content of goat milk sample in the month of March and April is varied from3.502% to 4.085% and from 2.72%to 3.269% respectively with four respective weeks. The average fat and protein content of goat milk is 4.13% and3.39% respectively. https://zenodo.org/record/19782 10.20372/nadre:19782 oai:zenodo.org:19782 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19781 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by DETERMINATION OF FAT AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF GOAT MILK USING HE-NE LASER LIGHT SCATTERING METHOD info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19788 2025-10-14T08:37:06Z user-005

GEMTA BEKANA 2025-10-14 The impact of psychological factors on the athlete’s performance in five registered East Guji zone athletics club was carried out from January 2014 to June 2014 E.C. In the study areas athlete’s performance addresses the problem of impact of the psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of psychological factors on athlete’s performance. A total of 400 respondents (179 male and 192 females) were purposively and randomly selected from complete list of five athletics clubs. Data were collected using interviews, open ended and close ended questionnaires, observation and focus group discussions. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive for demographic characteristics and inferential statistics for independent and dependent variables. SPSS Version 20 was used to analyze the data. As a result absence of motivation from concerned body and unfair selection of athletes for competition were the major factors affects the performance of athletes of the Guji zone clubs, they shares 52.75% and 41.25% respectively. The remaining factors lack of enough training or mental preparation, coach performance, loss of rewards during competitions, lack of working by team or team strength, and environmental conditions like training area landscapes and climate, injuries of very important athlete’s from the team were the other factors affects the performance of athletes that constitutes 36.25%, 21.75%, 14.75%, 8% and 6.75% respectively. Therefore, according to the analysis of the factors affecting the performance of the athletes majorities of informants reveals encouragements from governmental body is very low that in turns to affect the performance of the athletes during training and competition. Moreover, the selection of athletes for competition was not fair this is the important issue that demoralizes the athletes. https://zenodo.org/record/19788 10.20372/nadre:19788 oai:zenodo.org:19788 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19787 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by RESEARCH THESIS ON IMPACTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ON ATHLETES PERFORMANCE IN CASE OF GUJI ZONE ATHLETICS CLUBS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19790 2025-10-14T08:37:24Z user-005

FAYERA GASHU 2025-10-14 ABSTRACTS A proper and accurate definition of the structural, magnetic, electronic phase boundaries and phase diagrams provides an extremely powerful tool to study commensurate magnetism and superconductivity in electron-doped barium iron arsenide superconductor. In this research work, the theoretical investigation of the coexistence of spin density wave and superconductivity in direct electron-doping at the Fe site with Co,(Ba (Fe1-xCox) 2 As2)has been made. We consider the interplay between superconducting (SC) and commensurate spin-density-wave (SDW) orders in iron-pnictides to answer, the questions such as what is the phase diagram of cobalt doped barium iron arsenide(Ba (Fe1-xCox) 2 As2)?, what is the graph of commensurate magnetism and superconductivity in cobalt-doped barium iron arsenide superconductor?, and etc. By developing a model Hamiltonian for the system and using diagonalized Bogoliubov transformation, We have found mathematical expressions for superconducting order parameter(Δsc) as a function of superconducting transition temperature(Tc), magnetic order parameter(∆SDW ) as a function of spin density wave transition temperature (Tsdw), and spin density wave order parameter(∆SDW ) as a function of superconducting transition temperature(Tc). The phase diagrams of superconducting transition temperature versus superconducting order parameter, spin density wave transition temperature versus spin density wave order parameter and superconducting transition temperature versus spin density wave order parameter have been plotted. By combining the two phase diagrams of spin density wave transition temperature versus spin density wave order parameter and superconducting transition temperature versus spin density wave order parameter, we have obtained a phase diagram which shows the possible coexistence of spin density wave and superconductivity in (Ba (Fe1-xCox) 2 As2). The commensurate SDW order appears below the structural transition temperature and SC coexists with SDW order in under doped region. The commensurate SDW order changes into transversely incommensurate SDW order that coexists and competes with superconductivity. The coexistence phase between SC and (in) commensurate SDW orders does exist at lower superconducting transition temperature (Tc). The commensurate SDW order appears below the structural transition temperature and SC coexists with SDW order in under doped region. Near optimal superconductivity, it has been shown that the commensurate SDW order changes into transversely incommensurate SDW order that coexists and competes with superconductivity. https://zenodo.org/record/19790 10.20372/nadre:19790 oai:zenodo.org:19790 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19789 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by COMMENSURATE MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRON-DOPED BARIUM IRON ARSENIDE (Ba (Fe1-xCox) 2 As2) SUPERCONDUCTOR info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19792 2025-10-14T08:37:41Z user-005

KITE DUBE 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT: The concentrations of five metals (Na, Cu, Ni, Co and Si) were determined in coffee bean that cultivated in Garden and Modern farm method that obtained from Abaya District by using Inductive coupled plasma-optical spectrometry, Optima 8000 (ICP-OES). The digestion procedure was carried out using 5 mL of HNO3 and 5 mL of HClO4 with 3 hours total time at temperature about 120 oC for digestion of 0.5 g of powder sample of both coffee farms. The validity of the optimized procedure was evaluated by the analysis of spiked samples whose recovery of analytes was in the range of 85−113 %. The mean concentration of each metal in the two farms of coffee bean samples was Na (192.23, 193.20mg/l), Cu (4.86, 8.33mg/l), Co (0.63, 0.99mg/l) and Ni (0.44, 1.76mg/l) Garden coffee and Modern coffee farms respectively but, Si is under the detection limit. The metal concentrations of the modern coffee farm were higher than those of garden coffee farm, when expressed in the same units. The extraction was highest for Na and intermediate for Cu lowest for Co and Ni. The concentrations of metals in the garden coffee farms were compared to the values modern coffee farms that the concentration of Modern coffee is relatively higher than the Garden coffee farms. https://zenodo.org/record/19792 10.20372/nadre:19792 oai:zenodo.org:19792 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19791 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Modern Coffee, Garden coffee, metals, ICP-OES DETERMINATION AND COMPARISON OF Si, Na, Cu, Ni, AND Co CONTENTS OF GARDEN COFFEE AND MODERN FARM COFFEE OF ABAYA DISTRICT, WEST GUJI ZONE, OROMIA REGION OF ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19796 2025-10-14T08:39:29Z user-005

Jemal Jawaro 2025-10-14 Abstract Concentrations of four trace elements (Cu, Fe, Pb, and Cd ) were determined in muscles of three fish species (Tilapia, African cat fish and Lmegastoma) collected from zeway Lake in 2013 Ec by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The accuracy of the optimal procedure was checked by digesting a mixture of standard solutions or spiked fish samples and subsequently determining percent recovery. There were differences in the concentrations of the studied heavy metals between different species. Levels of Cu and Pb in the Lmegastoma samples from zeway Lake were highest in the species, Fe levels is in the fish muscle Lmegastoma> African cat fish >Tilapia. Cd levels is in the fish muscle African cat fish >Tilapia> Lmegastoma.the Concentrations of trace elements in the fishes ranged (µg element/g dry mass): Fe 18.53–38.88; Cu 1.98–4.88; Cd 0.43-0.45; Pb 0.27- 0.42. The maximum levels of trace metals found in edible portion of fishes were far below the thresholds. Hence, without regard to bioavailability, Oreochromis. niloticus, Lmegastoma and Clarius gariepinus may be considered safe for human consumption relative to the analyzed elements. https://zenodo.org/record/19796 10.20372/nadre:19796 oai:zenodo.org:19796 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19795 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by fish, trace, element, Atomic, absorption, spectroscopy DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF HEAVY METALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS ( Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd) IN SELECTED FISH SPECIES (TILAPIA, AFRICAN CAT FISH AND L.MEGASTOMA)BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (AAS)FROM LAKE ZIWAY, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19794 2025-10-14T08:39:51Z user-005

GETACHEW TADESSE 2025-10-14 The main objective of this study was to investigate the a survey study regarding to the challenges of teaching learning process of physical education especially during practical classes in some selected preparatory schools Misha wereda in focus of wasgebeta school. To gather data on the above main objective various instruments have been used. Total population of this study was 41 from this population 35 student and six teachers. The researcher used descriptive survey date design method and mixed sampling techniques. These were: classroom observation used to check actual class activities on teacher’s side, and students’ questionnaire to deal with what the practices and challenges faced during learning, teachers’ and students’ interviews for solution and find out sources of challenges. The data were categorized and descriptively analyzed. As a result, the findings showed that inappropriate physical education skills teaching and learning were prepared in the mentioned grade level. So, the concerned body facilitate for teachers taught current method of teaching Physical Education. Teachers were observed using the traditional way of teaching Physical Education which is dominated by teaching text in lecture method rather than practice activities. There has been little or no time given for practice the activities by own. Techniques of teaching such as pre- and post- activities were not used at all. To that end, this research paper provided recommendation that could bring about a change in the practice of teaching and learning physical Education for practice in the grade level studied so that current techniques and procedures of teaching Physical Education for practice could be employed https://zenodo.org/record/19794 10.20372/nadre:19794 oai:zenodo.org:19794 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19793 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by CHALLENGES OF TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION: IN MISHA WOREDA WASGEBETA PREPARATORY SCHOOL info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19800 2025-10-14T08:40:44Z user-005

ISRAEL MENGESHA BERASSO 2025-10-14 Abstract: In the meantime, water contamination, especially heavy metals pollution inside water, has become a global environmental issue. Heavy metals could be released into water mainly through the mining, electroplating, metallurgy, chemical plants, agriculture and household wastewater etc. Various technologies that are currently used for the removal of heavy metals are evaporation, Ion exchange, precipitation, membrane filtration, and adsorption. Among all these technology adsorption process appears to be more favorable technology as it is low cost, require low maintenance, economical and is energy efficient. In all, the treatment of heavy metal in industrial wastewater is a great significance from the perspective of both the ecological environment and human health. Adsorbents which used to absorb the heavy metal ions on the surface of it can be prepared from different material’s. In this thesis TiO2:ZnO bimetallic oxides nanocomposite were used as the adsorbents. TiO2 were prepared from Titanium trichloride (TiCl3 15%, Merck) and NH4OH by co-precipitation methods. The precipitates were subjected to heat treatment with calcinations for 4 hours at the 900°C were obtained the yellowish colored TiO2 Nanoparticles. Also ZnO nanoparticles were prepared from the solution of Zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) and ammonium hydroxide solution by direct precipitation methods. From these metal oxides, TiO2:ZnO bimetallic oxides nanocomposite were prepared. The removal efficiency of the adsorbent were tested at different ratios. The ZnO nanoparticles were used as the modifier of TiO2 nanoparticles. These prepared adsorbents were characterized by SEM-EDX and FT-IR. The morphology of the prepared adsorbent were determined by SEM and the elementary composition of prepared adsorbent were determined by EDX. The prepared TiO2 were contains 84.91% and 94.40% of Ti by wt.% and At.% respectively and 15.09 % and 5.60% 0f Oxygen bywt.% and At.% respectively. Prepared TiO2 were 100% of Ti and Oxygen with wt.% and At.% . The prepared ZnO were contains 43.00% and 75.5% of Zn by wt.% and At.% respectively and 57.00 % and 24.5% 0f Oxygen bywt.% and At.% respectively. Prepared ZnO were contains100% of Zn and Oxygen with wt.% and At.% . FTIR used to confirm functional groups present in the TiO2:ZnO(1:1)nanocomposites. The new peaks appeared in treated TiO2:ZnOnanocomposites spectra at 568cm-1 attributed to Ti-O-Zn bonds. The FTIR pattern of nanocomposites before and after adsorption should have a little difference b/n them. This shows the nanocomposites were reusable. The the initial concentration of cr in the waste water was 0.0565 mg/L and equilibrium concentration(concentration after adsorption) were 0.000539mg/L. This nanocomposites were99.046% efficient for the removal of chromium ions(specially cr(vi) from the industrial wastewater. https://zenodo.org/record/19800 10.20372/nadre:19800 oai:zenodo.org:19800 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19799 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by TiO2 ,TiO2:ZnO, heavy metals, Chromium , SEM-EDX and FTIR. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TiO2-ZnO BIMETALLIC OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITES FOR REMOVAL OF CHROMIUM FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER BY AAS. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19798 2025-10-14T08:41:45Z user-005

GETACHEW YALEW 2025-10-14 Abstract The interplay between magnetism and superconductivity has awoken profound interest in the field of condensed matter physics. In this thesis the competition between superconductivity and spin density wave in hole doped barium iron arsenic ( ) superconductor has been investigated based on two band model of Hamiltonian. Employing retarded double time temperature dependent green’s function with the two model Hamiltonian, the expression for superconducting transition temperature (Tc) and spin density wave transition temperature (Tm) as a function of magnetic order parameter (M) have been found. The mathematic expression and the graph TC as function magnetic order parameter shows that the superconducting transition temperature does not increase rather it decreases as the magnetic order parameter increase, but the graph of magnetic transition temperature as a function of magnetic order parameter show that SDW transition temperature increases with the increase of magnetic order parameter. The intersection region in merged graphs of Tc as a function of magnetic order parameter and Tm as a function of magnetic order parameter show that the possible coexistence of superconductivity and spin density wave in superconductors exist in some range of order parameter The result that in the merged graph has revealed in abroad agreement with experimental observation. https://zenodo.org/record/19798 10.20372/nadre:19798 oai:zenodo.org:19798 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19797 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by The competition between superconductivity and spin density wave in sodium doped barium iron arsenide ( ) superconductor info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19802 2025-10-14T08:43:25Z user-005

ERMIASE YETSEDW 2025-10-14 Abstract In this study, cobalt oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through green method using 0.25𝑀 cobalt nitrate hexahydrate as a precursor salt and peel waste extract of citrus sinensis as a reducing and capping agent. The synthesis process of 𝐶𝑜3𝑂4 NPs were performed with in three various volume ratios of the precursor salt and the extract of the peel waste citrus sinensis as 1 ∶ 2 ( 33.3𝑚𝑙 solution of 0.25M cobalt nitrate hexahydrate ∶ 66.7𝑚𝑙 of 30g peel extract), 1 ∶ 1 ( 50𝑚𝑙 solution of 0.25M cobalt nitrate hexahydrate ∶ 50𝑚𝑙 of 30g peel extract), and 2 ∶ 1 ( 66.7𝑚𝑙 solution of 0.25M cobalt nitrate hex hydrate ∶ 33.3𝑚𝑙 of 30g peel extract).The synthesized 𝐶𝑜3𝑂4 NPs were characterized using X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The average crystal size and purity of the green formed 𝐶𝑜3𝑂4 NPs were found to be 22.14 𝑛𝑚,11.19 𝑛𝑚, and 14.58 𝑛𝑚, respectively for the 2 ∶ 1 , 1 ∶ 1 and 1 ∶ 2, respectively. The band gap energy was 3.77𝑒𝑉,3.70𝑒𝑉 and 3.55𝑒𝑉 for the 1 ∶ 1,1 ∶ 2, and 2 ∶ 1, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study proves the presence of different functional groups and bioactive capping and reducing. The antibacterial efficiency of synthesized 𝐶𝑜3𝑂4 NPs was tested for antibacterial test Staphylococci Aureus and Escherichia coli using 50𝜇𝑔/𝑚𝑙,75𝜇𝑔/𝑚𝑙, and 100𝜇𝑔/𝑚𝑙 concentration. 𝐶𝑜3𝑂4 (2 ∶ 1) shows zone of inhibition of 8, 9,10 and 9, 10 and 11 𝑚𝑚 for Escherichia coli and Staphylococci Aureus, respectively. 𝐼𝑓 𝐶𝑜3𝑂4 (1: 1) shows zone of inhibition of 7, 13, 15 and 7, 14 and 17𝑚𝑚 against Escherichia coli and Staphylococci Aureus. Finally, 𝐶𝑜3𝑂4 ( 1 ∶ 2 ) with the same concentration showed zone of inhibition of 9, 11, 12 and 9, 11, 13𝑚𝑚 against Escherichia coli and Staphylococci Aureus, respectively https://zenodo.org/record/19802 10.20372/nadre:19802 oai:zenodo.org:19802 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19801 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by GREEN SYNTHESIS OF COBALT OXIDE (𝑪𝒐𝟑𝑶𝟒 ) NANOPARTICLES BY USING CITRUS SINENSIS PEEL EXTRACT FOR ANTIBACTERIAL TREATMENT info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19804 2025-10-14T08:43:27Z user-005

HUSSIEN WARITU HASO 2025-10-14 Abstract: The most challenge of this century is generation of wastewater which is released to the environment due to the industrial expansion. Industrial development has caused the release of various pollutants including heavy metals such as Cd, Pb and Cr into the environment. In this study hydrothermally synthesized copper diphenylamine metal organic framework has been tested for its efficiency to remove heavy metals from wastewater and its adsorption capacity was investigated by using iodine number analysis, characterized by using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy. A waste water sample was collected from Gamo Gofa zone Arba Minch town from a car wash labajo. The removal efficiency of heavy metals by Cu-MOF was tested by optimizing the adsorption parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, initial metals concentration and adsorption time. The optimum pH is 6 for Cd2+ and Pb2+, 2 for Cr3+, optimum adsorbent dosage is 2.5 g for Cr3+ and Cd2+ ,1.5 g for Pb2+ and the equilibrium adsorption time is 60 minute for Pb2+, 80 minute for Cd2+ and Cr3+. The heavy metals concentration in wastewater before treated with as synthesized MOF was determined as 0.3027, 0.0098, 0.1021 mg/L for Cr(III), Cd(II) and Pb(II) respectively. After treated with as synthesized MOF the concentration of heavy metals reduced to 0.0015, 0.00024, 0.00016 mg/L and the removal efficiency recorded as 97.5 %, 99.5 % and 99.5 % for the respective metals. Equilibrium adsorption fitted Freunlich adsorption isotherm with adsorption capacity (KF) 0.114 L/g, 0.26 L/g, 0.575 L/g for Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+ respectively. Favorable capacity of adsorbent/adsorbate system (n) was 1.26, 1.4, and 1.35 for Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+ respectively. The kinetic process of Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+ adsorption on to Cu-MOF were described by pseudo first and pseudo second order model from the optimized time of adsorption. The kinetic data obeyed pseudo second order for Cd2+ and Cr3+, pseudo first order for Pb2+. Based on the result obtained within the frame work of this study it concluded that the as synthesized metal organic framework is good adsorbent for removal of heavy metals ions like Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+ from wastewater sample. https://zenodo.org/record/19804 10.20372/nadre:19804 oai:zenodo.org:19804 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19803 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Wastewater, Heavy metals, Adsorption, Removal efficiency, MOF REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM WASTE WATER USING COPPER BASED METAL ORGANO FRAMEWORK info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19806 2025-10-14T08:44:41Z user-005

HABTAMU ALEMU BOKO 2025-10-14 Anthropometry is the study of the measurement of the human body in terms of the dimensions of bone, muscle, and adipose (fat) tissue. This study attempted to evaluate effects of aerobic exercise on anthropometry change on female secondary school students in dilla town Yirgacheffe Union Academy. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 30 overweight female students as EG (N=15) and CG (N =15) of age 14 to 16 years old. All subjects under this study took part in experimental design pre and post-test from March to May 2013 e.c. The subject was practice different types of aerobic exercises ranges with light and moderate intensity mode trainings. Both training was done for 3 days per week for 3 month with in 40 to 60 minutes duration. The selected aerobic exercises for the study were: walking, jogging, running and rope jumping. Data were analysed by using SPS 20.0 samples t- test with comparison of means by using EG and CG pre, and post- tests. The results indicated that there were significant improvements in EG body mass index(BMI), body weight, wrist, bicep, hip, waist, thigh, and forearm circumference and body fat percent(BF%) due to aerobic exercises(P>0.05). This study confirmed that aerobic training was significant to improve mean difference of weight 4.2 at P=0.004, BMI 1.5306 at P=0.001 Wrist 1.13333 at P=0.002, Upper arm 1.73333 at P=0.000, Hip 5.53333 at P=0.020, Waist 9.4667 at P=0.000 Thigh 5.0000 at P=0.000, Forearm circumference 1.5333 at P=0.000 and body fat percent 0.79933 at P=0.030 before the training their mean values were found in the above average according to the standard and after the training they were included in the average scale due to the aerobic training. The main finding of the study was overweight female students have positive outcomes towards their body weight and body circumference due to aerobic training. https://zenodo.org/record/19806 10.20372/nadre:19806 oai:zenodo.org:19806 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19805 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECTS OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON ANTHROPOMETRY CHANGE ON FEMALE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN DILLA TOWN info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19808 2025-10-14T08:45:02Z user-005

CHALA DEGA 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT In this research work, a dependable method for the examination of follow componentswas used and concentration ofTrace Elements in the three edible oils samples (Sunflower, Omaar and Hayat edible oils) were obtained by FAASmethod.The samples of the three oils werecollected from the local market and analyzed by FAAS. The accuracy of the reading was determined by spiking experiment and an acceptable percentage recovery was obtained in the range of 92.5 % - 99.50 %. The Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Fe Concentrations were determined in the Sunflower edible oil (0.048, 0.045, 1.932, 2.99, 0.03, and 3.84)mg/kg, in Omaar edible oil (0.067, 0.04, 1.315, 3.265, 0.035, and 2.99) mg/kgand in Hayat edible oil (0.35, 0.37, 2.315, 4.03, 1.182, and 4.44) mg/kg respectively. The results obtained shows that the concentrations of all six trace metals were Maximum in Hayat edible oil sample relative to in the Sunflower and Omaar edible oil samples.Estimated daily and weekly intake of the six trace elements in the three oil samples were less than guidelines provided on the intake of trace element by humans. However estimated daily and weekly intake of Pb and Cd trace element in the Hayat edible oil sample were close to the guidelines provided on the intake of trace element by human. This shows that Cd and Pb might be accumulated through a time in the body of human from continuously use of the studded Hayat edible oil. https://zenodo.org/record/19808 10.20372/nadre:19808 oai:zenodo.org:19808 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19807 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by TRACE ELEMENTAL ANALIYSIS IN EDIBLE OILS BY USING ATOMICABSORPTIONSPECTROSCOPY (AAS) info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19814 2025-10-14T08:46:04Z user-005

HABTAMU GETAHUN TESSEMA 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT: Homegarden agroforestry is a complex, multifunctional and sustainable land use system that integrates multiple farming components to provide economic, social and environmental services. The primary purpose of homegarden is to provide supplemental food and cash income. It can also use for habitat for diverse plant species and conserve natural forest by reducing the pressure on local natural forests. This study was conducted in Lay Armachiho district Northern Ethiopia to assess the role of homegarden for rural household’s income generation and plant species diversity. Cross-sectional survey design was employed to conduct this research. Wereda and kebeles were selected purposely due to the presence of extensively practicing homegarden agroforestry. Whereas sample households were selected by using stratified random sampling method to limit heterogeneous nature of practicing homegarden agroforestry. For the assessment of plant species diversity each homegarden was divided in to a number of 10 x10m plots then a plot was randomly selected. Supplemental food, income, fuel wood, fodder, traditional medicine, construction materials, soil fertility and conserving natural forest were various benefits derived from homegarden by local communities in the study area. The contribution of homegarden was higher in terms of supplemental food provisioning and income generation followed by fuel wood provisioning that 100% of the respondents used. There was also highly significance difference among homegarden adopters and non-adopters of annul income generation that they generate 24276.85±20059.60 and 11379.96±5873.46ETB respectively. The sale of products produced in homegarden from various components (food crops, cash crops, fuel wood, fruits, animals, vegetables, tree products, spices, poultry and honey) improve financial status of the families. From these components cash crops and fruits were the main source of income followed by poultry in the study area. In terms of woody plant species diversity, the homegarden in the study area had diversified and evenly distributed woody plant species. It was composed from 52 woody plant species belonging to 30 families. Fourteen threats were identified in the study area to establish and manage homegarden agroforestry. Among these threats, shortage of water, incidence of pest and disease, limited agricultural extension service and land scarcity were serious challenges for the farmers to establish and manage homegarden agroforestry. Finally it is concluded that, practicing homegarden agroforestry had a great value for income generation and woody plant species diversity in the study area. Therefore homegarden agroforestry should be adopted by all farmers in the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/19814 10.20372/nadre:19814 oai:zenodo.org:19814 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19813 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Homegarden agroforestry, Household income, Northern Ethiopia, Plant species diversity CONTRIBUTION OF HOMEGARDEN AGROFORESTRY TO HOUSEHOLD INCOME GENERATION, WOODY PLANT SPECIES DIVERSITY AND IT'S TREAT TO ESTABLISH AND MANAGE IN LAY ARMACHIHO DISTRICT, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19810 2025-10-14T08:46:14Z user-005

GETASEW ALMAW CHEKOL 2025-10-14 The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of 12-week aerobic exercise on selected physical fitness performance variables of under17 male football player athlete in sidama regional state in the case of Aleta chuko town under 17 male football club. For the purpose of this study, randomized experimental design was, employed. The total population of this study was 30 under 17 male football players. To this end selected subjects were assigned to experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15) to train for three days per week for 12 weeks. The experimental groups were regularly participated in 12-week aerobic exercise training program. The physical fitness performance of variables selected for these studies were, cardiovascular endurance (queen’s college step test), muscular strength (sit up test), flexibility (sit and reach test), agility (hexagonal obstacle test) and speed (30-meter speed run test). All the subjects were, tested on selected physical fitness performance of variables before and after 12 week aerobic exercise training. Data was, analyzed by using SPSS version 20 software. The mean improvement between pre-test and post-test was, compared by paired sample t-test and independent sample t- test comparison of means between experimental and control groups at 95% confidence interval. The results indicated that there were significant improvements on cardiovascular endurance in queen collage step test (p=0.000), muscular strength in sit-ups (p=0.000), flexibility in sit and reach test (p=0.000), agility in hexagonal obstacle test (p=0.000) and speed in 30 meter run test (p=0.000). For twelve weeks due to, the effects of aerobic exercise training (p≤0.05). The result also indicated that there was significant improvement existed between experimental and control groups. This study assured that aerobic exercise training significantly improved the physical fitness performance of variables in Aleta chuko town under 17 male football players. https://zenodo.org/record/19810 10.20372/nadre:19810 oai:zenodo.org:19810 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19809 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECT OF 12 WEEKS AEROBIC EXERCISE ON SELECTED PHYSICAL FITNESS PERFORMANCE IN ALETA CHUKO TOWN UNDER 17 MALE FOOTBALL CLUB, IN SIDAMA REGION info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19812 2025-10-14T08:46:43Z user-005

BEKELE TEMARE 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT This research aimed to determine the concentration of hydroxyl methyl furfural (HMF) using UV-visible spectrophotometer to assess the quality of honey. The honey samples were collected from the three honey productive Kebeles (Degasegnen, Yekebabit and Workima) of Machackel Woreda in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Regional State. Following the procedure of white method, the concentration of HMF of , Degasegnen and Yekebabit Kebeles’ honey were 11.18 ± 0.052mg/kg, 24.95± 0.119 mg/kg, and that of Workima’s was 56.94 ± 0.366 mg/kg respectively. All the samples were found to have HMF value less than the maximum concentration of HMF in honey by standard controlling international organizations. Thus the results were shown that the samples had good quality. Also one way ANOVA shows that there is statistically significance differences between the groups in HMF concentration at 95% confidence level (p<0.05). https://zenodo.org/record/19812 10.20372/nadre:19812 oai:zenodo.org:19812 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19811 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Hydroxyl methyl furfural, concentration, quality, honey DETERMINATION OF HYDROXY METHYL FURFURAL CONCENTRATION IN HONEY BY USING ULTRA VIOLATEVISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19816 2025-10-14T08:47:55Z user-005

HELEN MEKONEN 2025-10-14 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate intensity continuous training on type II diabetes mellitus of outpatient individual in case of Entoto number two health center in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. The methodology of the study was employed experimental research design. Thirty (20 male and 10 female DM patients) middle age participants in the study were selected in Entoto No2 Health Center. The study subjects were randomly divided into two equal groups, such as the EG (n = 15) and CG (n = 15). The EG had taken MICT for 8 weeks with 3 sessions per week, each lasting 30 to 60 minutes. It consists basic Aerobic exercise of MICT (walking, machine exercise, aerobic dance. Pre-and-post medical examination were administered for all participants; such as fasting blood sugar was measured by glucometer, low density and high-density lipoproteins were measured using chemistry machine, %BF was measured by using Accu-measure skinfold caliper. The data collected from the study subjects was analyzed using SPSS version 26 software by descriptive statistics, paired t-test and independent t test at significant level of 0.05. Cohen-d>0.5 was employed to summarize health status. Results showed MICT significantly improved fasting blood sugar, low density lipoproteins and %BF but not in high density lipoproteins at p<0.05. Based on this finding, it can be concluded that MICT significantly affect blood sugar level, %BF, and low-density lipoproteins, but not in high density lipoproteins. Therefore, MICT is suggested to middle age diabetic mellitus patients for improving health related status. https://zenodo.org/record/19816 10.20372/nadre:19816 oai:zenodo.org:19816 doi:10.20372/nadre:19815 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECTS OF MODERATE INTENSITY CONTINUOUS TRAINING ON TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS OF OUTPATIENT INDIVIDUAL IN CASE OF ENTOTO NUMBER TWO HEALTH CENTER IN ADDIS ABABA ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19818 2025-10-14T08:48:25Z user-005

BANTIE BELAY 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT In this work, the competition between superconductivity and magnetism have been examined and explained in nickel doped barium iron arsenide (BaF A superconductor. The work focuses on the theoretical investigation of the mathematical expressions for superconducting transition temperature, anti-ferromagnetic ordering transition temperature, the superconducting order parameter and anti- ferromagnetic order parameter by developing a model Hamiltonian for the system and using the retarded double time temperature dependent Green’s function formalism. Then by employing the experimental and theoretical values of the parameters in the obtained mathematical expressions, phase diagrams of the superconducting transition temperature versus superconducting order parameter, anti-ferromagnetic transition temperature versus magnetic order parameter and superconducting transition temperature versus magnetic order parameter have been plotted. Finally by combining superconducting transition temperature versus magnetic order parameter graph with magnetic ordering transition temperature versus magnetic order parameter graph we have demonstrated the possible coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism in nickel doped barium iron arsenide (BaF N A ) superconductor. The relation between superconducting transition temperature with superconducting order parameter, magnetic ordering transition temperature with magnetic order parameter and superconducting transition temperature with magnetic order parameter have been clearly explained based on the obtained equations and from the graphs https://zenodo.org/record/19818 10.20372/nadre:19818 oai:zenodo.org:19818 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19817 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN Ba2-x N A SUPERCONDUCTOR info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19822 2025-10-14T08:48:38Z user-005

HABTAMU ABERA 2025-10-14 Abstract: Moringa Stenopetala has gained attention recently in Ethiopia due to its multiple uses. It is a drought tolerant fast growing indigenous tree mainly planted and maintained for its nutritional value. An ascorbic acid excess can lead to gastric irritation and the metabolic product of vitamin C (oxalic acid) can cause renal problems. Thus, its level in food stuffs should be monitored. Hence, in this project, it was aimed to develop a novel spectrophotometer method for determination of ascorbic acid content in Moringa Stenopetala through Catalytic titration with Hexavalent chromium. The developed method was validated against HPLC as standard technique. Cr (VI) was used as UV-active material and Mn (II) used as catalyst. Determination of AA was based on the decrease in absorbance of the Cr (VI) solution as a result of its reaction with AA. Factors influencing the reduction of Cr (VI), including incubation time, solution pH and background concentration ratio had been optimized. The theoretical detection limit and Limit of quantification were calculated to be 0.00154 and 0.00513 mg/ml, respectively. Out of the 3 different area of Moringa stenopetala Leave sample studied, Fresh Moringa stenopetala from Arbaminch contained highest concentration (237±0.001 mg/100g) of AA, Followed by Fresh Moringa stenopetala from Konso (233±0.48 mg/100g and Fresh Moringa stenopetala from Dilla (21±0.48 mg/100g), respectively. But it was reduced significantly after boiling for ten minute. The level of AA content in the analyzed Moringa stenopetala Leave samples was found to decrease with increasing cooking time. Cooked Moringa stenopetala Leave sample contained lower concentration of AA than Fresh Moringa stenopetala leave sample. All studied Moringa stenopetala Leave samples contained relatively acceptable range or moderate amounts of total AA (200-250 mg/100g) and the results obtained from the modified UV-vis Spectrophotometric and HPLC methods were statistically consistent. https://zenodo.org/record/19822 10.20372/nadre:19822 oai:zenodo.org:19822 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19821 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Ascorbic acid determination, Hexavalent Chromium, HPLC, M. stenopetala Leave, UV-Vis spectrometric Method Development and Validation for Spectrophotometric Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Moringa Stenopetala leaves through Catalytic Titration with Hexavalent Chromium info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19820 2025-10-14T08:49:22Z user-005

YIBRA MEHARI 2025-10-14 The aim of the study was to probe the impact of aerobics exercise on some menstruation related problems. The study employed experimental research design. Thirty two female teachers who teach regular teaching-learning in Gedio zone Dilla Don Bosco private school in the year 2024 G.C were taken using census sampling method. Members of experimental and control group were assigned randomly into two groups.. Both the exercise group (experimental group, n = 16) and controlled group, n = 16 had fulfilled questionnaire of PPMSQ, PMSQ, and MDQ to assess physical pains, psychological symptoms and menstrual disorders respectively. Only experimental group participated in additional four months aerobics exercise interventions. The data collected from the study subjects were analyzed using SPSS-25 software by descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and percentage) and inferential statistics (paired sampled t-test, independent- test and chi-square). The results of experimental group showed that aerobics trainings were significantly improve all of the variables physical pain [MD = 1.19, P = 0.000], psychological symptom [MD = 0.62, P < 0.05], and menstrual disorders [MD = 1.92, P = 0.000] at significant value of 95% of confidence interval. But, no significant differences were observed in all of the variables in controlled group (p>0.05). Therefore, aerobics exercise can improve physical comfort, psychological comfort and menstrual orderings of menstruation. Demographic characteristics like age, weight and marital status have significance associations with physical pain (p = 0.000), psychological symptom (p =0.000) and menstrual disorders (p=0.000). https://zenodo.org/record/19820 10.20372/nadre:19820 oai:zenodo.org:19820 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19819 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISES ON MENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS IN CASE OF DILLA DON BOSCO TEACHERS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19824 2025-10-14T08:50:16Z user-005

BANTEAMLAK ANMA 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT Superconductivity and magnetism were previously thought as incompatible until the discovery of some rare earth ternary compounds that shows the coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism. In some of the recently discovery iron based layered superconductors, superconductivity and magnetism are coexisted. In current paper works with interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in hole doped barium iron arsenide superconductors. we use model Hamiltonian for the system and Green’s function formalism, we should obtain mathematical expression of superconducting transition temperature (Tc), superconducting order parameter ( ), magnetic transition temperature ( ), and magnetic order parameter ( .containing three different elements in the compound of iron arsenide BaFe2As2 becomes superconducting by hole doping which was achieved by partial substitution of the barium site with potassium. We also investigate the effect of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity are coexistence for (Ba1−xKxF e2As2). Using phase diagram and the effect of doping on the transition temperature. The phase diagram of superconducting transition temperature and magnetic transition temperature as a function of magnetic order parameter for Ba1-xKxFe2As2 show that the superconducting transition temperature decreases as the magnetic order parameter increases while the magnetic transition temperature increases with the increase of magnetic order parameter and finally emerged this two graph intersection region have been shown the possible coexistence of superconducting and magnetism in Ba1-xKxFe2As2superconductor where x is found 0 https://zenodo.org/record/19824 10.20372/nadre:19824 oai:zenodo.org:19824 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19823 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by INTERPLAY BETWEEN MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN HOLE DOPED IRON ARSENIDE (Ba1- xKxFe2As2) SUPERCONDUCTOR info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19826 2025-10-14T08:50:41Z user-005

YIBRA MEHARI 2025-10-14 The aim of the study was to probe the impact of aerobics exercise on some menstruation related problems. The study employed experimental research design. Thirty two female teachers who teach regular teaching-learning in Gedio zone Dilla Don Bosco private school in the year 2024 G.C were taken using census sampling method. Members of experimental and control group were assigned randomly into two groups.. Both the exercise group (experimental group, n = 16) and controlled group, n = 16 had fulfilled questionnaire of PPMSQ, PMSQ, and MDQ to assess physical pains, psychological symptoms and menstrual disorders respectively. Only experimental group participated in additional four months aerobics exercise interventions. The data collected from the study subjects were analyzed using SPSS-25 software by descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and percentage) and inferential statistics (paired sampled t-test, independent- test and chi-square). The results of experimental group showed that aerobics trainings were significantly improve all of the variables physical pain [MD = 1.19, P = 0.000], psychological symptom [MD = 0.62, P < 0.05], and menstrual disorders [MD = 1.92, P = 0.000] at significant value of 95% of confidence interval. But, no significant differences were observed in all of the variables in controlled group (p>0.05). Therefore, aerobics exercise can improve physical comfort, psychological comfort and menstrual orderings of menstruation. Demographic characteristics like age, weight and marital status have significance associations with physical pain (p = 0.000), psychological symptom (p =0.000) and menstrual disorders (p=0.000). https://zenodo.org/record/19826 10.20372/nadre:19826 oai:zenodo.org:19826 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19825 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISES ON MENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS IN CASE OF DILLA DON BOSCO TEACHERS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19832 2025-10-14T08:51:25Z user-005

GOSA AYELE 2025-10-14 Abstract: The application of dyes in different process industries will cause environmental impact. Thus, the need for removal of dyes using an advanced oxidation process is a vital issue to decrease the effect of dyes. Cellulose was extracted from agricultural waste corn husk using alkali treatment followed by bleaching process. Nanocellulose was prepared from cellulose by acid hydrolysis. Nanocellulose Titanium nanocomposite was prepared by ultrasonication process using acetone solvent. Loading limit of TiO2into nanocellulose was investigated to determine the optimum mass of TiO2 for photocatalyst preparation. Photocatalytic degradation activities of the nano composites under visible light irradiation were evaluated on aqueous solution of a model pollutant Methylene Blue dye solution. Nanocellulose Titanium dioxide composite was used in the photocatalytic decolorization study of methylene blue. Results confirm that nano-composite photocatalyst exhibited a relatively high efficiency on the photodegradation of Methyele blue with 86.7%. During usage of this nanocomposite as a photocatalyst for removal of MB physiochemical characteristics of the photocatalyst, the effect of the various process parameters like initial dye concentration, catalyst loading, pH value and irradiation time on the photodegradation of MB were investigated. NCTs Visible-based photocatalysis was simultaneously able to oxidize MB with an almost complete mineralization of carbon and of nitrogen and sulfur heteroatom’s into CO2, NH4+, NO3−, H2O and SO42−respectivel. In addition to this, analysis on degradation of methylene blue as an organic dye pollutant upon photocatalytic oxidation of TiO2 nanoparticles under Visible-light irradiation was optimized. https://zenodo.org/record/19832 10.20372/nadre:19832 oai:zenodo.org:19832 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19831 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Degradation, Photocatalysis, Nanocomposite, Organic pollutant, Ultrasonication, Wastewater treatment. SYNTHESIZE AND CHARACTERIZE NANOCELLULOSE BASED TiO2 NANOCOMPOSITE FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19828 2025-10-14T08:52:05Z user-005

Ayenew Meshesha 2025-10-14 Abstract This study was conducted to assess the concentration of heavy metals ( Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe, Cr)in soil and khat leaves by using Atomic Absorbation Spectroscopy(AAS). A1-g of powdered soil sample was accurately weighed Using Zeta citizon. A 10-mL of 1:3mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HCl were added to the flask and digested on Kjeldahil digestion block for an optimized period of 2:30 hour at the optimized temperature of 150°C.A 0.5-g of powdered khat leaves sample was accurately weighed by using zeta citizon.A4-mL of 1:1 mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HCl were added to the reaction vessel. Digested by using Kjeldahil digestion block for an optimized period of 2:00 hours at the optimized temperature of 150°C.The percentage recovery for the soil and khat leaves samples are found in the range of 90.9 to 97.17%.The pH value of the soils ranged from 5.6±0.03 to 6.08±0.13 then,soil samples collected from khat growing area were moderately acidic. The transfer factor (TF) value of essential heavy metals were found to be for: Fe (0.54), Cu (0.33), for Zn (0.29) and the potentially toxic heavy (Cd, Pb and Cr) were excluded in the khat leaves tissue. The average concentration for the analyte heavy metal in the research sample is higher than the average concentration for the control sample for both the soil and khat leaves, this shows that the area is contaminated. However, it have not reached the pollution stage at 95% confidence level. The average concentration of heavy metals in the research and control sample for both soil and khat leaves are lower than the maximum allowable limit (MAL) set by WHO/FAO standard at 95% confidence level. https://zenodo.org/record/19828 10.20372/nadre:19828 oai:zenodo.org:19828 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19827 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by concentration of Heavy metals, soil & khat leaves sample Analyses, AAS, Kjeldahil digestion. INVESTIGATION OF ESSENTIAL AND POTENTIALLY TOXIC HEAVY METALS IN SOILS AND KHAT LEAVES BY USING ATOMIC ABSORBATION SPECTROSCOPY (AAS) TECHNIQUE. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19830 2025-10-14T08:52:06Z user-005

KASSAHUN ZENA 2025-10-14 Aerobic training is one of among the instruments for improvement of sport performance and vital for the success of athletes. However no significant of work has been made yet on the effect of aerobic training on the performance of athletes in the area under study and national level at large. Therefore, this thesis a move towards such gaps. The purpose of this study to examine the effect of 12weeks aerobic training on the performance of athletes the case of Agereselam woreda athletics club.22 athletes selected as the sample of the study, using the comprehensive of sampling method. The athletes were assigned as one experimental group and their age ranges from 17-19years.Pre and post training test were conducted on athletic performance. Variables such as 12minute run, speed and strength. The data was collected from participates using sit up test for strength,12minute run for CVE and 60 meter speed test. The physical fitness variables selected for the study were: speed, strength and CVE. The activity was given from March to may /2013 E.C with the frequency of 3day per week for 3month and duration was 60' per session. The data were analyzed by the paired samples, t-test to examine of whether aerobic training can be affect on athletic performance or not. Statically package for social science version 20 applied to analyze the data. The result indicated that there were statistical significantly improvements in athletes' performance on selected variables due to the effect of aerobic training. These aerobic training was significant to improve the speed, strength and CVE. The mean difference between pre and post tests for speed was achieved 0.59s, strength was achieved 8.46 and also CVE was achieved 0.72m. The main finding of the study is improvement in athletes' performance of speed, Strength, and CVE in the participates under findings due to their engagement in aerobic training, they exhibit improvements on runner's performance that could help to demonstrate pronounced on the CVE, strength and speed. https://zenodo.org/record/19830 10.20372/nadre:19830 oai:zenodo.org:19830 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19829 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Effect of 12 weeks aerobic training in youth athletes on athletic performance:- the case of Agereselam world athletics club. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19834 2025-10-14T08:53:54Z user-005

LEGESE LAMISO ALCHA 2025-10-14 The purpose of the study a survey on the current status of continuous assessment in physical education class in Sidama Zone some selected woreda secondary schools. Five basic questions were raised to achieve the objectives of the study. To answer these basic research questions, descriptive survey research method was employed. For the study three wereda high schools were purposely selected for the setting of this study. From the total students of the schools approximately 5873, the sample size 280 male and 120 female generally 400 students were randomly selected from grade 9 and grade 10, nine (18) physical education teachers purposely selected as the sample. The needed data were obtained by means of questionnaires distributed to 18 physical education teachers and to 400 students, interview which was designed for physical education teachers and finally observational check list was used and percentage was used as a main technique of analysis for quantitative data and qualitative data were analyzed quantitatively (in words). The data were analyzed using SPSS. Accordingly the research revealed the following results, mostly the schools indicate the following problems; most physical education teachers did not include a variety of continuous assessment tools/ techniques in their plan, they did not use in the class activities. As a result the status of continuous assessment implementation was far from the standard and they concentrated on few tools and large class size, shortage of time, lack of teaching aids lack of availability of a few or no instructional media, lack of awareness about continuous assessment, teacher’s class load, and the student’s negative attitude towards the subject matter. As a result, it is difficult to practice continuous assessment in physical education class. Therefore, physical education teachers were not carrying their responsibilities such as awareness creation, using Varity methods of teaching, facilitating to full fill materials and generally they did not show their commitment. https://zenodo.org/record/19834 10.20372/nadre:19834 oai:zenodo.org:19834 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19833 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by PRACTICE AND CHALLENGE OF CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION; IN THE CASE OF SOME SELECTED SECONDERY SCHOOLS SIDAMA ZONE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19838 2025-10-14T08:54:04Z user-005

ABATE TESHALE 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT The Competition of magnetism and Superconductivity were previously thought as incompatible until the discovery of some rare earth ternary compounds that show the coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism. In some of the recently discovered iron-based layered superconductivity and magnetism coexist.the coexistence of superconductivity and antiferromagnetic in electron doped Lantanyem arsenide oxide superconductor (LaAsFeO1−xHx) has been studied theoretically by developed Hamiltonian considering multi band nature. Employ Greens function with the model Hamiltonian mathematical a theoretical for Tc, The phase diagram superconductor of transition temperatures and antiferromagnetic transition temperatures versus the antiferromagnetic order parameter for the system indicates that the transition temperatures decrease as the anti-ferromagnetic orders parameter increase while the anti-ferromagnetic transition temperatures increase as the anti-ferromagnetic order parameter increases. Moreover, the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and superconductivity has been demonstrated by merging the phase diagrams of Tc as function and as function The merged phase diagram shows that the superconductor and anti-ferromagnetic states are coexisted in range between 2.3< < 4.2 in (LaAsFeO1−xHx) which agree with the experimental result. https://zenodo.org/record/19838 10.20372/nadre:19838 oai:zenodo.org:19838 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19837 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE STUDY OF COMPETITION BETWEEN MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTING IN ELECTRON DOPED LANTANYEM IRON ARSENIC OXIDE (LaFeASO1-XHX). info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19836 2025-10-14T08:54:42Z user-005

GASHAW SEIFE H/YOHANNES 2025-10-14 Abstract: The wastewater discharged from textile factories is the key present topic of water pollution problems. So, it is vital to reduce the pollutants from industrial effluents before their release into the environment. The current study was to investigate the appropriateness of iron dinitrobenzene carboxylic acid as effective adsorbents for removal of methylene blue from the textile wastewater. Batch adsorption experiments were optimized via adsorption parameters such as optimal adsorbent dosage, pH, initial MB concentration, and time were carried out to evaluate parameters that influence the adsorption process. The synthesized iron dinitro benzene dicarboxylic acid was analyzed by iodine number, and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared and X-ray diffraction techniques. The result of the sample iron dinitro benzene dicarboxylic acid showed that the particle size is 0.97nm with amorphous structure. The performance of iron dinitro benzene dicarboxylic acid adsorbent is best at the optimum pH 6 with removal efficiency of 87.3. The optimum contact time was obtained at 90 minute for iron dinitro benzoic acid with removal efficiency 94.8%, while optimum adsorbent dosage was obtained at 0.5 gram with removal efficiency of 88.6%, and at the initial concentration of 1 ppm with removal efficiency of 93.5% iron dinitro benzoic acid adsorption experiment. The Adsorption isotherms results have well fitted to Freundlich isotherm than Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption kinetics results were best fitted the pseudo second order model. The result showed that iron dinitro had high removal efficiency. Application of this method can be economically and environmentally feasible to address wastewater problems. Further research has to be carried out on the removal capacity of this adsorbent for organic dyes not only from the textile industry but also from leather industries and soap industries. This is possibly due to the high porous nature and huge surface area of the as-synthesized sample. https://zenodo.org/record/19836 10.20372/nadre:19836 oai:zenodo.org:19836 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19835 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by adsorption, metal-organic framework, methylene blue, removal efficiency, Wastewater. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON-BASED METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS FOR REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19840 2025-10-14T08:55:24Z user-005

LINOS TITOS 2025-10-14 The main aim of the study was to assess the effects of social media on leading active ways of life among secondary school teachers in Misha woreda, in Hadiya Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia. The study used descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed. The total population of the study was 70. The total population of the study was all teachers that are currently working in Misha Woreda. In Was-Gebeta Secondary and preparatory school there are 28 teachers, in Morsito Secondary and Preparatory school 22, and in Kunafa secondary school there are 20 teachers. Then, 41(58.57%) samples were selected. From 28 Was-Gebeta Secondary and preparatory school teachers 16 (57.14%), from 22 Morsito Secondary and Preparatory school teachers 13 (59%), and from 20 Kunafa secondary school teachers 12 (58.57%), totally from 70 teachers 41 (58.57%) teachers were included in the study. Then, 35 teachers were selected using simple random sampling technique for questionnaires and 6 physical education teachers were selected using purposive sampling for interview from three secondary and preparatory schools. The data that was obtained through questionnaire and interview were analyzed based on the nature of the data using frequency and percentage by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 26. The major findings of the study were most of teachers used more than five social media sites and multiple times a day; 43.8% teachers are not involving in vigorous- intensity activity. Therefore, the study recommended that teachers should focus on educational sites and should program physical activity sessions per a week. https://zenodo.org/record/19840 10.20372/nadre:19840 oai:zenodo.org:19840 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19839 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON LEADING ACTIVE WAY OF LIFE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN MISHA WOREDA, IN HADIYA ZONE, SOUTHERN NATIONS NATIONALITIES AND PEOPLE REGION, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19842 2025-10-14T08:55:41Z user-005

Yohannes Mekonnen 2025-10-14 Abstract In this, thesis we study the theoretical and computational method to investigate properties of clusters and cluster-related phenomena specifically, magnetization, heat capacity and the influence number of atom on magnetization of Co, Fe & 𝑁𝑖 clusters. We have developed a theoretical framework for calculating magnetic heat capacity and reduced magnetization by combing the Heisenberg model and Bloch three-half power law. The temperature dependencies of spin-wave specific heat capacity and reduced magnetization are determined results shows T 3 2 ⁄ dependence of ferromagnetic case moreover the magnetization directly proportional with the number of atoms. As the temperature increases, the magnetization decreases on the other hand the values of magnetic heat capacity become increasingly higher than that of the values at low temperatures. The heat capacity vanishes at absolute zero and at low temperatures it is proportional to the absolute temperature. Magnetization M (T) curves are more shallow a small clusters (i.e. small number of atoms) than for large clusters and also critical temperature varies with cluster size. As the number of atom increases the magnetization increases accordingly. Determining the contribution of magnetic heat capacity is also important for many applications. We therefore, focus on understanding the ferromagnetic properties Co, Fe & 𝑁𝑖 transition metals clusters, within the frame work of the Heisenberg model, and the Bloch T 3 2 ⁄ law. The models taking into account, calculations are performed. https://zenodo.org/record/19842 10.20372/nadre:19842 oai:zenodo.org:19842 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19841 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Low temperature magnetic and thermal properties of Co, Fe and Ni clusters info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19844 2025-10-14T08:56:55Z user-005

MATEBIE DEMELASH 2025-10-14 The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of training with - and without ball on speed and agility of Female students in Ginager secondary school. In this study experimental design was employed. To select the subjects of the study, simple random sampling technique was used. The study subjects (n= 60) Male students in age range from 17-19 were included. The selected samples were grouped in to three randomly of (n=20) G-1 with ball group, (n= 20) G-2 without ball and (n= 20) G-3 control group. Special training or treatment was provided for groups G-1 and G-2 and twelve consecutive weeks and G-3 (control group) did not any special treatment. Pre and post- test measurements of speed and agility were taken from CG & EG before and after the experimentation. The study period was twelve week and three times per week one hour per day; The data was obtained from the subjects scores in this test were analyzed by using One-Way ANOVA . Statistical Package for Social Science version 21.0 was used for the analysis and significant level of 0.05 was set. Additionally, to compare the post test results mean difference between the three groups were employed result indicated that with and without ball had significant improved speed and agility but with ball better improvement on agility than without ball and control group. With and without ball had significant improved in speed and agility but without ball better improvement on speed than with ball and control group. https://zenodo.org/record/19844 10.20372/nadre:19844 oai:zenodo.org:19844 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19843 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE EFFECT OF TRAINING WITH AND WITHOUT BALL ON SPEED AND AGILITY IMPROVEMENT OF FOOTBALL IN THE CASE OF GINAGER TOWN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19848 2025-10-14T08:57:14Z user-005

HABTAMU MANAYE 2025-10-14 Abstract The synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles with the use of medicinal plant extract is a promising alternative to the conventional chemical method. This work aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using a green approach from “Beet root” extract. The green zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to the result of this study, ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using Beet Root extract showed an average crystalline size of 17.44, 19.30 and 19.70 nm for the ZnO NPs calcined at 450, 550 and 650℃, respectively. The FT-IR analysis shows the presence of various functional groups such as ketones, alcohols, aldehydes and many others too. UV-Vis functional group analysis proves as the band gap energy was found in the range of 3.23 - 3.33 eV. The SEM analysis also shows the surface morphology of ZnO NPs was found to be hexagonal structure. https://zenodo.org/record/19848 10.20372/nadre:19848 oai:zenodo.org:19848 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19847 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ZnO, green method, Beet root GREEN SYNTHESIS OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES BY USING BEET ROOT EXTRACT info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19846 2025-10-14T08:57:59Z user-005

ASMAMAW ERGETE 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT: Coffee is an important commodity culturally, commercially and economically in the world. Because of its consumption in most countries in the world, it is important to determine the concentration of caffeine in coffee sample. In this research 6705 UV/vis spectrophotometer was used for the determination of caffeine content in roasted coffee and chloroform was used as a solvent for the coffee sample taken from south Wollo zone Borena wereda in three kebeles .The results show that the caffeine content of Jimay, Gatira and Meskabe kebeles samples were 564,638.4and 668.4 ppm respectively. That is, the caffeine content of Meskabe >Jimay >Gatira roasted samples of coffee. Finally, the results of present study was compared with the caffeine contents of the world’s largest coffee producing countries such as Kenya, Indonesia, Colombia, Vietnam, and Brazil with the range of caffeine content of coffee producing countries. https://zenodo.org/record/19846 10.20372/nadre:19846 oai:zenodo.org:19846 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19845 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by coffee, caffeine, UV/VIS spectroscopy. DETERMINATIONOFCAFFEINECONTENTIN COFFEE BEANS GROWN IN BORENA MEKANE SELAM, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19850 2025-10-14T08:58:25Z user-005

GETASEW ALMAW CHKOL 2025-10-14 The purpose of this study was, to investigate the barriers of female students in learning physical education practical class in Aleta chuko ketema and Aleta chuko woreda secondary and preparatory school. This study was employed a descriptive survey design that used simple random sampling techniques and a self-administered questionnaire interview and observation was used to collect information. The data gathered from questionnaire was, analyzed in the form of qualitative and quantitative and interview and observation was, analyzed by using qualitative approach. The total population 2837 students (2830) and (7) male physical education teachers that the sample to selected 283(10%) students at 2020/21 academic year. In addition, 7male physical education teachers selected whole methods. The sample consists of students in four schools. The questionnaire instruments consisted from three parts that included;- social and cultural barriers, environmental barriers, and intrapersonal barriers and enter into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program for analysis. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics that are uses included frequencies, and percentages. The major findings includes; social and cultural barriers of female students in learning physical education practical class were culture, society, family, friends, school administration employees. Environmental barriers of female students in learning physical education practical class were shortage of physical education facility and equipment, safety place, recreational place, role model, health team or club and for female students. Intrapersonal barriers of female students in learning physical education practical class such as; frustrating cultural norms, feeling of embarrassed, fear of injury, and shyness. Nevertheless, female students do not have interest or motivation, positive attitude, and self-confidence in learning physical education practical class. Generally, intrapersonal barriers were higher barriers from other barriers (social-cultural and environmental barriers) in learning physical education practical class of female students. Hence, it was, recommended that depending on the result of findings, concerned bodies such as physical education teachers, school administration, ministry of education, Should create awareness for female students about the benefits of learning physical education practical class and motivates female students https://zenodo.org/record/19850 10.20372/nadre:19850 oai:zenodo.org:19850 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19849 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by BARRIERS OF FEMALE STUDENTS IN LEARNINIG PHYSICAL EDUCATION PRACTICAL CLASS IN ALETA CHUKO KETEMA AND ALETA CHUKO WORDA ADMINISTRATION SECONDARY AND PREPARATORY SCHOOL, SIDAMA REGION info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19852 2025-10-14T08:58:45Z user-005

GETNET DESSIE 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT Superconductivity is characterized by disappearance of electrical resistivity and expulsion of magnetic field from the interior of a solid. The notion of interplay of magnetism and superconductivity has been an area of intensive research. In this work, the interaction between superconductivity and magnetism has been studied in strontium iron arsenide iron based superconductor, Sr1-xNaxFe2As2.Employing retarder double-time green function with two band model Hamiltonian, mathematical expression for superconducting transition temperature and spin density wave transition temperature as a function of order parameter have been found for SrFe2As2.The phase diagram of superconducting and magnetic temperature as a function of magnetic order parameter of Sr1-xNaxFe2As2,shows that the superconducting transition temperature decreases as the increase of the magnetic order parameter .The magnetic transition temperature increases with increase of the magnetic order parameter. The combined phase diagram of superconducting and magnetic temperature as a function of magnetic order parameter shows that superconducting and spin density wave (SDW) coexistence in some range of magnetic order parameter in SrFe2As2 which is in broad agreement with experiment observations. https://zenodo.org/record/19852 10.20372/nadre:19852 oai:zenodo.org:19852 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19851 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND MAGNETIC INTERACTION IN TWO BAND MODEL FOR HOLE- DOPED STRONTIUM IRON ARSENIDE S info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19854 2025-10-14T08:59:56Z user-005

DESYE SISAY FELEKE 2025-10-14 The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between team cohesion and team performance in the case of Woldia Kenema and Dessie Kenema football clubs that were playing in the super League of Ethiopia in 2018/19 G.C. The study compared the differences between the two teams in social and task cohesion. Teams’ cohesiveness (social and task cohesion), team’s performance, the extent of team cohesion in predicting team performance were also addressed. The study used/adopted correlation research design. The target population comprised 50 players, four coaches, two team physicians, and two team leaders of Woldia Kenema and Dessie Kenema football teams. A comprehensive sampling technique was used because all players, coaches, physicians, and team leaders of both teams were included in the study as samples units. The players completed the Group Environment Questionnaire and a measure of team performance questionnaire developed by the researcher. Face to face structured interview was also conducted to generate qualitative data on team cohesion and team performance. The collected data were analyzed using narrative description, descriptive statistics, correlation and regression. The result showed that there was significant and moderate positive correlation between team cohesion and team performance. Team cohesion predicted team performance explaining 42.5% of its variance. Task cohesion predicted 44.9% of its variance while social cohesion didn’t. There were also significant differences between the two teams in team cohesion and team performance. The result implied that team cohesion had theoretical and practical significance in improving team performance. Despite limited sample size and study variables, the present study figured out that team cohesion had significant positive relation with team performance https://zenodo.org/record/19854 10.20372/nadre:19854 oai:zenodo.org:19854 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19853 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEAM COHESION AND TEAM PERFORMANCE IN THE CASE OF WOLDIYA KENEMA AND DESSIE KENEMA SUPERLEAGUE FOOTBALL TEAMS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19856 2025-10-14T09:00:09Z user-005

AYENEW YIBELTAL 2025-10-14 Abstract Superconductivity and magnetism often thought to be incompatible each other. However, superconductivity often emerges in competition with magnetism in iron based superconductor. In the present work, the competition between superconductivity and magnetism have been examined in rhodium doped barium iron arsenide (Ba(Fe1-xRhx)2As2) superconductors based on two band model of Hamiltonian. Employing retarded double time temperature dependent green’s function with the model Hamiltonian, the expression for superconducting transition temperature (ܶ஼) and spin density wave transition temperature (ܶ௠) as a function of magnetic order parameter (M) have been found. The plotted graph of superconducting transition temperature (ܶ஼) as a function of magnetic order parameter reveals the superconducting transition temperature decreases as the magnetic order parameter increases. The graph of magnetic transition temperature as a function of magnetic order parameter show that SDW transition temperature increases with the increase of magnetic order parameter. The region under the intersection of the two merged graphs of ܶ஼ as a function of magnetic order parameter and ܶ௠ as a function of magnetic order parameter show that the possible coexistence of superconductivity and spin density wave in Ba(Fe1-xRhx)2As2 superconductors between the region 0.46≤ ܯ ≥ 0.59. https://zenodo.org/record/19856 10.20372/nadre:19856 oai:zenodo.org:19856 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19855 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND MAGNETISM IN RHODIUM DOPED BARIUM IRON ARSENIDE Ba(Fe1-xRhx)2As2 SUPERCONDUCTOR info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19860 2025-10-14T09:00:43Z user-005

BERHANU ASEFA EJETA 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT: Wastewater from textiles and other industries containing dyes pose a serious health hazard. In this study, Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized through green method using Moringa stenopetala leaf extract and, then evaluated for its removal efficiency of a toxic organic dyes(Congo red and Malachite green)from aqueous solution. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles were characterized using various analytical techniques. From XRD data, the average particle size of the synthesized CuO NPs was calculated by Debye-Scherrer’s equation and found to be 8.33 nm and the nanoparticle is crystalline in nature. The FT-IR spectra of the Cu-O different bending vibration bands at 1116 cm-1 and stretching vibration of Cu-O at 1649 cm-1 shows formation of CuO NPs. The morphology synthesized nanoparticles were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result shows that the grains appear plate like morphology and some of the particle with spherically random orientation. From the pH points of zero charge techniques, the point zero charge of CuO NPs adsorbent was found to be 7.00. The adsorption of dyes on the green synthesized CuO NPs was studied by optimizing different experimental parameters. The removal efficiencies of green synthesized CuO NPs adsorbent were found to be 99.54% at optimum conditions (pH = 4, initial concentration = 30 ppm, adsorbent dose = 0.25 gm and contact time = 80 min) and 98.33% at optimum conditions (pH 11, initial concentration = 20 ppm, adsorbent dose = 0.4 gm and contact time 80 min) for Congo red and Malachite green respectively. The kinetics study indicates that adsorption of Congo red and Malachite green on the surface of the CuO NPs adsorbent follows pseudo second-order kinetics and the adsorption isotherm studies indicates that equilibrium data well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm for Congo red and Malachite green dyes. https://zenodo.org/record/19860 10.20372/nadre:19860 oai:zenodo.org:19860 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19859 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Copper Oxide nanoparticles, green synthesis, Malachite Green, Congo red, Removal efficiency, Pseudo-kinetics study, Adsorption equilibrium isotherm. GREEN SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OFCOPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR REMOVAL OF ORGANIC DYES info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19858 2025-10-14T09:01:20Z user-005

MUHABAW TESHAGER 2025-10-14 The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of aerobic exercise in the morning versus afternoon on health-related physical fitness variables following the physical fitness training period in the case of sport Science male Students of Wollo University, pre and post-test data and manipulation of the cause and effect relationship between independent and dependent variables, the researcher used the quasi-experimental design. A simple random sampling technique was used to assign morning and afternoon groups. Therefore, fifteen (15) subjects were assigned to the morning training group and fifteen (15) subjects’ afternoon training group. Both groups participated in aerobic training workouts for 8 weeks 3 days per week a total of 60 minutes. The parameters selected for the study were a 3-minute step test for cardio-respiratory fitness, push-up and sit-up test for muscular endurance, sit-reach test for flexibility, and skin fold test for body composition. Pre-posttest were conducted for all 30 subjects on all health-related physical fitness variables and the score was recorded. Data collected from health-related physical fitness variables measurements were analyzed through descriptive statistics (mean ± Standard deviation) and paired sample T-test (Mean difference, Standard deviation mean, and significance levels), and independent t-test to analyze and compare the statistical (mean) difference between the results of two groups of posttest at a significant level of 0.05. The findings of this study revealed that the afternoon group produces significant improvements better than the morning group. The AG and MG independent t-test mean results of cardio-respiratory fitness were, (96.84± 9.032 and 104.00± 9.768 at p=0.046), muscular endurance (40.13±6.390 and 35.26±5.133 at p=0.029) and (40.400±3.418 and 37.06± 3.750 at p=0.017), flexibility (11.26± 5.560 and 6.066± 5.391 at p=0.015) and body composition (9.636± 1.367 and 10.86±1.490 at p=0.026) respectively. The present study showed that the afternoon group has significance effects on all health-related physical fitness variables. Based on the finding the researcher was eager to recommend that aerobic exercise should be given in the afternoon to enhance the performance of health-related physical fitness. https://zenodo.org/record/19858 10.20372/nadre:19858 oai:zenodo.org:19858 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19857 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by EFFECTS OF AEROBIC EXERCISE IN THE MORNING VERSUS AFTERNOON ON PHYSICAL FITNESS AMONG SPORT SCIENCE MALE STUDENTS AT WOLLO UNIVERSITY. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19862 2025-10-14T09:01:41Z user-005

AMARE AYSHESHIM 2025-10-14 Abstract The present study reported the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous R.prinoides leaf extract as a reducing agent. Plant extract is easily available, generally safe and nontoxic. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The formation of Ag nanoparticles were indicated by the color change from colorless to reddish brown. UV-Visible spectroscopy showed surface Plasmon resonance of the Ag nanoparticles 380nm. XRD analysis reveals that the synthesized Ag NPs crystalline and exhibit a face- centered cubic structure. The synthesis of AgNPs with R.prinoides leave extract is simple, rapid, environmentally benign and inexpensive. https://zenodo.org/record/19862 10.20372/nadre:19862 oai:zenodo.org:19862 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19861 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILIVER NANOPARTICLES BY USING RHAMNUS PRINOIDES PLANT LEAF EXTRACT info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19868 2025-10-14T09:02:54Z user-005

MULUSEW YENEABAT 2025-10-14 The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative effects of aerobic dance and Gojjam cultural dance on health-related physical fitness of Female students in Merawi high school. In this study quasi experimental design was employed. To select the subjects of the study, available and simple random sampling technique was used. The study subjects (n= 60) female students in age range from 17-19 were included. The selected samples were grouped in to three randomly of (n=20) G-1 aerobic dance group, (n= 20) G-2 Gojjam cultural dance and (n= 20) G-3 control group. Special training or treatment was provided for groups G-1 and G-2 and twelve consecutive weeks and G-3 (control group) did not any special treatment. The selected health related physical fitness CVE, MS, ME, flexibility and body composition. To gather the necessary data: aerobic dance (AD), Gojjam cultural dance (GCD) and CG training for the experimental groups. Pre and post-test measurements were taken from all subjects before and after the experimentation. The study period was twelve week and three times per week one hour per day; the statistical technique used in this study was ANCOVA post hoc multiple comparisons and LSD Confidence interval post hoc test at the significant level of 0.05. beside this to compare the post test results mean difference between the three groups were employed result indicated that aerobic dance and Gojjam cultural dance had significant improved in health related physical fitness componentsexcept body composition but aerobic dance better improvement on cardiovascular endurance than Gojjam cultural dance and control group https://zenodo.org/record/19868 10.20372/nadre:19868 oai:zenodo.org:19868 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19867 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN GOJJAM TRADITIONAL DANCE AND AEROBIC DANCE AND ITS EFFECT ON PHYSICAL FITNESS OF SCONDARY SCHOOLFEMALE STUDENTS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19870 2025-10-14T09:03:24Z user-005

MULUKEN TADESSE 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT The interplay between the optical, electrical and magnetic properties of (++, ),+ diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) is of fundamental interest and may enable future spinoptoelectronic devices. In order to enable to them useful for such devices efforts have been made to develop diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) in which small quantity of magnetic ion is introduced in to normal semiconductors. with face centered cubic structure and longrange antiferromagnetic ordering is investigated within the frame work of the Heisenberg model. The Hamiltonian includes exchange interactions with the nearest neighbors and Zeeman terms. Calculations are performed using Holstein-Primakoff transformation and Green’s function formalism. By using these techniques and model, we examine excited total number of magnon, equation of motion, dispersion relation, Temperature dependencies of reduced magnetization and linear concentration dependence of Neel temperature is also predicted. In the 3D case the magnetization decreases as power of two ( - ) with temperature and for the 2D and 1" it decreases by () with temperature. https://zenodo.org/record/19870 10.20372/nadre:19870 oai:zenodo.org:19870 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19869 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by ANTIFERROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF LOW DIMENSIONAL MANGANESE DOPED ZINC TELLURIDE () DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19866 2025-10-14T09:03:51Z user-005

ESAYAS AJIRE 2025-10-14 ABSTRACT: Plectranthus edulis is an indigenous annual tuber crop grown widely in the central, southern, western, northwestern and southwestern parts of Ethiopia. Despite its consumptions and popularity in some regions of the country, its chemical composition is not investigated in depth and there is paucity of information about the nutrition content and little is known about its starch and mineral composition in single variety. This study was aimed to analyze the selected mineral nutrients, sugars, total phenolic content,total flavonoids contentand antioxidant activities of five varieties of P.edulis samples collected from Kemba and Bonke Woreda, in Gamo Zone, SNNPR; Ethiopa. Samples were analyzed for eleven elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Cr Ni, Cd and Pb), sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose), total phenolics and flavonoids, and antioxidant activity by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Refractive Index Detector, Spectrophotometer, and DPPH assay respectively. 0.5 g of freeze-dried sample was digested using 4 mL of (69–72%) HNO3 and 4 mL of (70%) HClO4, for 2 h at variable temperature (100–1800C) with previously optimized procedures for element determination.1g of freeze-dried sample was extracted in 25 mL of 100 % methanol and 80% aq. methanol for total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity by using ultrasonic cleaning machine at 300C for 1hr. The mean concentration range (in mg/Kg 1 ) of each metal in five P. edulis local varieties were Mg (999–1271), Ca (856–1210), Fe (248 412), Mn (34.1–46.0), Zn (17.9–35.9), Cu (17.5–42.2), Cr (0.70–11.8) and Ni (1.60–10.8). The results of the studied metals in the five samples showed the ability of P. edulis tuber to accumulate high amounts of both major and traceelements. The most abundant majorelements analyzed were Mg and Ca. The content of Fe in the P. edulis tubers was the predominant among the tested traceelements. On the other hand, Co, Cd and Pb were not detected in all the investigated P. edulis tubers varieties. The determined total phenolics content was ranged from 10.9–15.2 mg/g for 100% methanol and 14.4–23.3 mg/g for 80% aq. methanol. The total flavonoids content was ranged 3.38–5.31 mg/g for 100% methanol and 6.62–8.37 mg/g for 80% aq. methanol. The antioxidant activity of five P. edulis varieties of two solvents were ranged from 9.72–25.0 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/gramof sample dry weight.Correlations of total phenolics content and total flavonoids content with antioxidant activity were investigated and the correlation was strong and positive for both total phenolics content of 100% methanol, total x flavonoids content of 100% methanol and total flavonoids content of 80% aq. methanol, but weakly positive for total phenolics content of 80% methanol. The results showed that extraction solvents had a significant impact on the total phenolics content, total flavonoids conent and antioxidant activity, and the 80% aq. methanol extract had higher antioxidant activity compared with the 100% methanol extract. Furthermore, sugar compositions were determined and the method was characterized by linearity, precision, accuracy. The P. edulis vaieties showed the presence of glucose (15.1–21.1g/100g) and fructose (3.34–4.10 g/100g), and sucrose and maltose were not detected in all P. edulis tuber varieties.Generally the quantities of all investigated parameters were affected by varirties of P. edulis tubers and siginificantly different between some varieties. https://zenodo.org/record/19866 10.20372/nadre:19866 oai:zenodo.org:19866 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19865 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/005 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by antioxidant activity, elements, flavonoids, HPLC-RI, ICP-OES, phenolics, Plectranthus edulis, sugars, tuber crops INVESTIGATION OF ELEMENTS, SUGARS, TOTAL PHENOLICS,TOTAL FLAVONOIDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PLECTRANTHUS EDULIS(ETHIOPIAN POTATO) TUBERS VARIETY info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis .eJw1jkFvgjAYQP_Ld2ZL2wFZuc1MmrCNaA2fwsV0tDJGGw2USGL87_biu753eDeYjNGQkVfKOI1JTN8SztP0PU0jmNrxbO2xDx5yYeeaLbQReKoZn7XAWOec6r0dPg85bQ5Fst0ng3RIatat8mF9xf_W_-DfFwrqpdNKV5cG3XZRdv3xpF_Vccv8XAmLlS2K0vGdxKL8dbL6xlJCBBfVGchYBMNVjd0E2S1M-_A0T2Z8ISQJjTNeaeXVZjSnfgnurPqjbuF-fwCX1Uce.afjjTg.cSb9t4upnOTUZ4KH3lUM8-9js8w