2026-05-04T18:20:48Z https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/oai2d

oai:zenodo.org:13630 2025-07-29T06:56:57Z user-003

ADDIS SHIMELIS 2025-07-29 This study was conducted in urban and Pre-Urban Areas of Adama, Oromia Region, Ethiopia with the objective of the studying dairy cattle productivity and AIpractices in the study area. The study involved cross sectional survey, retrospective and monitoring study. A total of 130 dairy cow owners were randomly selected and interviewed with pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. For monitoring study lactating cows (N=50) and newly born calves (N=50) of local and cross breed were purposively selected and monitored for milk yieldgrowth of calves until weaning. For retrospective study, data were collected from record book of the AI covering year 2013 to 2017. Survey data were analyzed using SPSS statistical package (SPSS version 20) and Monitoring data were analyzed by SAS Version 9.1. The result showed that both AI and natural mating was used for breeding cattle. From the survey results, the mean age at first service was 3.37 ±0.07 and 1.62±0.09 years for local and crossbreed respectively. The mean AFC, CI, NSPC, DO, MPD, LL, Longevity, for local and crossbreed was 4.17 ±0.07 and 2.32±0.11 years, 1.32±0.06, 1.09±0.03 year, 1.15 ±0.05, 2.60±0.26, 135.42 ±4.15, 91.5±5.76 days, 2.57 ±0.14, 11.92±0.52 liter, 7.45 ±0.22, 9.63±0.21 months, and 14.12 ±0.1714.06±1.37 years and gives mean 9 ±0.17, 9.74±0.32 calves, within this life time respectively.The result of monitoring study showed that the average daily milk yield for local, 50%-75% and > 75% caws was 2.59, 8.6 and 14.10 liters, respectively. And average for crossbreed was 12.68liter. Daily milk yield of local cows found in monitoring study was support milk yield found in survey study. The average 305 day milk yield for local and their crossbred of 50%- 75% and >75% was 786.562±110.43, 2638.52±496.70, and 4410.15±537.72 liters, respectively and average for crossbred was 3524.34 liters. Average birth weight of local and crossbreed calves were 19.83±2.43 and 29.30±3.92 kg, respectively. The overall mean of WW of local and crossbreed calf was 48.11±7.19 and 64.10±8.20 kg, respectively and ADWG was 0.363 kg with ADWG for male and female of 0.395kg and 0.325 respectively. Cost and unavailability of improved breeds, high cost of feed, shortage of AItechnicians and semen was the major constraints hindering AI service delivery system and dairy production in the study area. Therefore, the reproductive performance of dairy cows in the area should be improved through appropriate heat detection, improved feed development, and introduction of improved breeds, improved level of husbandry recommended. https://zenodo.org/record/13630 10.20372/nadre:13630 oai:zenodo.org:13630 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13629 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by AI, dairy production, reproductive and productive performance ASSESSMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE PRODUCTIVITY AND ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PRACTICES IN DIFFERENT PRODUCTION SYSTEM OF URBAN AND PRE-URBAN AREAS OF ADAMA, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13638 2025-07-29T06:59:13Z user-003

ARGISSO ASHIRO 2025-07-29 This study was carried out in Malga district in rural and peri-urban areas of Sidama Region, Ethiopia. A total of 157 households, 130 from rural and 27 from peri-urban Kebeles selected among milk producing smallholder households and interviewed. For microbial analysis a total of 20 raw milk samples were collected aseptically using sterile sample bottles. The water sources used for cleaning purpose of milk handling equipment in peri-urban and rural households were from river 31.6%, pond 16.8%, tap and pond 35.2%, tap and river 16.4%. Overall, majority of households (84%) used cold water for washing milk handling equipment, while the others used warm water. The proportion of households using towel was also varied, where only about 13.8% used common towel to dry udder after washing, where all are from peri-urban areas. Overall, about 16.9% of the producers used “Tenadam” (Ruta chalepensis) and 33.9% used “Kacha” (Agave sisalena), 35.2% used Datata (lamium amplexicaule) and 14% used Bowanyamo (Pedicularis groelandica) to wash milk and milk products handling equipment. About 44.2%, 39%, 15.2% and 1.6% of respondents in current study area use „"Tid" (Juniperous procera), “Weyra” (Olea africana), Old bamboos and not smoking practice to equipment. Most interviewed respondents in the peri-urban areas (88.9%) and rural areas (24.6%) practiced washing of milking utensils before milking. Overall 37.1% of the households used clay pot and metal utensils to keep milk and milk products, while 30.7% used glasses especially in urban areas. The majority of households (22.3% rural) and (33.4 peri-urban) used bamboo by-products as bedding materials, while others do not use. The overall result indicated that, milk production for household consumption purpose accounts about 49.9%, whereas for market accounts about 3.7% and for both consumption and sale purpose accounts about 46.4%. The microbial quality of raw milk samples show that an average total bacteria of 5.82 and 6.07 log10 cfu/ml respectively, from samples taken from peri-urban and rural households, respectively. This high level of contamination of milk might be due to initial contamination of milk originating from the udder surface, source of cleaning water, milkier hygienic condition and milking utensils. The mean Coliforms count from raw milk samples collected from peri-urban and rural raw milk producer households were 5.77 and 6.02 log10 cfu/ml respectively with over all mean value of 5.89 log10 cfu/ml. In conclusion, the milk handling practices and utilization and quality of milk and milk products in the study area needs attention of the extension, research and other forms of support for improvement. https://zenodo.org/record/13638 10.20372/nadre:13638 oai:zenodo.org:13638 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13637 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by hygienic, income, milk utilization, peri-urban, raw milk, rural RAW MILK HANDLING, UTILIZATION AND MICROBIAL QUALITY AMONG RURAL AND PERI- URBAN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN MALGA DISTRICT OF SIDAMA REGION, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13642 2025-07-29T07:01:15Z user-003

Ashebir Beyene 2025-07-29 The cross-sectional study was conducted in Dibicha, Gololicha, Debeqa and Wedeyi area of Abaya woreda, West Guji zone from July 2017 to January, 2018. The main objectives of this research was to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis, identified the potential risk factors, the species of trypanosomiasis and testes by using buffy coat and entomological (traps) study methodologies respectively. A total of 384 study animals were selected by cross sectional study design and simple random sampling technique. Out of the total examined cattle, 2.6% (10/384) was infected with trypanosomes congolense and which Dibicha 4.17%, (4/96), Gololcha 2.08% (2/96), Debeka 1.04% (1/96), and Wedeyi 3.13% (3/96) recorded. However, the results was shown not statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Female animal 6 (2.73%), male animal 4 (2.44%), 3.33% in the 1-3 (young) age group and 3.23% in 3-8 (Adult) also these factors the other insignificant risk factors. The overall mean PCV values between parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals were 24.88% +4.259SD and 26.64% +3.984SD respectively with no significantly different (P>0.05). The apparent density of Glossina Pallidipes in the study area were 0.2fly/trap/day in Dibicha area higher than 0.04fly/trap/day in Debeqa area PAS with the overall apparent density of 0.11%F/T/D. The study revealed that trypanosomosis was an important disease and a potential threat affected the health and productivity of animals in the study area. Strategic control of bovine trypanosomosis including vector control, settlement of the society and restrict the movement of cattle to the boundary vice verse should be strengthened to improve livestock production and agricultural development in the area. https://zenodo.org/record/13642 10.20372/nadre:13642 oai:zenodo.org:13642 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13641 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Abaya, Buffy coat, Prevalence, Testes, Trypanosomia congolense STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF BOVINE TRYPANOSOMIASIS AND ITS POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS IN ABAYA DISTRICT, OROMIA REGION. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13654 2025-07-29T07:06:44Z user-003

Galgalo Birhanu 2025-07-29 The study was conducted to assess beef cattle production, marketing, available feed resource and evaluating nutrient composition of selected browse species in Kercha district West Guji Zone Southern Ethiopia. A total of 120 households were selected purposively for survey study. Both primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed by using SAS. The 80% of farmers in study area kept their beef cattle under extensive production system and the beef cattle production opportunity in the study area were high beef cattle demand, favorable environment, feed and water availability and accessibility of road. The production constraint in study area were knowledge gap on beef cattle husbandry and management, feed shortage and disease occurrence. The major feed resources in Kercha district were natural pasture, crop residues, browse trees and kitchen left over. From the totally identified feeds, four major and highly utilized browse tree, which were nominated by the respondents from study area, were selected and subjected for chemical analysis, to determine the DM, Ash, CP, NDF, ADF, ADL and EE. The Millettia ferruginea has 92.7% DM, 17.4% Ash, 50.3% NDF, 24.76% ADF, 9.05%ADL, 23.85%CP and 7.11%EE, Vernonia amygdalina has 95.7%DM, 14.39%Ash, 35.31%NDF, 18.45% ADF, 8.63%ADL, 17.82% CP% and 10.25%EE, Triumfetta tomentosa has 89.7%DM, 10.19%Ash, 34.67% NDF%, 21.43% ADF, 9.01% ADL, 12.85%CP and 7.25% EE and Dombeya torrida has 90% DM, 13% Ash, 33.54% NDF, 17.23%ADF, 5.92% ADL, 14.49%CP and 6.6%EE. The highest CP content was found in Millettia ferruginea and the lowest was Triumfetta tomentosa. There were significant differences in chemical composition between different browse species and in different agro ecology at (p<0.05). In order to improve the performance of beef cattle production, especially under traditional production system, there is a need to supply adequate feed in terms of quality and quantity which could promote the frequency of fattening and appropriate marketing system should be developed so that farmers can benefit from their business. https://zenodo.org/record/13654 10.20372/nadre:13654 oai:zenodo.org:13654 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13653 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Beef cattle, feed resource, browse tree, beef cattle production, fattening system, marketing system BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION, MARKETING SYSTEM AND EVALUATING NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF SELECTED BROWSE SPECIES IN KERCHA DISTRICT WEST GUJI ZONE SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13668 2025-07-29T07:11:26Z user-003

GEBREWAHD AMHA (PhD) 2025-07-29 Major feed resources, their nutritive values, utilization practices, dry matter supply and maintenance requirement of the livestock were assessed across seasons and altitudes in Dedo Woreda of Jimma Zone, South-western Ethiopia. Study kebeles in the woreda were grouped depending on altitudes into upper, middle and lower. The household heads from each three kebele who had livestock was purposively selected then from those selected household heads a total of 127 (i.e. 42, 37,48 Upper (2684-2741masl) and Middle (2006- 2125masl) and Lower (1690-1746masl), respectively) were randomly selected. Data were collected using focus group discussion with key informants, semi-structured questionnaire and personal observations. Major feed samples were collected and their chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined. Annual quantity of feed in DM of all land system were calculated by multiplying size of the land use in hectare by its respective conversion factor set by (FAO 1984, 1987, MOA 2001). Feed demand was estimated by considering all data of livestock population and converting to Tropical Livestock Units (TLU). The feed balance for Woreda was estimated by subtracting the demand for maintenance requirement of the livestock population in the Woreda from the available feed DM. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 20 and Statistical Analysis System (SAS) version 9.1 was employed for data analysis. Crop residues, enset and banana, browse trees and shrubs and aftermath grazing were the major feed resources during the dry season, whereas, natural pasture, green pasture (maize thinning and chop and weeds) and crop residues were the major feed resources during the wet season. Most of the respondents practice crop residue feeding without any chemical or physical treatment and grazing system was tethering. Majority of respondent households (98.2%) feed indigenous browse fodder trees and shrubs and parts of enset and banana in fresh. A total of 890.2t/DM/year (53.5%) and 236,088 tonnes DM/year (63.0%) produced from different feed resources that supply for 6.4 and 7.6 months in sampled kebeles and in the whole woreda, respectively. The results of this investigation show that altitude and season had significant (P<0.05) effect on nutritional quality of major feed resources. In dry season fibres component (NDF, ADF, ADL and HC) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in crop residue with low CP, IVDMD, ME and DCP contents. Furthermore, browse trees (S.ellipticum and F.thonningii blume 13.4%, 14.7% and 15.3%, 14.3% in middle and lower altitudes, respectively) and enset leaf (13.5% in upper and 13.7% in middle altitudes) had significantly (P<0.05)higher CP and DCP contents. Whereas, in wet season feeds the fibres component (NDF, ADF, ADL and HC) found in the range of medium quality roughage similarly, the CP contents of most feeds also above minimum critical level (7.5%) and the highest CP content recorded in M.burweed legume (14.5%) in upper altitude. Based on the results, CP contents of most wet season feeds and browse fodder and enset leaf in dry season were above the critical level required for optimum rumen function and feed intake as a result, browse fodder and enset leaf can be used as protein supplements to improve the utilisation of poor-quality crop residue. Besides, interventions of efficiently and timely collection, storage properly, improving nutritive value of crop residue, improved forage development, hay making, efficiently utilization of indigenous browse tree and shrubs, enset and banana parts and non- conventional feeds are optioned as a way to overcome feed shortage. https://zenodo.org/record/13668 10.20372/nadre:13668 oai:zenodo.org:13668 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13667 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Livestock, feed resources, chemical composition, dry matter UTILIZATION PRACTICES AND NUTRITIVE VALUES OF LIVESTOCK FEED RESOURCES ACROSS SEASONS AND ALTITUDES IN JIMMA ZONE, SOUTHWEST OF ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13662 2025-07-29T07:08:40Z user-003

Dereje Andualem (Ph.D) 2025-07-29 The study was conducted in Goro dola district of Guji Zone of the Oromia National Regional State to evaluate nutritive value of identified major browse species their importance as feed for livestock. Identification and utilization of browse species were undertaken by group discussion with the help of pastoral indigenous knowledge. During the study period 21 browse species were identified, out of which the best seven (7) were selected by pastoralists to determine their leaf biomass yield, plant density, their chemical composition, in vitro gas production, CT and digestibility. Leaf of multipurpose browses trees were collected during the dry and rainy seasons for sample. Data analysis was done by using SAS (2008) version 9.0. Results reveal that significant difference (P<0.05) observed among species and seasons. Total (21) identified multipurpose browses plants were utilized for different purposes and multiple uses in study areas; these include for livestock feed, house and fence construction, medicinal value, shelter and shade, fruit and food, making household utensils and farm implements, cultural and religious and bee forage. A. goetzei was superior (436.97 kg DM/plant) while D. cinerea had the lowest yield 17.60 kg DM/plant in leaf biomass yield. Plant density (plant/ha) ranged from 82.99 (C. molle) to 12.50 (A. goetzei). The Ash content ranged from 10.04% DM (C. molle) to 4.70% DM (H. foliolosum). CP concentrations were ranged from 27.92% (Acacia goetzei) to 11.59% (P. capensis). The NDF content of the browse species ranged from 55.28% (T. brownie) to 38.65% (G. bicolor). The ADF content ranged from 30.45% (G. bicolor) to 12.76% (D. cinerea). The ADL record ranged from 21.43% (C. molle) to 2.64% (A. goetzei). The CT concentration ranged from 15.11% (A. goetzei) to 1.94% (H. foliolosum).Except the NDF and CT content, the chemical composition of the multipurpose tree species were influenced (P<0.05) by the season. The gas volume after 24hr and 48hr ranged from 13-42 ml/200mg and 19-60ml/200mg respectively. The rate of gas production ranged from 0.01-0.08hr-1 .The gas production from immediately soluble fraction (a) ranged from -2.4 to 6.08, from water insoluble but degradable (b) ranged from 30.38 – 124.96, from potential (a+b) ranged 35.21 – 131.04. The LT observed between 0 – 0.85hr. The OMD ranged 46.07-69.29%, ME ranged 4.80-8.07MJ/kg and SCFA ranged 0.37-0.94mmol/L. All selected browse species have high crude protein, ash, gas production, OMD, ME and SCFA contents. From species A. goetzei and H. foliolosum are the best in nutritive contents. Therefore selected browses species leaves from study area may have a high potential value for feed for livestock during dry season. Feeding trials using live animals should be done in order to fully ascertain the nutritional values of these browses. https://zenodo.org/record/13662 10.20372/nadre:13662 oai:zenodo.org:13662 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13661 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by In vitro, Multipurpose browse tree, Nutritive value, Guji rangelands NUTRITIVE VALUE AND IN-VITRO GAS PRODUCTION OF SELECTED MULTIPURPOSE BROWSE TREES IN GUJI RANGELANDS OF GORODOLA DISTRICT SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13650 2025-07-29T07:04:30Z user-003

DAGNACHEW TADESSE 2025-07-29 This study was conducted in Surro Barguda district of West Guji zone, Southern Oromiya; Ethiopia with the objective of evaluating of available browse trees species relevant to livestock feed resource, through determining the chemical composition, and nutritive value of browse tree species. Four peasant associations (PAs) were purposively selected from two agro-ecological zones of the study area. Identification, prioritization and traditional utilization of browse species were undertaken by group discussion with the help of indigenous knowledge of farmers. A total of 22 indigenous browser species were identified from mid and low land agro-ecological zones, respectively. Out of which six browser species were selected based on their relative palatability, preference by ruminant, multiple function, and ability to maintain greenness in dry season. The leaves of selected browse species were collected from each agro-ecology during wet and dry seasons for determination of chemical composition and invitro dry matter digestibility. Data analysis was done by using (SAS, 2002, Versin 9.00) software. Chemical analysis was done for Balanites aegyptica, Richiea albersi, Pappea capensi, Ficus vasta, Schrebera alata, and Olea europaea. Significant difference (P0.05) of mean value between agroecology but the only statically significant difference (p0.05) between Ficus vasta and Olea europaea. Generally, all selected species are qualified as good‐quality forage. Thus, Richea albersii and Balanate ageyptica were better to be used in both seasons and were ranked as best quality roughage. Therefore on the basis of CP and fibers, all selected species can serve as well ruminant diets especially, during dry season .Additional study to know the importance of those species and other associated factors should be identified. And strategies should be developed to encourage the people’s awareness about these quality browse trees adhering with their tradition and belief. https://zenodo.org/record/13650 10.20372/nadre:13650 oai:zenodo.org:13650 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13649 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Biomass, browse species, Chemical composition, Density, Nutritive value EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF BROWSE TREE SPECIES IN SURRO BARGUDA, WEST GUJI ZONE, OROMIYA, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13646 2025-07-29T07:02:54Z user-003

BISHAR IBRAHIM 2025-07-29 The study was done in selected three (3) Pastoral associations based on the level of infestation of Parthinum weeds such as (high, medium and low) in Liben district. Both the qualitative and quantitative data were gathered through structured questioner, focus group discussion, direct observation and measure effects of parthenium weed on aboveground herbaceous vegetation. Three long transects 1 km apart from each other and each containing 9 quadrats totally 27 quadrants (20m x 20m) and small sub-sample quadrants (1m x 1m) were laid and the samples were collected at 500m interval in the transect. Majority 77.5% of the respondents were male and majorly engaged on mixed livestock and crop production. High number of livestock were found in low infestation area and the Parthenium hysterophorus is distributed everywhere in the district at this time, however, the weed highly distributed in farm land. Water and Wind are the major agents for distribution and also Livestock movement and human factors are also important agents for the distribution. P hysterophorus is an annual weed its infestation greatly differs from season to season, mostly dominate on summer and some are in winter. Overgrazing was the major factor which was aggravates weed infestation, the weed is highly compete with other vegetation for resources and reduce the composition of other species. The weed changes Milk taste and reduces Milk fat. Diarrhoea was the major diseases caused by Parthenium weed in the district and cattle’s are majorly affected. Hand weeding and using Herbicides are the major way of controlling weed. Most of the valuable species essential for grazing animals have already disappeared due to the continued increase of the Parthenium weed and livestock selection pressure. High densities of P. hysterophorus were recorded in most land use types namely arable land, pasture land, road side and residential areas. https://zenodo.org/record/13646 10.20372/nadre:13646 oai:zenodo.org:13646 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13645 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Parthenium, range land, livestock, densities, species, vegetation EFFECT OF PARTHENIUM (Parthenium hysterophorus) WEED ON RANGE LAND PRODUCTIVITY AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN LIBEN DISTRICT OF GUJI ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13694 2025-07-29T07:24:34Z user-003

Zelalem Kassaye 2025-07-29 This research was carried out in Gede'o Zone, Dilla Zuriya district, SNNPR. Survey data was collected from 60 smallholder farmers in three different agro-ecologies who had enhanced forage production. A zigzag pattern was used to gather soil samples. The experiment was designed using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in a factorial arrangement. PH, number and length of leaves were all gathered from by taking 10 plants and NTPP was determined by taking three bunches selected from each plot. Nutritional analysis were determined by taking 500g sub sample harvested from randomly selected plots at 3 different stages and dried in an oven for 72 hours at 65o c. Forage samples were examined for dry matter and fresh biomass yield. The quantitative data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures using SAS/SPSS and the significance level was set at P <0.05.The qualitative data were subjected for descriptive statistics and the result was presented by using the frequency or percent. The DM supply of the district was 89.88%, with 10.12% being a deficit. The lack of different forage development strategies, the misuse of crop leftovers, and the scarcity of grazing lands are major constraints. The Soil PH value was at six (6), medium-textured soil and silt loam, with sand 40%, silt 53.3%, and clay 6.66%. The average plant height (PH) of Brachiaria hybrid (BH), Vicia dasycarpa (VD) and mixed BH of 1 st up to 3rd cutting stages were ranged from 54.86cm to 138.62cm, 114.48cm to 201.38cm, and 96.20cm to 138.62cm respectively. In mixed VD, there were more branches mean (10.49cm) than in pure stands (5.82 cm) and the highest PH was recorded from pure stand VD. On the 2nd cutting stage legume mixtures had the highest mean DMY (17.1ton/ha) compared to pure-stands (16.36 t/ha). However, pure stand VD came in first cutting (6.49 ton/ha). Fiber concentrations increased as the plant matured, However, as the cutting stage progressed, the CP content decreased from 14.16% to 8.52%, 22.96%to 15.91%,and the average content of ash of BH grass and VD declined from 10.12% to 7.23%, and 13.98% to 12.87%, respectively, as the cutting stage moved forward. Productions of legume mixtures and BH pure stands harvested at the 2nd cutting stages and VD harvested at the 1st cutting stage are more beneficial in terms of yield and may be recommended in the research region to alleviate the problem of livestock feed scarcity. https://zenodo.org/record/13694 10.20372/nadre:13694 oai:zenodo.org:13694 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13693 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Biomass yield, Chemical composition, Feed availability, Harvesting stage, Mixture, Productivity. Assessing Available Feed Resources and Evaluating Bio-mass Productivity and Chemical Composition of Brachiaria Hybrid Grass and Legume Mixture at Lowland Agro-Ecology of Dilla Zuria District in Gede'o Zone Southern Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13690 2025-07-29T07:20:45Z user-003

Tsegaye Eshetu (PhD) 2025-07-29 The study was conducted in Guji Zone at Blu Hora district with the objectives of identification of bee flora, Honey production and marketing value chain, in different agro -ecology of West Guji zone Bule Hora District.Six rural kebeles selected purposively from two agro ecologies (high land and mid land )and 90 beekeepers from each agro ecology a total of 180 Were selected for the household survey Semi-structured interviews and field observations were used as a main tool for data collection method. The qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed by using SPSS. Beekeeping is dominantly (88.33%) were practiced by male households. About 58.33 % of the interviewed households were literate). Three types of honeybee production practices were identified, namely: traditional, transitional and movable frame hive honeybee production practices. Majority 87.12% of bee hives owned by the beekeepers ware traditional hives, while the remaining 11.41 and 1.48% was movable frame and top bar bee hives respectively. The average productivity of traditional, transitional and movable frame beehives ware 8.49, 10.88 and 17.24 kg per year; respectively. The field survey has also indicated that 57 bee flora were identified of which 17.5% were herbs, 24.56% were shrubs and 58.89% were trees. 87.12% of the beekeepers were involved in traditional beekeeping practices. Based on the Beekeeper knowledge and field observation majorly flowering plants were identified among the plant species. Croton macrostachyus and Vernonia species are widely distribute honey bee plants in the District. Majority Honey bee forage plants were flowered in September to November while others flowered in March to May. The major honey value chain actors in the study area were local collectors (wholesalers) and final consumers of the product. From identified honey marketing channels (producer- collectors – retailers consumer) was the major share of honey goes to marketing. Therefore, the results suggest that beekeeping development efforts should be focused primarily in mid land area and secondarily in high land part of the district. Practical oriented training on improved beekeeping practices should be given for the farmers and development agents to curve management, beekeepers should manage honeybee colonies following phonological pattern of honeybee plants, Preparation of pollen reference material is also recommended to identify the unknown bee plants species in study area and provision of appropriate training and formation of beekeeper unions and cooperatives to address problems and strengthening linkage/interaction among honey value chain actors, and supportive institutions. https://zenodo.org/record/13690 10.20372/nadre:13690 oai:zenodo.org:13690 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13689 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Honey production, bee flora, agro ecology, marketing, value chain IDENTIFICATION OF BEE FLORA, HONEY PRODUCTION AND MARKETING VALUE CHAIN IN DIFFERENT AGRO –ECOLOGY OF BULE HORA DISTRICT WEST GUJI ZONE info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13678 2025-07-29T07:16:16Z user-003

TIGABU BIRHANIE 2025-07-29 This study was conducted in Dilla town, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, to assess Feed Resources and Nutritional Quality in Urban and Peri-urban Dairy Production. Haroresa Keble was considered as a peri-urban, while Sesa and Odaya kebeles were considered as urban dairy production system. A Structured questionnaire, secondary data sources and field observations were employed to generate data. A total of 80 dairy farmers in which, 20 each,from Haroresa and Sesa, while 40 from Odaya were proportionally selected based on the total number of dairy farms available in the study area. Average cross breed herd size per farm was 9.03±1.07 and 7.88±1.51 in urban and peri-urban areas respectively. Thirteen major feed types used by dairy farms were identified in the area and categorized into five classes: Grazing natural pasture, cultivated green feeds, crop residues, agroindustrial by-products and non-conventional feeds. The result of the study indicated that green grass and concentrate were the main basal diets in the study area. The major source of water for Dilla town is tap water. Majority, of the house-holds, rely on tap water for livestock production. Other rivers like Legedara and Walleme are also the main source of water for animals. Percent water sources showed that (81.67%) tap water, (15.84 %) Borehole/well and 2.5%) was a river. The watering frequencey was three times 44.17%), and some producers gave only once (5.84%). About 62.50 % of the surveyed households claim that no shortages of water and have access to water throughout the year and acess water twice aday. The dry matter (DM) content of feeds varied from 69.45% in the Atella to 93.8 % in Wheat bran. The crude protein (CP) content of feeds was 7.01% and 12.4% for grass and green maize forage respectively. The mean DM content of industrial by-products and commercial concentrate mixture were 89.48±1.5% to 93.80±1.5%( p>0.05), this was significant. The crude protein content of industrial by-products and commercial concentrate mixture were 5.9±0.8%, 15.8±0.8 and 16.9±0.8%( p<0.05) for Maize bran, Commercial concentrate mix and Wheat bran, respectively. It was highly significant. Laboratory analysis of major feed resources indicated that green feeds had ash contents of 8.25±0.58% and10±0.58 % in Grass and Maize forage respectively. About 87.1 %( Wheat bran: 77(96.3 %), maize bran: 74(92.5%), commercial concentrate mix 58(72.5 %) of farms use concentrate feeds as a major feed source. But, from the current study it was concluded that the quality of available basal feeds was generally low then concentrate feed supplementation need with protein and energy rich feeds. https://zenodo.org/record/13678 10.20372/nadre:13678 oai:zenodo.org:13678 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13677 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Dairy Production, Feed resource, Nutritional quality, Prei- urban, Urban DAIRY FEED RESOURCES AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY IN URBAN AND PERI-URBAN DAIRY PRODUCTION IN DILLA, GEDEO ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13686 2025-07-29T07:19:24Z user-003

YAYO ADANE 2025-07-29 A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in the abattoir to study the prevalence of Cysticercus bovis in cattle, originated from different localities which were conducted from January, 2018 to April 2018 on bovine cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered at Ejere(01 &2) abattoirs in north Shoa zone of Oromia Regional State with the aim of deterring prevalence and risk factor of cysticercus c.bovies and assessment of the financial losses associated with treatment of taeniasis and community knowledge about meat-borne zoonosis. Routine meat inspection method and questionnaire survey on purposively selected respondents in the study areas were used. Out of 384 animals, carcasses examined during the study period in two abattoirs 11.2 % (43/384) were infected with C. bovis. From the examined animals 12(3.1%), 10(2.6%), 9(2.3%), 7(1.8%) and 5(6.5%) contained cyst in their tongue, diaphragm mucles, heart muscles, livers and masseter muscles were observed, respectively. The questionnaire survey revealed that T. saginata/taeniosis is a wide spread problem in Abote, Degem, Kuyu and their surrounding rural areas. Out of 150 respondents of different age group 1.3, 6.7, 17.3, 39.3, 35.3% prevalence had contracted T. saginata was found as potential risk factors of taeniosis. The present study indicates that cysticercosis is a potential disease for public health in the study areas. Therefore, to overcome the problem it should demand professional intervention and community-based control programs. https://zenodo.org/record/13686 10.20372/nadre:13686 oai:zenodo.org:13686 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13685 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Bovine, Cysticercosis, Diaphragm, Ejere, Vulnerability, Zoonosis PREVALENCE AND RISK OF CYSTICERCUS BOVIES AND ASSESSMENT OF THE FINANCIAL LOSSES ASSOCIATED WITH TREATMENT OF TAENIASIS IN HIDEBU ABOTE ABATTOIRS, NORTH SHOA ZONE, OROMIYA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13674 2025-07-29T07:14:27Z user-003

TEMESGEN CHEKOL 2025-07-29 Growth performance and carcass characteristic of cobb 500 broiler chickens fed on brewer’s dried grain (BDG) was investigated. The BDG was purchased from Awassa brewery factory. Five experimental treatments, T1 (the control), T2, T3, T4 and T5 were mixed to contain 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of BDG, respectively as a replacement for concentrated feed of T1. After 2 weeks of brooding period, 150 unsexed chicks were weighed and randomly allocated to the dietary treatments with three replicates of 10 chickens each. Feed given to chicken by weighed but water supply was ad-libitum. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks, during which feed intake and body weight were measured on daily and weekly basis, respectively. Daily body weight gain (DBWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. At the end of the experiment, two chickens (cockerel and pullet) per replicate of each treatment were randomly selected, fastened overnight, weighed and slaughtered for measurement of carcass parameters. Higher (p0.05) difference was observed in ether extract retention in all treatments. The results of the present study revealed that inclusion of brewer’s dried grain up to 20 % in broiler diet could be an alternative feeding strategy by substituting concentrated feed. https://zenodo.org/record/13674 10.20372/nadre:13674 oai:zenodo.org:13674 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13673 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by brewer's dried grain, broiler chicken, carcass, growth Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristic of Cobb-500 Broiler Chicken Fed on Brewer's Dried Grain at Dilla University Chicken Farm info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13692 2025-07-29T07:22:31Z user-003

YENENESH MINDAYE 2025-07-29 The study was conducted to evaluate camel milk production, handling and utilization in four PAs of Yabello district, Borena zone, with the objectives of assessing the camel milk production its chemical composition and microbial quality. A survey on camel milk production, processing, utilization and chemical analysis of raw camel milk was conducted to evaluate chemical composition, including pH, fat, protein, lactose, total solids and ash, as well as microbial quality such as Total Aerobic Flora (TAF), Coliform Count (CC) and Yeast. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA procedure of SAS V.9 was utilized to analyze the relationship that existed between various factors. A total of 120 pastoralists were interviewed to collect the required information using a semi-structured questionnaire and focused group discussions. Overall average physicochemical composition Lactose, Protein, Fat, SNF, Ash, TS and pH were; 4.85, 3.19, 3.36, 8.85, 0.73, 11.89 and 6.70, respectively. Microbial quality of sampled camel milk of the study sites 234.89, 165.67 and 25.89, respectively for TAF, CC and Yeast, respectively. The result for both physicochemical and Microbial quality were not statistically significant (p>0.05) across the studied pastoral associations except pH (p<0.05). However, extension service and financial support should be given to strengthening the sector in the area. Further detailed study regarding microbial quality as well as chemical composition is desirable. https://zenodo.org/record/13692 10.20372/nadre:13692 oai:zenodo.org:13692 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13691 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Camel Milk, chemical composition, and Microbial quality CAMEL MILK PRODUCTION, HANDILING UTILIZATION AND QUALITY IN YABELLO DISTRCT BORENA ZONE OROMIA, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13698 2025-07-29T07:27:29Z user-003

ABEJE ABREHA 2025-07-29 Banana is becoming an important tropical fruit in Ethiopia, however, its production and quality is highly affected by pre and postharvest factors. The current research was conducted at Arba Minch area of Cnano Mile nursery and Training Center to evaluate the Effect of pre harvest bunch covering materials on yield and quality of banana. Four types of bunch cover bags (blue polyethylene, green polyethylene, white polyethylene and gunny bag) along with control (no cover) were tested on two banana cultivars (Grand Naine and Williams) in the already established orchard. ninety banana plants that have the same flowering stage were taken from both cultivar and the experiment was organized using ten treatments in three replication, in which one treatment accommodated 3 plants, using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD).The selected banana plant bunches were covered at the stage when fruits starting curled up and floral ruminant’s start to drying in which the time 2-3 weeks after flowering (opening the first hand). At the time of physiological maturity bunches were harvested and randomly taken one bunch from each treatment and totally 30 bunches for data collection. Physically measurable data on fruit yield character and quality parameter as visual appearance was measured at the time of harvesting; while post harvest quality parameters were recorded after samples ripened. Significantly (p < 0.05) minimum days (108.2 days) were recorded in Williams cultivar compared to (114.2 days) in Grand Naine cultivar from flowering to physiological maturity. Covered bunches showed v5ery highly significant (p < 0.001) variation exhibiting minimum fruit bruises and existence of dirties in comparison to bunches without covers. The highest (160.75 g) fruit weight were recorded from blue polyethylene bag showing very highly significant (p < 0.001) difference (134.83g) from no covered bunches. Maximum fruit length (18.42 cm) from blue cover and minimum fruit length (15.58 cm) from bunches covered by gunny bag and control was recorded. The highest (11.5 cm) and the lowest (9.83 cm) fruit girth was recorded from bunches covered by blue and control, respectively. Similarly, highest (18.92 kg) and lowest (15.83 kg) bunch weight were observed in bunches covered by blue polyethylene bag and control, respectively. The productivity was ranged between 31.53 tone/ha and 26.67 ton/ha and 26.79 ton/ha, with highest value recorded from bunches covered by blue, and the lowest value observed from gunny bag and control in respective order. Highest (2.68) Pulp to peel ratio was recorded from blue covered fruits and the lowest (2.26) recorded from gunny bag covered fruits. Highest (22.33) and the lowest (18.5) TSS was recorded from blue and control respectively. Grand Naine cultivar recorded significantly (p0.05)influenced. Yield parameters of fruit height, girth, weight, bunch weight, productivity and quality parameters of pulp to peel ratio and TSS were positively influenced bunch cover types. Among the cover types tested in this experiment the blue one was found to be the superior of others depending on all the influenced parameters. https://zenodo.org/record/13698 10.20372/nadre:13698 oai:zenodo.org:13698 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13697 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Bunch cover, banana quality, Banana yield, Grand Naine, Williams EFFECT OF PRE-HARVEST BUNCH COVERING MATERIALS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF BANANA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13702 2025-07-29T07:29:01Z user-003

ACHENEF TIGABU (PhD 2025-07-29 A field experiment was conducted to evaluate different varieties of hot pepper at different intra row spacing for growth, yield and yield components. The study was conducted from April, 2017, to November, 2018, at Abeshge Woreda farmer field under rain feed condition using four hot pepper varieties; Marekofana (V1), Melkaawaze (V2), Melkazala (V3), and local (V4) and four intra row spacing 60×20cm (S1), 60×30 cm (S2), 60×40cm (S3), 60×50cm (S4), and 60×40 cm as a control to evaluate and select varieties) with best growth, dry pod yield, and yield components among the tested four varieties of hot pepper tested under different intra row spacing thereby to give recommendation about the best performing and high yielding variety as well as intra row spacing for the study area. The experiment was conducted using two factors (Variety and Spacing) laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) arrangement with three replications. The result of the study showed that, all parametric was significant (p≤0.05) except days to flowering, maturity, and unmarketable yield. The maximum pod number per plant, maximum marketable yield, total yield, total dry biomass, and harvest index was recorded from Melkaawaze, while the shortest days to flowering and maturity, the shortest plant, and the widest pod was recorded from local The longest days to maturity and flowering, the shortest plant height and the widest canopy, the highest leave, branch, and pod number per plant was recorded from the wider intra row spacing 60×50cm,and 60×40cm,while the maximum unmarketable and total yield, maximum total dry biomass, and maximum harvest index was recorded from the narrower 60×20cm plant spacing. The shortest days to flowering and maturity were recorded from Local × (60×20cm) and the shortest plant was also recorded from (Local) × (60×50 cm). The highest leave, branch and pod number per plant was also recorded from (Melkaawaze) × (60×50), the widest canopy spread also recorded from this treatment. The maximum unmarketable, total yield, and harvest index was recorded from (Melkaawaze)× (60×20cm).The maximum marketable yield was recorded by the combined effects of (Melkaawaze)× (60×30cm). According to the partial budget analysis and other growth and yield parameter results (Melkaawaze) found to be the best variety for the study area followed by Marekofana, and the best spacing was (60×30cm) followed by (60×20cm). (Melkaawaze)× (60×30cm) was found to be the best treatment combination for marketable yield, while the best total yield was obtained from (Melkaawaze)× (60×20cm).Using total net benefit and benefit cost ratio (Melkaawaze)× (60×30cm) records the highest of all treatment followed by (Marekofana)× (60×30cm).Since the present study was done only for one season and at single location it is advisable to repeat the experiment at different locations using different entries of hot pepper and intra row spacing in order to arrive at a sound conclusion https://zenodo.org/record/13702 10.20372/nadre:13702 oai:zenodo.org:13702 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13701 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Varieties, intra row Spacing, and interaction, phonology, Dry pod yield and yield components EFFECT OF VARIETIES AND INTRA-ROW SPACING ON HOT PEPPER (Capsicum annum L) AT GURAGE ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13704 2025-07-29T07:30:57Z user-003

Ashenafi Hirbe 2025-07-29 A filed experiment was conducted to study the Effect of Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rate and Time of Application on Growth, yield component and yield of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam), cv kabodein Dilla university at 2020/21GC.Orange fleshed Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) kabode is a food security crops andcheapest source of β-carotene which is a precursor of Vitamin A deficiency is a serious public health problem in Ethiopia. However, its productivity and quality is very low due to low soil fertility, lack of information on type, rate and time application of fertilizers which have been recognized in most parts of Ethiopian particularly at study areaGedeo zone. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate combined effect of three different rates of NPSB fertilizer (0,100, and 150 kg ha-1 ) and five different Time interval for fertilizer application (1,15,30,45,and 60 days after planting).The experimental design was laid out inRandomization complete block design on factorial arrangement with three replications. Data on growth parameter, and yield were collected and subjected to analysisof variances. Results revealed that, the interaction effect of time interval and rates of application of NPSB fertilizer were highly significantly influenced the leaf area,number of leaf per plant, specific leaf area, vein length, total storage root dry mater, above ground biomass,storage root yield per hectare,vine dry matter, leaf dry matter(P<0.01). NPSB fertilizer rate (150kg ha-1 )at15 Days of application out score in marketable storage root yield (63.20 tonha-1 ) compared to the other treatments. Similarlymaximum root dry matter(29.43%) accumulation was also recorded from 150kg ha-1 at 15 Days of application.From the result NPSB blended fertilize at appropriate rate and time of applicationis crucialto improve yield and dry matter accumulation. The current study indicates that application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB at15 Days of application fertilizerprovide maximum root yield and dry matter production https://zenodo.org/record/13704 10.20372/nadre:13704 oai:zenodo.org:13704 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13703 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Blended fertilizer, rate of application, sweet potato, tuber yield, Dry matter EFFECT OF BLENDED NPSB FERTILIZER RATE AND TIME OF APPLICATION ON GROWTH, YIELD COMPONENT AND YIELD OF ORANGE FLESHEDSWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam, cv kabode info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13710 2025-07-29T07:32:30Z user-003

BERHANESH ABEBE 2025-07-29 The productivity of onion crop is low due to poor agronomic and management practices in Humbo Woreda, Ampo Koysha Kebele. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Ampo Koysha Kebele during the cropping season of 2018/2019 to evaluate the effect of intra-row spacing and nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth and yield of onion. The treatments consisted of a combination of Four levels of intra-row spacing (5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 cm) and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer, (0 , 23, 46 and 69 kg ha-1 ) which was laid out in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. All growth and yield attributes were significantly affected by intra-row spacing and nitrogen fertilizer. The result showed that intra-row spacing and nitrogen fertilizer rates were highly significant (P<0.01) on days to maturity, plant height, leaf number, bulb diameter and dry matter yield. The tallest plant height (51.08 cm) and number of leaves per plant (9.78) were recorded from the wider spacing of 12.5 cm while the shortest plant height (45.48 cm) and number of leaves per plant (8.39) were recorded from the narrow spacing of 5 cm. Among the nitrogen rates tallest plant height (51.38 cm), number of leaves per plant (9.93) were recorded at 69 kg ha-1 , whereas the shortest plant height (44.66 cm) and number of leaves per plant (8.18) was recorded with the application of 0 kg N ha-1 . The interaction effect between intra-row spacing and nitrogen fertilizer rates was highly significant (P<0.01) on average bulb weight, marketable bulb yield, unmarketable bulb yield and total bulb yield. Marketable bulb yield and total bulb yield increased at higher plant population and increased nitrogen level. Thus using combination of nitrogen level of 69 kg ha-1 and 5 cm intra-row spacing was the best to get maximum marketable yield (30.58 t ha-1 ) and total bulb yield (31.92 t ha-1 ). In addition the highest net benefit 421,145 Birr was also obtained from this combination. However as the experiment was done for only one season and single location it has to be repeated by seasons and locations with consideration of additional varieties and soil type to make comprehensive conclusion and recommendation. https://zenodo.org/record/13710 10.20372/nadre:13710 oai:zenodo.org:13710 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13709 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Intra-row spacing, marketable yield, nitrogen, onion, unmarketable yield EFFECTS OF INTRA-ROW SPACING AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER LEVELS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.) AT HUMBO WOREDA, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13730 2025-07-29T07:49:05Z user-003

Anteneh Bussa 2025-07-29 Ethiopian forest cover is rapidly declining while the demand for forest products is continuously increasing. Agroforestry reduces pressure on the existing indigenous forests as it diversifies farm production and provides both subsistence and income through products such as timber, fuel wood and fodder, thus farmers preferred to have practices agroforestry as a means of diversifying household income for food security and self sufficiency in wood and wood products, therefore, This study has identified the Land Use/Land Cover Changes extent, socio economic factors and its influence on agroforestry expansion in maale woreda. For Land Use/Land Cover and its changing pattern analysis time series Landsat imagery data were employed and discussed. Landsat TM (1986), Landsat ETM (2000) and Landsat OLI (2019) were employed for locating training samples, for conventional classification, subsequent LULC change analysis and mapping. In addition to remotely sensed data, household’s survey data was also used to identify socio economic factors and its influence on agroforestry expansion. To determine the factors that influence the expansion level of agroforestry, multinomial logistic regression model was used. The Land Use/Land Cover Changes results show that agroforestry land has increased by 31% in 2019 compared with 1986. Over the last three decades it was increased by 464.7% of its base year total agroforestry land, which was mainly at the expense of shrub/wood land and grassland. Similarly agricultural land increased by 25% of the total study area through the study periods. On the other hand, grassland and shrub/wood land decreased from 5 % and 58% in 1986 to 2 % and 0% in 2019, respectively. On the other hand, forest cover showed increment from 28 % in the base year to 33 % in 2019. Household attributes such as age, educational level and lack of awareness are the constrained agroforestry practices. However, traditional believes and taboos, land size, sex and land tenures are enhancing agroforestry practices in the study area. It was also found out that most farmers were motivated to practices agroforestry because of the multiple benefits local peoples optioned by planting trees and shrubs in and around their farms. Changes in land use/land cover in the study area were growing population pressure, fragmentation of land, declining of crop productivity and rising cost of fuel wood and poles. Inaddtionto, the current household family size and its annual crop production are not proportional, these can be changed only by diversifying and improving the amount of production by the existing agroforestry practice and farming practice and increasing household income through better land management and introducing family planning through education. https://zenodo.org/record/13730 10.20372/nadre:13730 oai:zenodo.org:13730 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13729 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by challenges and opportunities, Agroforestry expansion, Land use/land cover change; Socio-economic Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Socio-economic Factors Influencing Agroforestry Expansion in Maale Woreda, Southern Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13732 2025-07-29T07:50:28Z user-003

ENGIDA MICHO 2025-07-29 Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of major tuber crops grown at Geder Kebel in South Ari District, SNNPRS Ethiopia. Low soil fertility is one of the major factors responsible for reduced crop yields. The soil in the study area is poor in most of the major available nutrients due to long history of continuous farming without replenishment the removed nutrients. Nitrogen (N) and (NPSB) blended fertilizers are increasingly being favoured as inorganic fertilizer used to increase crop productivity however there is specific study which recommends the rate of these fertilizers to the study area. Therefore a field experiment was conducted from July to November 2018 at Geder Kebel in South Ari District, during the rainy season to evaluate the response of potatoes to nitrogen (N) and (NPSB) blended fertilizers application levels on growth, yield components, and yield, as well as to identify economically feasible rates of these fertilizers. Four rates of N (0, 46, 69 and 92 kg ha-1 ) and NPSB (0, 100, 150, and 250 kg ha-1 ) fertilizer were used in a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times. Results of the study revealed that application of N and NPSB fertilizer rate significantly (P≤ 0.05) influenced on growth and yield. Application of N from 0 to 92 kg ha-1 prolonged the time of flowering from 53.75 to 60.16, as well as the days to maturity from 109.58 to 114.50. On the other hand NPSB with rate of 0 to 250 kg NPSB ha-1 prolonged the days to flowering as well as days to maturity from and 53.75 to 59.83 days, and 109.41 to 113.80 days, respectively. An average tuber yield per hill of 699.3g to 833.3g was recorded with the application of 0 to 92 kg N ha-1 . Application of NPSB with the rate of 0 to 250 kg ha-1 provided 667.0 to 879g per hill. Application 0 to 92 kg N ha1 was recorded marketable tuber yield of 302.76 to 377.2 q ha-1 and total tuber yields of322.3 to385.7 q ha-1 . Similarly, marketable yield of 289.8 to 395.73 and total tuber yield of 307.5 to 407.5 q ha-1 were been obtained with the application of NPSB from 0 and 250 kg NPSB ha-1 . The partial budget showed that, the highest MRR (1278%) with a net benefit of 177000 ETB was recorded at 69 kg N ha-1 combined with 250 kg NPSB ha-1 fertilizer rates are recommended for economical and profitable production of potato to the study area. However, since this work limited to one season and location, further study should be done with respect to more seasons and locations to establish the conclusive recommendations to the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/13732 10.20372/nadre:13732 oai:zenodo.org:13732 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13731 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Growth, Nitrogen, NPSB, Yield, and Yield parameters EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND NPSB (BLENDED) FERTILIZER LEVEL ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF IRISH POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) AT GEDER KEBEL IN SOUTH ARI DISTRICT, SNNPRS ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13722 2025-07-29T07:41:58Z user-003

SHETAYE DEDA 2025-07-29 Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important tuber crops produced in Ethiopia. However, production and productivity of the crop is far below the world average due to poor crop agronomic practices and declining of soil fertility. Therefore the experiment was conducted to study the effect of Phosphorus (P) and intra-row spacing on growth, yield and yield components of potato. Treatments consisted of four levels of P (0, 45, 90 and 135 kg P ha-1 ) and three levels of plant intra-row spacing (20, 30 and 40cm) laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a 3x4 factorial arrangement with three replications. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters. The results shown that the interaction of P application and intra-row spacing significantly influenced plant height, main stem number, leaf number, leaf area index, total tuber yield, and starch content. Whereas, the days to 50% emergence, days to 50% flowering, days to physiological maturity, marketable tuber yield, unmarketable tuber yield, average tuber weight, and specific gravity was not significantly affected by interaction of P application and intra-row spacing. The analysis of variance showed that the main effect of P and intra row spacing was significantly affected of days to physiological maturity, plant height, leaf number, leaf area index, marketable and unmarketable and total yield and starch content; but not significantly affected of days to 50% emergency and specific gravity. The highest plant height (57.4cm) was recorded from the combination of 30 cm intra-row spacing and 90 kg ha-1 . While the lowest plant height (36 cm) was recorded from the combination of control treatment and 20 cm intra-row spacing. Application of P at the rate of 90 kg/ha with 40 cm intra row spacing resulted in maximum stem number (4.93); whereas the minimum stem number (2.73) was recorded for P control treatment with intra row spacing 20cm Increasing applied P from zero to 135 kg P ha-1 delayed days to 75 % maturity from 93.66 to 100.56. Application of P at the rate of 90kg/ha resulted in significantly higher marketable tuber yield (21.21 t/ha); whereas the minimum marketable tuber yield (12.44 t/ha) weight was recorded from control treatment. The maximum marketable tuber yield (21.85 t/ha) was observed from intra row spacing level 30cm; whereas, minimum marketable tuber yield weight (12.18 t/ha) was recorded from intra-row spacing of 20cm. The maximum total tuber yield (45.7 t/ha) was observed from phosphorus 90kg/ha combined with 30cm intra-row spacing. Whereas, minimum total tuber yield (16.25t/ha) was recorded from control treatment with 30cm intra-row spacing. Application of phosphorus fertilizer at 90 kg/ha combined with 30 cm intra-row spacing can preferably be used as the most appropriate potato management practices in the study area. However, in order to give comprehensive recommendation the study should be re confirmed over the year and location. https://zenodo.org/record/13722 10.20372/nadre:13722 oai:zenodo.org:13722 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13721 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Intra-row spacing; Phosphorus; Tuber; Yield, Yield component EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS AND INTRA ROW SPACING ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENT OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) AT HOLETTA, WEST OROMIA REGION OF ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13726 2025-07-29T07:45:02Z user-003

TOLA ABE 2025-07-29 Coffee is one of the most economically important crop in Ethiopia and elsewhere in the world due to its high capital exchange in global market. However, its growth and performance is mainly affected by abiotic and biotic factors including light. Light is one of an important climatic factor that affect the growth and physiological performance of different crops. However, the sensitivity to light quality, intensity and duration as well as agro ecology vary between plant varieties. Consequently, the response of coffee to Solar UV-B radiation at different agro ecology is not well addressed. In line with this a field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 at three location; 1434masl (Dilla), 1862masl (Yirgachaffe) and 2149masl (Tumticha)using four improved coffee seedling varieties (971, 974, 85257 and 1377 of eight month age. The seedlings were allowed to grow under solar UV-B blocking plastic (Solar EVA-5 High diffuse opaque film with 0.20mm thick Rovero plastic (krabbescheer-6 4941 VW Raamsdonksveer, Netherlands)) and open field condition. The treatments were arranged in 4×3x2 factorial combinations using RCBD design and replicated three times. Results of the experiment indicated that altitudes significantly influences all of the parameters measured except specific leaf area and primary branch girth which were not significantly influenced by all the three factors. Similarly, the interaction effect of variety by altitude significantly affects most of the parameters except specific leaf area, number of primary branch and primary branch girth. On the other hand physiological traits like photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and vapor pressure deficit of coffee leaf were affected by UV-B radiation. Generally, most of the parameters considered in the study were significantly affected by the interaction effect of variety by altitudes; and altitudes by UV-B radiation. From the growth and physiological parameters considered in this study indicate that different coffee varieties have different reaction to solar UV-B radiation over different altitudinal levels. However, to reach at conclusive recommendation the experiment need to be repeated at multi location with more coffee varieties. https://zenodo.org/record/13726 10.20372/nadre:13726 oai:zenodo.org:13726 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13725 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Altitudinal variation, Coffee, Coffee varieties, physiology, Solar UV-B Radiation GROWTH, MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF YOUNG COFFEE (Coffea arabica L) SEEDLING VARIETIES TO SOLAR UV-B RADIATION AT DIFFERENT ALTITUDES OF GEDEO ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13720 2025-07-29T07:40:33Z user-003

NIGUSU DEBEBE 2025-07-29 Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of major crops grown in Bule district, Southern Ethiopia. The soil in the area is poor in most of the available nutrients due to intensive soil erosion and soil acidity. Thus, soil and crop test-based fertilizer rate recommendations should be used in the area for sustainable crop production to enhance food production and household food security. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during the main cropping season from June to October 2018 to evaluate the effect of lime and potassium fertilizer on yield and yield components of potato. The treatments were consisted of a combination of four level of lime (0, 2.1, 4.2 and 6.3t/ha) and four level of potassium (0, 75, 150 and 225kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. An available improved potato variety called Gudenie was used for the experiment. Analysis of variance revealed that both lime and potassium had significant effect on days to flowering. Days to flowering was earlier (66 days) in plots applied with 4.2 t/ha lime. Days to maturity was delayed by 3 days with the application of 75kg K/ha. The main effect of Potassium had significant effect on plant height and leaf area index. The highest plant height (72.67cm) was recorded with the application of 225 kg K/ha. Higher leaf area index (3.87) was recorded at the application of 225kg K/ha. Lime and potassium had significant effect on large size tuber, medium size tuber, average tuber weight, marketable yield, and total tuber yield. The large size tuber (11.03 t/ha) and medium size tuber (23.4 t/ha) was recorded at the application of 225 and 150 kg K/ha, respectively as a result 177% and 71 % were recorded compared with control treatments. With application of 150 kg K/ha a higher marketable yield (39.99 t/ha) and tuber yield (44.03 t/ha) was recorded; which was increased by 75.4% and 65%, respectively. The application of 0 t lime +150kg K/ha and 2.1 t lime/ha potassium and lime rate gave the maximum economic benefit (Birr 213,819 / ha, and 206,005.5 /ha ) with marginal rate of return (2065 % and 1091 % ) respectively. Therefore, plots received 0 +150kg k/ha and 2.1tlime/ha +150kg K/ha rates recommended for potato production in the study area. However, as the results are limited to one season, further study should be done over more season and location to establish the scientific recommendation using different varieties so as to improve the production and productivity of potato in the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/13720 10.20372/nadre:13720 oai:zenodo.org:13720 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13719 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Lime, Potassium, Potato and Soil acidity Response of Irish Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to Lime and Potassium Application rate in Acidic Soil at Bule wereda, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13724 2025-07-29T07:43:37Z user-003

TILAHUN CHAFAMO 2025-07-29 The avocado tree (Persea americana Mill.)Is a fruit tree native to Mexico classified in to the flowering plants family Lauraceous, along with cinnamon, camphor and bay laurel. It is known in having high nutritive value containing: monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), dietary fiber, essential nutrients and phytochemicals. However, productivity is reduced due to biotic and abiotic factors. Salt stresses are one of the most important a biotic factors that adversely affect avocado productivity. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the growth response of clonal and seedling root stock under different salinity levels. For these clonal root stock and seedling root stock of Guatemalan race was used. The experiments were laid down in randomized complete design with four salt stress treatments (control, 1.3ds/m,2.6ds/m and 3.9ds/m)in three replication. The results revealed that most of the morphological growth parameters for clonal rootstocks were significantly affected by salt stress level. The result showed that root stock diameter, the highest stem greenness, and sucker development significantly decreased with the increase of salt concentrations on seedling rootstock similarly showed that significant variation for most of the morphological parameters considered under this study. Accordingly, the tallest leaf length, the highest bud number, the highest leaf fresh and dry weight, the widest leaf area, maximum total fresh and dry weight, shoot height, number of plants, tap root length and lateral root length significantly decreased with the increase of salt concentrations. Similarly, physiological parameters highest photosynthetic rate, the transpiration rate, the stomata conductance and the maximum instantaneous water use efficiency were maximum from seedlings grafted on seedling rootstock treated with control and 1.3ds/m salinity. Overall results indicate that high salinity condition was not suitable for avocado plant. However, this is a one season experiment that may need further verification. This is therefore further studies that are replicated at least over seasons are needed to get reliable information and to give conclusive recommendation. https://zenodo.org/record/13724 10.20372/nadre:13724 oai:zenodo.org:13724 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13723 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Clonal rootstocks, salinity, grafting, leaf area, stomata number RESPONSE OF CLONAL AND SEEDLING ROOTSTOCK OF AVOCADO (Persea americana) TO DIFFERENT LEVEL OF SALINITY AT DARA WOREDA SIDAMA REGION info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13712 2025-07-29T07:38:57Z user-003

DESALEGN AYALEW 2025-07-28 The purpose of the research was to do a comparative analysis of the media framing of the 3rd round filling of GERD by the Ethiopian Herald and Ahram online newspaper. The researcher has used the stories published from August 1st to September 1st of 2022 in both media outlets. For this study, three theoretical frameworks, namely framing theory, agenda setting theory, and the peace journalism approach, were used. 10 news stories from each media outlets have been selected. Textual analysis was the tool employed for data gathering. The findings of the study revealed that Ahram Online has dominantly utilized historical rights and conflict frames during the study period. The dominant frames communicated during the study period by the Ethiopian Herald were the natural rights frame, the development frame, the exclusion frame, and the mutual benefit frame. The findings of the study revealed that both media outlets have utilized a war-oriented approach during the study period, though the degree varies. The two media outlets reports regarding the two countries diplomatic relationship were undervalued. The phrases and words that have been utilized by both media outlets were undiplomatic. Based on the analysis, the researcher strongly recommends that building stories or media reports from a peace perspective so as to encourage peace initiatives and undervaluing the violent response to the conflict will be the cure to the ongoing dispute over GERD. It is also recommended that it would be excellent if the issue of GERD is closely monitored by the relevant bodies in the respective countries in order to eliminate any conflicts that may occur as a result of the media's unfavorable role. https://zenodo.org/record/13712 10.20372/nadre:13712 oai:zenodo.org:13712 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13711 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by GERD, third round filling of reservoir, Nile River, Ethiopia, Egypt, Framing, Peace Journalism, media diplomacy MEDIA FRAMING OF THE 3RD ROUND FILLING OF GERD: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AHRAM ONLINE AND ETHIOPIAN HERALD NEWSPAPER info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13742 2025-07-29T07:59:54Z user-003

Yoseph Maru 2025-07-29 Indigenous knowledge (IK) plays a significant role in protecting biophysical environments, cultural values and maintain health of ecosystems. It has form the basis for community level decision making in the areas of biodiversity conservation, climate change and more important to harnesses farming sustainability. The objectives of the study were to determine and evaluate the relevance of indigenous ecological knowledge systems in enhancing biodiversity, carbon stocks, and cultural values in Gedeo community, Southern Ethiopia. The research applied a multi-method approaches. This approach facilitated the collection of both quantitative and qualitative types of ecological and anthropological data. Six major data collection methods (including participant observation, interviews, transact walk, FDG, HHS and woody species inventories were used). Data obtained from interviews were analyzed using thematic or content analysis, while the quantitative data gathered from biodiversity inventories were assessed and computed using (SPSS). Above and below ground of living biomass was calculated by using non-destructive allometric equations developed for application in pantropical forests. The results are presented and discussed in five key thematic areas based on the specific focusing objectives. The main findings are summarized as follows: 1. Indigenous knowledge (IK) practices have been playing a significant role in conservation of environments, enhancing soil fertility and improving rural livelihoods in the study area. The use of totemic beliefs, protection of sacred places, and conservation of indigenous trees by prohibition systems are well practiced and informal increasing environmental protections.Baabboo and laaggoo systems are locally adapted and environmentally friendly indigenous mechanism of tree conservation.”Baabboo” is traditionally well entrenched approaches of retaining and preserving native trees in the farms for various ecological as well as economic purposes. It is traditionally representing in-situ conservation by integrating multipurpose trees with perennial crops (enset and coffee). Whereas, laaggo is indigenous mechanism of tree preservation for ritual purposes in traditionally protected sites (such as graveyards, riverside, roadside, sacred forests and song sites). Traditional taboos, seera, norms, worldviews and ethics's have prohibiting cutting trees from ritual sites and injuring the sacred sites by local people. 2. Traditional beliefs, taboos and norms (seera) associated with protection of sacred forests for cultural purposes exist in Gedeo community and they have an extraordinarily contribution in conservation of remnant forests, and native trees in sacred sites. Indigenous institutions, like “songo” plays a significant role in maintaining social co-existences with environments by enforcing local rules “seera” for sustainable environmental conservation and climate change mitigation. The concept of “sacred” natural sites in Gedeo involves traditionally protected areas (such as sacred forests, songo ritual sites, totemic trees, graveyards, sacred grove [qarra], and spiritual dedicated places [bitta hunabba]. Cutting trees from graveyard, sacred forests, or felling totemic or songo trees “Dhadacha” are maintained by prohibition systems of spiritual dedication and highly frightened areas due to the sacredness. 3. Conservation of sacred forests is common practices and well entrenched culture in Gedeo community. Due to the social taboos, sacred forest or ritual sites have highest species diversity and well protected than non-sacred habitats. Sacred forests are locally called “Woyyicha raqqa” or small pocket of forests setting aside for religious purposes. The ecological comparison was conducted between sacred forest and nonsacred habitats of adjacent farming habitat and natural forest. For instance, the highest woody species richness (72) was recorded in amba sacred forest (ASF) followed by Hedene natural forest (HNF) (57) and adjacent farming habitat (42) (AFH). A total of 106 woody species belonging to 68 genera and 44 families were identified across the three habitats. The minimal disturbance index was measured for ASF due to the prohibition systems, social taboos and indigenous belief systems. With regards to conservation, current work shows that many rare and threatened woody species in adjacent non-sacred habitats found abundantly recorded or enumerated in sacred forest. 4. An ecological analysis and comparison also made across the three sacred sacred forests. Honestly speaking, apart from spiritual and cultural significance's, sacred forests were statistical deemed highest woody species biomass and carbon stocks than other compared non-sacred habitats. A total of 4216 woody species DBH ≥ 5 cm were recorded across the three sacred forests of Amba SF (ASF), Bolocho SF (BSF), and Ejjerissa SF (ESF). Statistically the highest stem density was recorded for BSF 1877 ha-1 (187±5) followed by ASF 1237 ha-1 (123±2.59) and ESF 1102 ha-1 (110±1.9). The an average DBH value for ASF, ESF, and BSF was 173 cm, 149 cm and 55 cm, respectively. Total woody species biomass (AGB+BGB) significantly higher for ASF (677Mg ha-1 ) followed by ESF (358 Mg ha-1 ) and BSF (270 Mg ha-1 ).The estimated biomass carbon (C) was 318.5 Mg C ha-1 for ASF, 168 Mg C ha-1 for ESF and 127 Mg C ha-1 for BSF. Total basal area of the stands significantly higher for ASF (104.9 m2 ha-1 ) followed by ESF (68.57 m2 ha-1 ) and BSF (51.61 m2 ha-1 ). 5. For centuries, farmers have sustainable indigenous farming systems and conserving natural resources by adopting IK. Particularly, indigenous farming practices guided by traditional farming calendar is characterized by organic productions with no chemical inputs, 'traditional cut and carry system', and inter-cropping practices which optimize the use of limited farm lands and enhancing biophysical environments without putting local environment into adverse and helping individual person to harnesses the unpleasant environments. Most commonly the farmers were used indigenous farming calendar guided by biological indicators like birds, sprouting of plants, seed maturation and annual cultural events to understand onset of cropping season, harvesting calendar and crop sowing season. Therefore, it is very clear that there is a need for protection of indigenous knowledge system to promote sustainable natural resource management to combat an adverse of climate change effects and to tackling forest degradation's. The custodians of indigenous knowledge should reward with incentive for sustainable conservation and protection of natural resources. Hence, it needs urge calls for an immediate attention for protections and documentation of indigenous knowledge systems and local practices. https://zenodo.org/record/13742 10.20372/nadre:13742 oai:zenodo.org:13742 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13741 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Indigenous ecological Knowledge systems, sacred forest, carbon stocks, biomass, songo institutions, baabboo systems, laaggoo systems, Gedeo community Indigenous Ecological Knowledge Systems as a Tool for Enhancing Biodiversity, Carbon Stocks, and Cultural Values: Experience from Gedeo community, Southern Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13736 2025-07-29T07:53:36Z user-003

Kedir Mohammed 2025-07-29 This study is conducted in Basketo District of southern Ethiopia to examine the contribution of retaining and/or planting trees on farmland (home garden, woodlot and crop lands) in enhancing the woody specious diversity and ecologically to conserve the natural forest with the main objective of assessing and analyzing the role of Farm Tree diversity use and management to small holder farmers. Socio-economic survey and field inventory were conducted to collect data through a series of household surveys and key informant interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statically tools such as frequency, percentages, and graphs by using SPSS analytical software version 20 and Microsoft excel; as well linear regression analysis used. To consider the various ecological values measurements were taken from total of 45 on-farm plots measuring 0.0125 ha per plot for determination of on-farm tree composition, stocking, richness and diversity.Shannon-Wiener Index of diversity as well as the Important Value Index (IVI) were applied. The type of forest products collected from natural forest were assessed in a 100 m transect from the boundary by identifying and counting the number of cut trees and building poles. The results revealed that farm trees and their products contributed higher status to farmer’s income. The findings also indicated that, farm size (P<0.05), household size (P<0.05) and household income (P<0.05) were the dominant socioeconomic factors that determine household farmer’s decision to retain and/ or plant trees on their farmland. Species composition and woody plants played great role in ecological sustainability of the study area. Furthermore, the result indicated that the respondents in the study area had awareness on the ecological benefits associated with trees on their farmlands and their attitudes towards trees planting were mostly positive. It was revealed that farmer’s decision to retaining and/ or planting trees on their farmlands was driven by their socioeconomic characteristics. Therefore to overcome these factors that confront farmers to retaining and/or planting trees on their farms should be considered with the concerned bodies. Moreover, Forest National Corporation (FNC) should consider the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers as essential in any tree planting programs in the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/13736 10.20372/nadre:13736 oai:zenodo.org:13736 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13735 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Farm woody specious, home garden, woodlot and crop lands ecological sustainability, Socioeconomic, Basketo On Farm Woody Specious Diversity Management and Uses to Small holder Households. The case of Basketo District, Southern Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13740 2025-07-29T07:57:36Z user-003

TEMESGEN GIRI 2025-07-29 Fuelwood and woody biomass are the most important forest product in Ethiopia. The high demand for wood as a source of household energy has been the cause of serious deforestation which in turn is fuelled by an ever-increasing population. Therefore, the major concern of this study was to quantify fuelwood demand and address the uncertainty surrounding fuelwood consumption. The study was conducted in Nagelle town, Liban district, OromiaRegional State, to assess fuelwood supply demand and its forest degradation challenges mainly following the ever-rising apprehensions about growing stock and any contributions thatfuelwood use may make to regional environmental degradation. Data was collected through structured questionnaires to know the socio-economic characteristics, causes of deforestation, and preferences of tree species for fuelwoodand service sectors survey by structured interview. The analysis of data was done by using Analysis of Variance and multiple linear regressions. Asa result, the average fuelwood demand at household levels in the area was estimated at 199.2 M3 per year while in service sectors the fuelwood demand was estimated at 145M3 and amount of fuelwood supplied to the town was 78212.2M3 per year. At the study site, fuelwood consumption a was significant (p<0.05), variable across the income categories. Similarly, energy consumption was also significantly different among household income levels. The major fuel wood supply in Nagelle towns was Retailersandwholesalerswhichcontributed78%and7.8%respectively.Fuelwoodpriceanddistan ce from fuel wood source had a significantly positive linear relationship with fuel wood consumption at (p <0.05). From the result, fuel wood is the second cause of deforestation next to agricultural expansion. The study implied that fuel wood Consumption has an impact on the remaining forest in the country as a whole and in the surrounding areas of Nagelle town. Therefore, improving the end-use efficiency in the use of traditional fuels through improving the efficiency of the existing cooking stoves and introducing new and more efficient stoves is forwarded for energy policy. https://zenodo.org/record/13740 10.20372/nadre:13740 oai:zenodo.org:13740 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13739 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by deforestation, fuelwood demand, fuelwood supply, income levels, Negelle Town ASSESSMENT OF FUELWOOD DEMAND AND SUPPLY WITH ITS FOREST DEGRADATION CHALLENGES IN NAGELLE TOWN, SOUTHEASTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13758 2025-07-29T08:06:27Z user-003

BEREKET BEKELE 2025-07-29 Household saving is a crucial determinant of the supply of funds for investment. However, saving level in Ethiopia particularly in the study area is very low and little is known empirically about its determinants. This study, therefore, was aimed at investigating the factors that affect saving habit of rural households in Gedeb district of Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. A cross sectional data collected from 295 rural sample households using interview schedule. The data collected were analyzed by using descriptive and econometric tools. The result of descriptive statistics revealed that the major challenges of saving practice in the study area were unplanned spending, high cost of living, high social commitments, spending income as soon as earning, very low income, unavailability of financial institutions, lack of trust in financial institution and lack of knowledge /awareness on saving whereas to acquire asset (house, land, clothes, TV etc.), to pay education fee, for household consumption (to buy food), to pay medical expenses, to receive interest rate for saving, to attend funerals and similar function and to get loan and credit access were the major opportunities of saving practice in the study area. The estimate of ordinal probit model with marginal effect found that age, education level, annual expenditure, farm land size, livestock owned, annual income, distance to financial institution, and frequency of extension contacts had significant influence on rural households’ saving habit. The finding suggests that awareness creation and trainings about saving benefits should be given to the society, price stability policies targeted on major food items should be appropriately formulated, encourage rural households to look for additional jobs without jeopardizing their permanent job of crop and livestock production, prior attention should be given to small and very small landholders for improving productivity of the existing land through land management system and modern cultivation system. https://zenodo.org/record/13758 10.20372/nadre:13758 oai:zenodo.org:13758 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13757 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Households, saving habit, Ordinal probit model SAVING HABIT OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS: THE CASE OF GEDEB WOREDA OF GEDEO ZONE, SOUTHERN REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13746 2025-07-29T08:01:34Z user-003

ZAID YOHANNE 2025-07-29 The present study was conducted in Shebedino woreda with the main objective of assessing indigenous soil and water conservation practices in the study area. The study involved three kebeles namely; Bonoyamirede, Diramoafarara and Morochonagasha and one hundred ninety two households from three kebeles selected randomly. Data collection was done through household survey and key informant interviews. Percentages and frequencies were used in analyzing the collected data. The finding indicated that the main causes of soil erosion in the study area are slope steepness of the farmland, over cultivation and absence of fallowing, types of soil intensity of rainfall, absence and delay of soil conservation structures, deforestation and desertification. As the result shows that 92.7% of households believed that soil erosion has its own consequences on their farmland. Indigenous soil and water conservation activity of farmers is influenced by various ranges of technical related problems, socio-cultural related problems, demographic related problems and physical related factors. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that farmers awareness raising through training or education on sustainable indigenous soil and water conservation practices should be encouraged by District agriculture offices and other concerned stakeholders, Integrating soil conservation measures of the local people with the currently working farming system, and finally it is reasonable to recommend that adequate consideration for determinant factors that influence soil and water conservation by district agriculture office, administration office, stakeholders and other donation providing organizations in order to increase the sustainable soil and water conservation and improve living standard of farmers in the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/13746 10.20372/nadre:13746 oai:zenodo.org:13746 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13745 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Indigenous knowledge, soil and water conservation, soil erosion, farmers' perception INDIGENOUSKNOWLEDGEFOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION IN SHEBEDINO WEREDA, SIDAMA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13738 2025-07-29T07:55:08Z user-003

TEMESGEN FEYISSA 2025-07-29 Food security is a major concern not only to the government of food insecure countries but to the world at large. Ethiopia is one of the most food-insecure and famine affected countries. A large portion of the country’s population has been affected by chronic and transitory food insecurity. The study focus to examine the determinants of food security status among rural households of Dilla zuria woreda of Gedeo Zone, Southern Nations Nationalities Peoples Regional State. A cross-sectional data collected from a total of 123 sample households. The survey data were analyzed by using descriptive and econometric methods. The descriptive result shows that among the total sample respondents 71(57.72%) were food insecure and the rest 52(42.28%) were food secured. The econometric model result shows that out of 13 explanatory variables considered in the econometric model analysis five variables were found to be significantly influencing the rural households’ food security status. These variables include farm size, livestock owned, irrigation accesses and credit access were found to have a significant effect with positive relationship to rural household food security status. And on the other hand dependency ratio variable was also found to have a significant effect with negative relationship to rural household food security status. As the result revealed that coping strategy, At initial stage 71.54% ate less preferred foods, 8.13% receive donation in the form of grains or cash from relatives/friends, 7.31% buy food on credit base, 6.5 % selling household asset, 5.69% borrow money to buy food and 0.77 % selling livestock. On the other hand at sever stage participation in food for work (30.8%) as their first option followed by sale of more livestock than usual food for work (29.26%), like wise they also employed sale or consume of seed meant (22.31%) for next season planting, sale of production equipment (9.23%) as their fourth and food aid (7.31%) as fifth alternative and also short term migration of some family member. Based on these results, the study finally recommends alternative policy implications to improve the food security status of the rural households. https://zenodo.org/record/13738 10.20372/nadre:13738 oai:zenodo.org:13738 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13737 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY STATUS: THE CASE OF DILLA ZURIA WOREDA, GEDEO ZONE OF SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13734 2025-07-29T07:52:11Z user-003

HABTAMU AYELE 2025-07-29 Agroforestry is a collective name for land-use systems and technologies where woody perennials (trees, shrubs, palms, bamboos, etc.) are deliberately used on the same land-management units as agricultural crops and/or animals, in some form of spatial arrangement or temporal sequence. In agroforestry systems there are both ecological and economical interactions between the different components (Lundgren and Raintree, 1982). Agroforestry practices stand for the intentional integration of trees, crops, and livestock on the same unit of land. Most of these agroforestry systems have evolved from forests. It is an integrated approach using benefits of interaction between agriculture and forestry technologies to create more diverse, productive, profitable, healthy, and sustainable land use systems (Tewabech & Efrem 2014; Daizy et al. 2008). Ethiopia is one of the countries that agreed on and signed up to the SDGs to meet the 2030 UN agenda: on achieving sustainable development to ensure healthy lives, human wellbeing and sustainable economic growth. Poverty eradication has been, and is, the key objective of the Ethiopian government with respect to achieving broad-based, accelerated and sustained economic growth (FDRE, 2010). https://zenodo.org/record/13734 10.20372/nadre:13734 oai:zenodo.org:13734 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13733 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by HOMEGARDEN AGROFORESTRY CONTRIBUTION TO HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND PLANT DIVERSITY; THE CASE OF DANO DISTRICT, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13772 2025-07-29T08:13:42Z user-003

GETACHEW TAFESE 2025-07-29 In developing countries like Ethiopia microfinance institutions are playing an essential role in poverty reduction, to provide the provision of credit, saving and other services to the poor that excluded by the commercial bank collateral and other reasons. However, there is a loan repayment problem, which discourages rural financial organizations from promoting and extending credit. This study was intended to identify the determinant factors affecting loan repayment performance of rural women borrowers from OMO micro finance institution of Hawela tula sub-city administration, Hawassa city administration. The study used cross sectional survey design to carry out the study. Multi-stage sampling techniques was used to select 161 (96 defaulters and 65non-defaulter) sample women borrowers. The data were analyzed using both descriptive analysis and econometric model (Tobit model).The descriptive results of study revealed that there is a significant difference between borrower groups in terms of OMO micro finance institution contribution this are: delivery of training, engage in small scale business, better living condition, better access to basic needs, increase self confidence in public, control over financial and other resources. The tobit model result shows that family size, and borrowing repeatedly affected negatively and significantly. Whereas, income from off farm/nonfarm sources, business information, business, successfulness and training had positively and significantly influence loan repayment performance of women. The defaulters identified many problems that hinder the loan repayment process in study area this are inadequate training access given by institution, weak in following up to retrieve loans and on business, the occurrence of input price rises up from time to time (unstable market condition), natural disaster such as droughts and animal diseases, bankruptcy, perceived loan as donation/government support and consider credit as worthiness. Based on the findings, the study suggest that the identified significant variables have to be considered for further interventions by financial institutions, stakeholders and policy makers to come up with a breakthrough to significantly decrease or even avoid defaulting problems. https://zenodo.org/record/13772 10.20372/nadre:13772 oai:zenodo.org:13772 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13771 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Defaulters, Loan Repayment, Tobit, Women LOAN REPAYMENT PERFORMANCE OF RURAL WOMEN BORROWERS FROM OMO MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTION: THE CASE OF HAWELA TULA SUB-CITY, HAWASA CITY ADMINISTRATION, SIDAMA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13770 2025-07-29T08:12:26Z user-003

ETAGEGN GIRMA 2025-07-29 Milk production is found to be an important enterprise and have the potential to be economically viable and greatly contribute to poverty alleviation, food security, improved family nutrition and income and employment generation. However, farmers in study area were not optimizing on their milk outputs due to input utilization and other related constraints of milk production. The objective of this study is therefore to measure the existing level of technical efficiency in milk production in the study area and identify determinant factors that cause efficiency variation. The study used a cross sectional data obtained from a field survey using structured questionnaire from a random sample of 203 smallholder milk producers in Hawella-Tulla Sub City of Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Both descriptive and econometric methods of analysis were used. The maximum likelihood parameter estimates showed that the labor, improved fodder and dry fodder supplied have positive and significant effect on milk production. The results also reveal that the labor has the highest elasticity, then improved fodder, followed by dry fodder supplied. The analysis further shows that the mean technical efficiency of farmers is 61% implying that on average about 39 percent of output can be realized with the existing technology and resource in the study area only by improving milk producers’ technical efficiency. From the result we concluded that milk production in the study area is subject to increasing returns to scale of about 1.23. On the other hand the estimates of tobit model indicated that, gender of household head, Age of household head, experience on dairy farming, education level of household head, off-farm income, credit access, and training on dairy farming, water source availability and frequency of disease prevalence were found to be the significant determinants of technical efficiency of milk production in the study area. Therefore, there is a need for suitable interventions by the government planners and other stakeholders specifically targeting the farms/farmers with low technical efficiency level by addressing the listed factors that significantly affecting technical efficiency of milk production in the study area, to bring about significant increase in milk production in a study area in particular and in a country in general. https://zenodo.org/record/13770 10.20372/nadre:13770 oai:zenodo.org:13770 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13769 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Technical efficiency, Milk production, Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier, Tobit Model TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SMALL HOLDERS MILK PRODUCTION: THE CASE OF HAWELLA – TULLA SUB CITY, SIDAMA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13766 2025-07-29T08:10:40Z user-003

ESAYAS SHEWANE 2025-07-29 Ethiopia is has tenth largest livestock inventory in the world. Ethiopia is also richest African country interms of number and diversity of livestock population(EEA,2004). Most of goats are raised by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia for cash income and meat(Anwar,2010). In support of stimulating growth, economic development, food security and alleviating poverty among farm households and pastoralists, the performance of goat marketing plays an important role in any on-going or future goat production and development plan. However, the subsector has encountered with lack of information about what determines goat market supply. This study aims at examining the market chain of Goat in Humbo Woreda. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. The primary data was generated from 196 sampled farmers, 30 traders and 20 consumers by using semi-structured questionnaires. Multi stages sampling procedure was used to select sample units. Descriptive and econometric data analyses tools were used for analyzing the data collected from farmers and traders in the study area. The survey result shows that quantity of Goat produced by farmers passed through different marketing agents until it reach to final consumers. Structure of Goat market indicates the four largest traders handled 41.17% of the total volume of purchased Goat. This suggested that the Goat market in Humbo Woreda shows a weak oligopolistic market. The major barriers to enter into the market were shortage of capital and information collusion. The multiple linear regression model result shows that Age of house hold head , credit use , distance to market, education level of house hold head, frequency of extension contact, cooperative membership and non farm income significantly affected the volume of Goat supplied to the market. Therefore, producers should focus on gaot production and marketing as bussiness,development agents, agricultural experts, marketing agents, research institution, the Ethiopian government and partner organizations in study area should give special attention for extension service to improve quality product,health status,reducing production cost through training in a way to serve grassroots level in all aspect as well as choose effective and efficient market channels is important. https://zenodo.org/record/13766 10.20372/nadre:13766 oai:zenodo.org:13766 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13765 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Goat, Mulitiple linear regression, Market Chain, S-C-P MARKET CHAIN ANALYSIS OF GOAT: THE CASE OF HUMBO WOREDA, WOLAYTA ZONE, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13774 2025-07-29T08:46:52Z user-003

GETU TEFERA 2025-07-29 People form cooperatives to do something better than they could do individually or through a non-cooperative form of business. Forming a cooperative will not automatically solve business problems faced by individual households. This is because cooperatives are subject to the same economic forces, legal restrictions and international relations that other business face. Cooperative members’ expectations about the types and quality of services that should be offered and their criteria for performance of these services have a major impact on the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction felt. Members’ satisfaction on the benefits obtained by establishing cooperatives should be evaluated by the level of the deviation of service expectation from perceived service performance. Thus, cooperatives performance should be continuously checked against the level of members’ satisfaction. This study therefore, aims at assessing the f i n a n c i a l performance of primary coffee marketing cooperatives and thereby to identify factors that impede members’ satisfaction. To evaluate the f i n a n c i a l performance of primary coffee marketing co-operatives in the study area, financial was computed based on annual audit reports of the cooperatives. Here, liquidity ratio, debt ratio, profitability ratio and efficiency ratio were calculated as performance indicators. As a result, almost all of the primary coffee marketing cooperatives in the study area were performing inefficiently. Probit regression model was also employed to identify factors influencing the members’ satisfaction taking the overall cooperatives performance, the adequacy and context of services rendered by the cooperatives and the major services as function of socio-economic and institutional explanatory variables. The model analysis revealed that ,age, family size, patronage refund and distance of the cooperative from the farmer’s residence were found to be statistically significant https://zenodo.org/record/13774 10.20372/nadre:13774 oai:zenodo.org:13774 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13773 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY COFFE MARKETING COOPRATIVES AND ITS MEMBERS' SATISFACTION: THE CASE OF YIRGACHEFE WOREDA,SOUTHEN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13778 2025-07-29T08:58:28Z user-003

JEGO MEKURIA 2025-07-29 Beekeeping is an appropriate and well-accepted farming activity that directly and indirectly contributes to smallholder income generation in Anna Sorra district. However, there are a number of problems in honey and beeswax value chains that can be faced from production up to consumption. Thus, this research attempted to analyze the honey marketing performance of Anna Sorra district of Oromya National Regional State, Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data were collected from 99 farmers, 21 traders and 4 consumers. Both descriptive statistics and econometric model had been used to analyses the date. Analysis of marketing margins revealed that retailers received the highest (20%/10%) marketing margin, rural collectors took (10.5%/10%) for unprocessed and semi-processed honey whereas processors and wholesalers received the least marketing margins which is 5% and 5.9% respectively for unprocessed and semi processed honey in study area. The two-stage least square regression model results showed that seven variables which are quantity of honey produced, family size, type of beehive used, beekeeping experience, distance to nearest market, frequency of extension contact and sex of the house hold head significantly affected the volume of honey supplied to the market. Policy implications drawn from the study findings include the need to improve the beekeepers knowledge, encouraging adult education, improving production and volume of sales of honey and expanding accessibility of market infrastructure. https://zenodo.org/record/13778 10.20372/nadre:13778 oai:zenodo.org:13778 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13777 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Anna Sorra, honey, marketing performance, 2SLS HONEY MARKETING PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF ANNA SORRA DISTRICT OF GUJII ZONE, OROMIYA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13764 2025-07-29T08:08:23Z user-003

DEMEKE DAMENE 2025-07-29 In most of the developing countries, lack of resources and little market accessibility are among the major factors that affect small farming household food security. This study aims to investigate rural households’ food security status and identifying the determinants of rural household food security status in Gorche woreda of Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia. For this study, a total of 136 households were selected from four rural kebelles by using systematic random sampling technique. Primary and secondary data sources were used to undertake this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric regression models. Food security status is calculated using dietary intake method. The survey result shows that about 62(45.59%) of sample respondents were food insecure, while 74(54.41%) were food secure. Further, the results of logistic regression show that age of the household head significantly and negatively influencing the food security status of rural households. Furthermore, farm land size, distance from the main road, membership in cooperative and off-farm engagement do significantly and positively affect the rural household food security status of the study area. The results suggest that local food security can be enhanced by creating off-farm employment opportunities, improved road infrastructure; giving priority to old aged, strengthen the existing farmer cooperatives and proper utilization of farm land. https://zenodo.org/record/13764 10.20372/nadre:13764 oai:zenodo.org:13764 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13763 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Determinants, food security, Gorche, logistic regression DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY STATUS: THE CASE OF GORCHE WOREDA, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13780 2025-07-29T09:00:07Z user-003

MELIKAMU MATIWOS 2025-07-29 Marketing outlet choice is one of the most important farm household decisions to sell their produce in different marketing outlets and has a great impact on household income.Market outlet choices are a household-specific decision, and several drivers have to be considered as a basis for such decision.However, Avocado market outlet choice studies have not yet been under taken in study area. This research attempted to investigate the determinants of avocado market channel choice in dale district sidama region of Ethiopia. Focusing on Avocado fruit-Multi-stage sampling techniques was used to select 175 sample farmers. Data for the study were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data were generated by household survey using a pre-tested structured questioner and key informant interview using check lists. The data were collected from 175 farmers 15 traders and analyzed using STATA soft ware and SPSS.Avocado value chain actors identified in the study include input suppliers, producers, local collectors, whole seller, retailers, processors, avocado cooperatives and consumers. The principal avocado marketing constraints facing farmers in this district are shortage of transportation, low market information, price fluctuation, lack of marketing center and promotion’s. Econometric result shows that six variables consisting of market information, distance to nearest market center, access to extension services, quantity of produce, education level of households and credit usage significantly influence avocado producers choosing of market outlets for their produce.The result has indicated that variables such as marketing information and distance to market center are the significant determinants of the choice of wholesale market outlet. Farmer’s choice of collector market outlet is determined by the access to extension. The choice of cooperative market outlet is determined by the variables such as quantity of avocado produced and distance to market center. Processor market outlet choice is determined by the variables such as education level, quantity of avocado produced and access to extension.Out of six different market channels of avocado identified in the study area.The maximum producer’s share.(GMMp) is highest when they directly sell to avocado cooperative and whole seller in channel III and channel II which was 31.6% and 30.22%, respectively and lowest in channel IV and I when they sell directly to retailer and rural collector which was 21.6%. It is observed that as the number of intermediaries" increases, the producer’s share in consumer’s price decreases.Based on the results obtained from the model variables affecting the choice of whole sale and cooperative market outlet should be promoted and that increased trainings/extension services on avocado marketing will enhance farmers’ skills on avocado marketing.Strengthening the linkage/interaction among value chain actors, there is a need to change the outlook of actors, by developing ground rules that will bind the relationship between producers and traders. https://zenodo.org/record/13780 10.20372/nadre:13780 oai:zenodo.org:13780 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13779 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Avocado; Marketing constraints; Multivariate regression;Value chain Actors DETERMINANTS OF AVOCADO MARKET CHANNEL CHOICE AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN CASE OF DALE DISTRICT, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE,ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13782 2025-07-29T09:02:00Z user-003

MIHRET TADESSE 2025-07-29 Village saving and loan association is one of the early established informal microfinance institutions which established by CARE Ethiopia and It involved in Sidaama region during 10 years, by providing saving and credit programs to the poor rural households and empower them by strengthening their Economic role and increase their ability in the society. This study was concerned with the main aim of identifying and analyzing the impact of VSLA on selected rural household’s income in study area. 338 sampled households were randomly selected from four rural kebeles of the district. 63 members were selected from those four kebele of VSLA members whereas 275 households’ were non-members and their information were collected using primary data, as well as secondary data were collected from review of different related literatures. Descriptive statistics and Logit regression analysis was used to identify the variable which influences rural household’s decision-making in VSLA membership and the result revealed that, from the total of twelve explanatory variables included in the model seven of them were negatively and positively affecting households’ decision on probability to join VSLA program at 1%, 5% and 10% significance level. As well, the marginal effects were also estimated to evaluate the contribution of each of these factors to the likelihood of participant in VSLA program. Structured questionnaire and interview schedule were used to elicit information from the respondents. By Using household’s annual income, and Monthly cash saving amount of the respondent’s indicator variables, the study measured the impact of VSLA membership on the income of rural households by implementing propensity score matching (PSM) to compare average difference between members of VSLA and non-members. The matching result of Average Treatment Effect on Treated (ATT) reveals that participation in VSLA has positive and significant impact on both outcome indicator variables. The study concludes that VSLA has significant impact on the rural household’s income in the study area. Therefore, need to consideration to the determinate of mobilization and support VSLAs program to increase the well-being of rural households. https://zenodo.org/record/13782 10.20372/nadre:13782 oai:zenodo.org:13782 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13781 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Village saving and Loan Association, program, impact, Propensity Score Matching, Determinant, households, Income THE IMPACT OF VILLAGE SAVING AND LOAN ASSOCIATION ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN ALETACHUKO WOREDA, SIDAAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13784 2025-07-29T09:03:30Z user-003

MUDETA CHAKA 2025-07-29 Wheat is one of the dominant crops and its productivity is low in the study area. This means that it is possible to obtain additional output from existing inputs used, if resource are properly used and efficiently allocated. The aim of this study was to investigate technical efficiency of wheat producing farmers and identify factors affecting technical efficiency of wheat producer farmers in Arsi Nagele West Arsi district of Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from 155 randomly selected sample wheat producers in the district in 2020/21 production year. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Technical efficiency of sampled farmer in wheat production was estimated and analyzed by Cobb-Douglas functional form in stochastic frontier model (SFM) with single stage estimation method. The estimated SFM indicated that input variables (NPS, Urea, Herbicide, Oxen and labor) were found to be significantly and positively influence wheat production at 1 and 5 percent of significant level respectively. Applying a Cobb-Douglas frontier the study found that the mean technical efficiency of wheat farmers in the production of wheat is 79%. This implies that wheat producers can reduce current level of input application by 21% and produce same output given the existing technological level. The Tobit Model result shows that education level of household head, frequency of extension contact, Livestock holding, Use of credit, record keeping, training, use of improved seed, row planting, time of plowing, time of planting, time of weeding, influences technical efficiency level of wheat farmers in the study area. Therefore, the study suggested the above mentioned significant variables have important for policy implications in that development programs may give fruitful attention so as to mitigate the existing level of inefficiency of farmers in the production of wheat in the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/13784 10.20372/nadre:13784 oai:zenodo.org:13784 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13783 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Wheat production, technical efficiency, Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier, Tobit, Arsi Nagele District TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT PRODUCING SMALL HOLDER FARMERS: THE CASE OF ARSI NAGELE DISTRICT OF WEST ARSI ZONE OF OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13788 2025-07-29T09:06:23Z user-003

SINAFIKISH LEMMA 2025-07-29 The energy sector of Ethiopia continues to largely relay on traditional biomass energy due to limited access to modern energy sources to meet growing demand. This energy demand is mostly obtained from biomass fuel while it has many drawbacks. Therefore, this study aims to examine household cooking energy choices in Ameka woreda of Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional data collected from a total of 118 sample households whereby 75(63.56%) were from the rural kebeles and 43(36.44%) were from urban kebele. The collected data analyzed using descriptive and econometric tools. Result of the descriptive analysis indicates that about 94.71% of the sampled households used firewood as a main cooking energy option and followed by crop residue and animal dung 47.38%, while most urban households using firewood as a main cooking energy accounted for 85.71%, followed by electricity 64.28% and charcoal 59.52%. The study further shows that in contrast to men, women engaged more in collecting cooking energy sources. The study also shows that households in rural kebeles are mostly using cooking energy sources through purchasing and collecting (42.31%) and the remaining are purchasing and urban areas are consuming household cooking energy through purchasing (57.5%).Besides, the households face several constraints to adopt cleaner cooking energy source among which low awareness towards clean cooking energy, lack of sufficient availability of clean cooking technology and unaffordability of the clean cooking options are the most considerable ones. Applying Multivariate Probit model, the study found that of the eleven explanatory variables, household’s cooking energy choice of significantly influenced by eight explanatory variables. More precisely, household size, distance to market and feeder road, household income, household expenditure on cooking energy, education, livelihood and sex of the household head significantly influenced the households cooking energy choice. The study forwarded relevant recommendation for government and development partners to work on the family planning, deployment of road infrastructure, promotion of alternative income generating activities, distribution of low cost modern cooking technologies, investments of renewable energy sources and implementing women empowerment programs towards modern cooking energy options. https://zenodo.org/record/13788 10.20372/nadre:13788 oai:zenodo.org:13788 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13787 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Energy, Household, Cooking HOUSEHOLD COOKING ENERGY CHOICE: THE CASE OF AMEKA WOREDA, HADIYA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13790 2025-07-29T09:07:52Z user-003

TEKLU HAMESO 2025-07-29 Ethiopia is a front line on the population of livestock in Africa while low productivity of cattle due to so many reasons like poor genetic potentials of the livestock resources, insufficient animal feed, disease and poor management practices are barriers for the country making fair benefit from its resource potential. This research attempted to investigate the performance of milk marketing, in shebedino district, Sidama National Regional State Ethiopia. The shebedino district was selected purposively based on high potential of dairy production and lack of access to milk marketing in study area. Multistage sampling technique was applied to select 180 sample farmers. Data for study were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were generated by household survey using a pre – tested structured questionaries’ and key informant interview using check lists. The collected data was analysed using descriptive and econometric tools .The Econometric result shows that milk supply affected variables are age , milk production , market access and family size whereas milk income affected variables are age , sex , land size , educational level , average milk price , distance to market , market access , milk market information , usage of credit , family size and dairy farming experience significantly influence performance of milk marketing for their produce. The results suggest that the dairy producer efficiently use their land by using different forage development strategies, the government should be worked to increases milk production and productivity , even though the government work had artificial insemination and synchronization , the current milk production was very low , the government give attention dairy cow management, and the dairy producer access to milk market the dairy cooperative and milk collection center should be establish and link with milk processor , the processor should be pay milk quality based fee, and the Ethiopia Government has emphasized the development of livestock and milk market master plan that intends to improve livestock productivity, develop dairy value chain, milk market and improve the sanitary standards and regulatory framework. https://zenodo.org/record/13790 10.20372/nadre:13790 oai:zenodo.org:13790 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13789 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Dairy, Heckman two – stage model, milk marketing PERFORMANCE OF MILK MARKETING IN SHEBEDINO DISTRICT OF SIDAMA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13786 2025-07-29T09:04:48Z user-003

SHUKUR KASIM 2025-07-29 In Ethiopia, increasing population pressure and low levels of agricultural productivity have aggravated the food insecurity situation by widening the gap between demand for and supply of food. Increasing productivity and efficiency in crop production could be taken an important step towards attaining food security. This study was aimed to assess the production efficiencies of smallholder maize producers in Boricha Woreda, Sidama National Regional State, Ethiopia. Across sectional data was collected from a total of 306 sample farm households using structured questionnaires was used. Cobb-Douglas production function was fitted using stochastic production frontier approach to estimate technical, allocative and economic efficiencies levels, whereas Tobit model was employed to identify factors affecting efficiency levels of the sampled farmers. The stochastic production frontier model result indicated that input variables such as land, labor, pesticide and seed were the significant inputs to increase the quantity of maize output. The estimated mean levels of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies were 62, 54 and 34% respectively, which indicate the presence of inefficiency in maize production in the study area. The result of tobit econometric model showed that, from a total of 12 explanatory variables used in the model, five variables such as education status of household head, farm size, frequency of extension contact, livestock holding and sex of household head had statistically significant influence on the Production efficiency of maize producer farmers in the study area. The result indicated, as there is a room to increase the efficiency of maize producers in the study area. Therefore, the study suggested the above mentioned significant variables have important for policy implications in that development programs may give fruitful attention so as to mitigate the existing level of inefficiency of farmers in the production of maize in the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/13786 10.20372/nadre:13786 oai:zenodo.org:13786 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13785 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Maize production, production efficiency, Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier, Tobit, Boricha PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF SMALLHOLDER MAIZE PRODUCERS IN BORICHA WOREDA OF SIDAMA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13794 2025-07-29T09:10:47Z user-003

WORKU NIGUSSIE 2025-07-29 Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental problems in the highlands of Ethiopia. The prevalence of traditional agricultural land use and inappropriate resource management often result in the degradation of natural forests and soil fertility in the country. In order to design a useful plan of action it is necessary to understand local peoples’ response to soil conservation plans. Therefore, the major concern of this study is to identify economic valuation of off-site soil conservation practices in Wadera district of Guji Zone,Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Data were collected through a DB CVM survey conducted on 100 randomly selected rural households to elicit preferences for controlling the off-site effects of soil erosion. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and econometrics tools. Using a Recursive Probit model, we have estimated the mean WTP and identified the determinant factors. The result indicates that controlling the off-site effects of soil erosion offers a welfare gain of 21.52 ETB. Bid value, age, level of education, farm size, livestock holding and perception are the significant factors affecting WTP. Bid value and farm size affects negatively, while age, level of education, livestock holding and perception affects positively. The estimated values are indicative of the WTP potentials of the local community and hence designing a bottom-up approach of intervention might work better. In line with this the study considers the possibilities of implementing a market based mechanism of payment for environmental services (PES). https://zenodo.org/record/13794 10.20372/nadre:13794 oai:zenodo.org:13794 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13793 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Off-Site, Soil Conservation, CVM, PES, Recursive Probit Model ECONOMIC VALUATION OF OFF-SITE SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICES IN WADERA DISTRICT OF GUJI ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13792 2025-07-29T09:09:14Z user-003

WONDWOSEN HUSSIEN 2025-07-29 This thesis examines the impact of Agricultural Growth Program (AGP) on income and saving of Women Common Interest Group (CIG) member in Southern Ethiopia particularly in Malga district. The study is based on cross-sectional survey data collected from a total of 317 households whereby 135 were from program beneficiaries and 184 were from non-beneficiaries. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources. In this study, a semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussion, and in-depth interview were held to collect primary data. The data collected were analyzed using a number of descriptive and econometric tools. The results of the PSM method suggest that AGP women CIG intervention has a positive impact on improving rural household income and saving. The result of the logistic regression model reveals that the education status of the group member, total family size of the group member, access to market, distance of extension service provision office and access to credit service influences the participation of women on the program. All variables found to have a positive and significant relationship with the program participation. Thus, it is better if the government and concerned body made their attention towards improving rural women agricultural production and productivity. https://zenodo.org/record/13792 10.20372/nadre:13792 oai:zenodo.org:13792 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13791 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Propensity Score Matching, Women CIG, Impact, AGP, Southern Ethiopia IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL GROWTH PROGRAM ON INCOME AND SAVING OF WOMEN COMMON INTEREST GROUP MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD: THE CASE OF MALGA DISTRICT, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:13682 2025-08-28T03:52:34Z user-003 user-zenodo

WOGENE ABEBE 2025-07-29 The objectives of the study was to asses milk production, hygienic milk handling practices and Bacteriological quality of raw cow milk produced and marketed in the study districts. A total of 208 respondents were involved as respondent dairy cattle owned house hold and milk seller respondents from different milk selling points (restaurant , vendor and milk shop was involved and data were collected through structured questionnaires and 88 raw cow milk sample were collected. Laboratory analysis for total viable bacterial counts and total viable coliform counts were done for different milk samples collected from the two selected districts. Survey works includes: Barn and floor type, cleaning practices, hygienic condition of the milker and cows during milking, source of water used for cleaning purpose( hand, udder and, milk utensils), type of milking container, and major milk quality constraints. Laboratory analysis was carried out to determine the Bacteriological quality of raw cow milk. Among the districts there was strong significant (P < 0.05) different in cleaning dairy cattle’s barn. In this study about 40% and 5% respondents were clean their dairy cattle barn floor in Dilla town and Dilla Zuria districts, respectively. Over all mean of total viable bacterial count of milk sample from farm gate and milk sample from restaurant and vendor milk selling shop was strong significantly different (P<0.05) and over all mean of total viable coliform counts result was significantly different (P<0.05) the milk sample taken from farm gate and the milk sample from restaurant, vendor and milk shop/tea house. The highest total viable bacterial count (4.0x106 CFU) and total viable coli form counts (7.8 x 105 cfu/ml) were observed at restaurant, vendor milk selling shop level respectively. The milk sample from restaurant, vendor, milk selling shop and tea house was subjected high bacterial contamination and does not meet the East Africa community (EAC) maximum acceptable milk quality standard of (5.0x105 CFU/ml) for total viable bacterial count and (2.0x105 CFU /ml) for total viable coliform count which indicated poor animal husbandry and hygiene practices. Therefore, adequate sanitary measures should be taken at all stages from milk production to consumption. https://zenodo.org/record/13682 10.20372/nadre:13682 oai:zenodo.org:13682 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:13681 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/zenodo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Bacteriological quality. Coliform count, Hygienic practices, Raw cow milk, Total bacterial count ASSESSMENT OF MILK PRODUCTION, MILK HANDLING PRACTICES, AND EVALUATING BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF RAW COW MILK PRODUCED AND MARKETED IN DILLA TOWN AND DILLA ZURIA DISTRICT OF GEDEO ZONE, SOUTHERN, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:17501 2025-09-05T11:22:33Z user-003

ABINET TONGOLA 2025-09-05 Abstract The value chain is a technique to evaluate the commerce events that goal to produce, plan, distribute and service the product to the client. The value chain contains product expansion, quality govern, cost controlling, research and development, facilities supervision, client service, command satisfaction, product commercialization and many others (Evans, 2014). value chain examination concern on the changing aspects of complex relations within a system, wherein both value formation and value arrest occur in a value structure that contains providers, distributors, followers, and agents Our country has a big potential to supply the quality avocado for foreign market since highly demanded products. But , Ethiopia is not financial benefit able from this commodity incase of several reasons : during harvesting and post harvesting handling problems and absence of value adding cases. (Berhanu, 2015). This is similar to the study area that faced to challenges to production, processing, ware housing and both local and foreign market functioning. In production, avocado producer farmers surrounded problems like shortage of land, irrigation access, shortage of inputs in local market, access to credit, availability of appropriate technical information including timely and protection of pests and diseases. The thesis focused on determining the variables that influence the market supply of avocados, determining the variables that influence the decision to choose a supplier, identifying the key players in the avocado value chain and their net share, and assessing the marketing margin of Dale woreda participants.Due to the study's restriction to just three avocadoproducing kebeles in Dale woreda Together, primary and secondary data were employed in the study.Three different types of que stionnaires were used to obtain the primary data: one for farmers, another for traders (collector s and suppliers), and a cooperative.The information might be gathered by looking at the gener al socioeconomic traits and the responsibilities that traders, cooperatives, unions, and farmers play in the avocado value chain.The study employed a semistructured questionnaire that was c reated specifically for it. In this research, expressive statistics, value chain analysis and econometric analysis was applied to examine the data. The plan suggestions to be drawn from this research are concerning on the important variables from the examination of current study. To begin with, distribution of current input technologies is important in maximizing the yield of avocado. Given that growers are not properly linked well in the investigation site, this state of dealings clearly requests serious government interference. Not only does it need supplying production input access , but also their distribution to gate optimum availability. Effort should also be prepared to strengthen producers groups and inspire collective action of farmers to minor operation expenses to admittance inputs and market; and associating growers to internal as well as global market through certification depending on the superiority of their product which empower them to get healthier price. https://zenodo.org/record/17501 10.20372/nadre:17501 oai:zenodo.org:17501 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:17500 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF AVOCADO IN DALE WOREDA, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:19377 2025-10-07T13:25:27Z user-003

TADELE GETNET 2025-10-07 ABSTRACT: Botanical garden functionsas an ex-situ plant repository, playing vital role in supplementing onsiteconservation of biodiversity and climate changemitigation and adaptation.This study aimed to assess woodyspecies diversity and carbon stock potential of the Botanical and Ecotourism Garden of Dilla Universityin southern Ethiopia. Astratified random sampling method was used to gather vegetation data across three distinct vegetation types. Thirty-one plots with dimensions of 20 m × 20 m (400 m2) eachwere utilized for tree/shrub assessments. Additionally, five 1 m × 1 m (1 m2) subplots were positioned within each main plot four at the corners and one at the center, to capture data on litterfall biomass and soil characteristics .Woody plant data, including the identity, number of individuals, and diameter at breast height (DBH) wererecorded. A total of 58 species of woody plants from 34 families and 48 genera were identified. The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) and evenness values were1.92and 0.59 respectively.The highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index was recorded in riverine vegetation followed by natural vegetation and mixed vegetationat 2.45(H’)1.9 (H’), and 1.58(H’) respectively.The most prevalent and abundant species were Premnaschimperia, Combretum molle, Grevillea robusta,Terminalia macroptera,Maesa lanceolataand Acacia siebereina, The mean biomass stock of above-ground carbon (AGC) and below-ground carbon (BGC)were 16.12ton/ha and 4.35ton/ha respectively. The highest aboveground carbon stock was measured in riverine, natural vegetation, and mixed vegetationtypes35.9tons/ha, 12.3 tons/ha,and 7.5 tons/ha respectively,andlitter carbon stock mean value of 0.48tons/ha.Moreover, the mean value of soil organic carbon was 30.15 tons/ha. The mean number of woody plant stemdensity per hectare was (701stme/ha), with a basal area (9.02 m 2 / ha). The findings of this study’s highlight the botanical garden's significant role in preserving biodiversity and its potential forclimate change mitigating through carbon sequestration. https://zenodo.org/record/19377 10.20372/nadre:19377 oai:zenodo.org:19377 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:19376 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by above ground carbon, basal area, below ground carbon, litter biomass, stem density, soil carbon, woody plant diversity WOODY SPECIES DIVERSITY AND CARBON STOCK POTENTIAL IN THE BOTANICAL AND ECOTOURISM GARDEN OF DILLA UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20143 2025-10-15T10:53:06Z user-003

ABAYNEH GIRMA 2025-10-15 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the role of gender in the coffee value chain in bule woreda, gedeo zone, south Ethiopia. Women play a vital role in Ethiopia's coffee industry, contributing significantly at every stage of production. Despite their crucial contributions, women face substantial challenges that limit their access to benefits and opportunities. Understanding gender roles is essential for improving the agricultural value chain. This study aimed to assess the role of gender in the coffee value chain in Bule Woreda, Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources, including a household survey of 220 households, interviews with traders (7 collectors, 3 suppliers, 1 cooperative, 4 exporters, 14 wholesalers 18 retailers, 2 processes and 1 cooperative union), and secondary data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an econometric model. The analysis revealed a significant gendered division of labor in coffee production, highlighting stark disparities in participation between male- and female-headed households. Men dominated physically demanding tasks such as pruning, with 65.1% of tasks being performed by husbands in male-headed households compared to only 1.2% of women in female-headed households. Women's participation in composting was higher (17.4% of women in female-headed households) compared to men (1.2% of husbands in female-headed households), while weeding showed a similar disparity, with 24.9% of men in male-headed households involved compared to only 6.2% of women. Econometric model results, using a Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) analysis, identified five significant explanatory variables influencing coffee sales volume: production in kilograms, coffee farming experience, education levels of the household head, frequency of extension contact, and the gender of the household head. To address gender inequalities and enhance women's participation in the coffee value chain, it is crucial to implement targeted interventions focused on skills development, access to resources, market participation, and gender-sensitive policies. https://zenodo.org/record/20143 10.20372/nadre:20143 oai:zenodo.org:20143 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20142 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Coffee, value chain, gender roles, Two-Stage Least Squares, south Ethiopia THE ROLE OF GENDER IN THE COFFEE VALUE CHAIN IN BULE WOREDA, GEDEO ZONE, SOUTH ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20151 2025-10-15T10:57:41Z user-003

ABEBE GETE 2025-10-15 ABSTRACT Poverty is multifaceted and a global issue, affecting the world‘s population. For this reason, the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals recognize the significance of poverty eradication as a top priority. Poverty remains a global challenge, but it disproportionately affects Sub-Saharan Africa, including countries like Ethiopia. In line with its vision for 2030, Ethiopia has made poverty eradication a fundamental goal. To achieve this objective, it is crucial to assess the relationship between some indicators of the socioeconomic status of the household and identify these factors. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between some indicators of the socioeconomic status of the household and its multidimensional determinants in the Gedeo zone at the household level. The data for this study used primary data collected from a sample of 400 households. The data analysis employed descriptive, Spearman correlation matrix, and econometric techniques. Specifically, a logistic regression model was used to examine the factors contributing to multidimensional poverty. To describe the relationship between some indicators of the socioeconomic status of the household, I used the Spearman correlation matrix. Based on the Spearman correlation matrix the relationship between some indicators of the socioeconomic status of the household showed a positive relationship, age, and marital status (0.2013), education and access to market information(0.4846), family size and dependency ratio (0.7811), family size and access to credit (0.0439), dependency ratio and family size (0.7915), dependency ratio and saving(0.0412), house ownership and credit (0.0322), social safety net and employment status (0.1282) income and education (0.0795) income and saving (0.0892), saving and social capital (iddir) (0.0468), employment and working hour (0.0921), employment and credit (0.6897), household size and employment (0.0703), (savings) and credit (0.0072), additional income and working hours (0.1178), additional income and employment (0.0848). Whereas, age and education (-0.2761), age and additional income (-0.0828), education and marital status (-0.1203), education and social capital (-0.0101), distance and education (- 0.2231) showed a relationship between some indicators of the socioeconomic status of the household were showed negative relationship) the research area. The logistic regression analysis results indicate that multidimensional poverty is statistically and significantly influenced by the marital status of households, access to market information, additional income, traditional savings, productive safety net, and employment status of the households. The implications of these findings emphasize the need for policy interventions that prioritize significant contributing factors to effectively reduce multidimensional poverty. A comprehensive approach that encompasses education, access to basic services, and economic empowerment can positively impact poverty reduction efforts in Ethiopia https://zenodo.org/record/20151 10.20372/nadre:20151 oai:zenodo.org:20151 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20150 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Multidimensional Poverty, Logistic Regression Model DETERMINANTS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN GEDEO ZONE SOUTHERN, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20159 2025-10-15T11:03:35Z user-003

Abdulaziz Sabir 2025-10-15 ABSTRACT In Ethiopia fruit production possess paramount abilities to support farmers livelihoods and plays great roles in national and households’ socio-economy. However, in the field of scientific research and development avocado have received little attention in comparison to other fruit species. Thus, this study aimed to identify avocado market chain actors, their functions and marketing margins along the chain, to identify major constraints and opportunities along avocado market chain, to identify factors that determine avocado market participation decision and product supply to the market. Three stage sampling procedure was used to arrive at final respondents where at first stage Dilla area were selected purposively by their potential of avocado production. To this end, the main data for this study was emanated from both primary and secondary sources. In-depth face to face interview, focus group discussion, and household schedule survey were used. Data was analysed using both descriptive statistics and econometric models. The results of market chain analysis show that the main actors of the chain are producers, local collectors, wholesalers, retailers, processors and final consumers. Among the identified avocado market channels, the one with highest producers share from consumer price is producer to consumer. Main constraints identified along the chain are perishability nature of product followed by lack of processing technology and low price received by producers whereas main opportunities of avocado production and market are suitability of the agro ecology for fruit production, availability of many market outlet for the products, emerging of small towns in the rural kebeles and existence of telephone communication facilities in rural kebeles. First stage Heckman selection result showed that family size, other fruit plants ownedand harvest frequency have negative and significant effect on probability of household participation in avocado market. Market information and annual income have positive and significant effect on probability of household participation in avocado market. Volume of avocado supplied was significantly determined by age of household, number of avocado plants owned, access to credit service, volume of avocado produced per year, cropping experience of respondent in years and annual income. The study recommends that government and other development partners should work on promoting avocado processing and storage technologies. https://zenodo.org/record/20159 10.20372/nadre:20159 oai:zenodo.org:20159 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20158 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Avocado, Dilla Zuria, Market chain, Heckman, Market participation MARKET CHAIN ANALYSIS OF AVOCADO IN DILLA ZURIA WOREDA GEDEO ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20147 2025-10-15T10:55:24Z user-003

Mebrat Lelisha 2025-10-15 ABSTRACT Market chain analysis is crucial for understanding market dynamics, the interactions between different participants, and the key barriers hindering the growth of goat marketing. This study focused on analyzing the goat market chain in the Wonago Woreda of the Gedeo Zone in southern Ethiopia. Primary data were collected from 196 goat producers, 30 traders, and 20 consumers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric models. The findings reveal that the goat market in Wonago operates under a weak oligopolistic structure, with a concentration ratio (CR4) of 41.17%, indicating the dominance of a small number of traders. While price is the main competitive factor, a significant proportion of traders (58.83%) build customer loyalty through fair pricing and accurate weighing practices. The overall marketing margin stands at 25%, with local collectors taking the largest share. Goat producers face significant challenges, including fluctuating demand, price instability, disease risks, poor infrastructure, limited access to credit, and inadequate market information, all of which negatively impact their livelihoods and market efficiency.. Probit regression analysis found that credit access and education significantly influence market participation, while Heckman selection regression indicated that the gender of the household head and cooperative membership play crucial roles in goat supply. The Heckman selection model is often considered superior to other methods in situations where selection bias is a concern because it directly addresses the problem by modeling the selection process and adjusting for it. To improve market efficiency and sustainability, the study recommends enhancing market information systems, improving credit access, investing in rural infrastructure, promoting cooperatives, offering education and training on best practices, and advocating for increased government support in the goat sector https://zenodo.org/record/20147 10.20372/nadre:20147 oai:zenodo.org:20147 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20146 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Structure, conduct, performance, Heckman selection model, Wonago woreda, Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia MARKET ANALYSIS OF THE GOAT SUPPLY CHAIN IN WONAGO WOREDA, GEDEO ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20153 2025-10-15T10:59:40Z user-003

FIKADU KERSIMA 2025-10-15 ABSTRACT Beekeeping is a prevalent farming venture and source of income in Dara Woreda of the Sidama National Regional State, supported by various promotional initiatives. However, the adoption of new technologies is influenced by a range of socioeconomic, institutional, and demographic factors unique to each farm household. To effectively develop and disseminate suitable technologies for farmers, it is essential to understand these contextual factors. This study examines the determinants of modern beehive adoption and analyzes theprofitability of adopting modern beehive technology in Dara Woreda, employing a multistage sampling technique to identify 72 adopters and 76 non-adopters from a total of 148 respondents. Data were collected through structured interviews, group discussions,key informant discussions, and observations, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric models. The profitability analysis reveals that beekeepers adopting modern box hives experience increased profits, yielding a net benefit of 2680 Birr—more than doubling profits compared to traditional hives. Key findings indicate that the educational level of household heads, beekeeping experience, cooperative membership, livestock holding, and access to extension services significantly influence the probability of adopting modern beehive technology. Therefore, targeted training programs to improve educational levels and beekeeping skills, strengthening cooperative memberships for knowledge sharing, enhancing access to extension services, establishing financial support mechanisms, and conducting awareness campaigns showcasing the benefits of modern technologies are recommended to promote wider adoption among non-adopters. https://zenodo.org/record/20153 10.20372/nadre:20153 oai:zenodo.org:20153 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20152 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Beekeeping, Dara Woreda, logit model, modern beehive adoption, SidamaNational Regional State, profitability analysis PROFITABILITY AND ADOPTION OF IMPROVED BEE HIVE TECHNOLOGY AMONG SMALLHOLDER BEEKEEPERS IN DARA WOREDA OF SIDAMA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20157 2025-10-15T11:01:24Z user-003

SIMON SIYOUM 2025-10-15 ABSTRACT This study investigates the prevalence of food insecurity and the coping mechanisms adopted by smallholder farmers in Dara Otilicho Woreda, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. A survey of 275 households across four kebeles—Womerera, Babe, Shabe, and Loya—was conducted using structured questionnaires and supported by secondary data. Descriptive statistics revealed that 81.1% of households were food insecure, while 18.9% were food secure. The logistic regression model identified key determinants of food insecurity, including farm size, irrigation access, livestock ownership, and credit availability, which positively influenced food security. Conversely, a high dependency ratio had a negative effect. The research highlights that food insecurity in the woreda is driven by limited access to productive resources, unpredictable rainfall, and socioeconomic challenges. Households employed various coping strategies such as selling livestock, off-farm income activities, and relying on fast-maturing crops like sweet potatoes. Despite government interventions like the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) and NGO support, significant gaps in food security persist. The study recommends promoting off-farm income opportunities, improving agricultural productivity through irrigation and modern inputs, and enhancing access to credit and markets. These measures aim to bolster household resilience and address food insecurity in this vulnerable region. https://zenodo.org/record/20157 10.20372/nadre:20157 oai:zenodo.org:20157 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20156 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Food insecurity, coping strategies, Smallholder farmers, Dara Otilicho Woreda, Sidama Region. FOOD INSECURITY AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG SMALL HOLDER FARMERS IN DARA OTILICHO WOREDA, SIDAMA REGIONAL info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20163 2025-10-15T11:08:37Z user-003

YOHANNES HANKAMO 2025-10-15 ABSTRACT The use of loan has been predicted as one way of promoting technology transfer, while the use of recommended farm inputs is regarded as key to agricultural development. Loan repayment is also of paramount importance to have viable financial institutions. In Dara woreda, Sidama region, the Regional Government and Non-Governmental organizations are extending loan facilities to farming households in order to narrow the gap between the capital required and the capital that the households possess, for the improvement of agricultural technologies that would increase production and productivity. However, there is a serious loan repayment problem in the area, which discourages rural finance organizations from promoting and extending loan. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify determinants of loan repayment performance of agricultural input borrowers from Mulitpurpose-cooperatives: the case of Dara woreda, southern part of Ethiopia. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires, from a total of 200 sample households which were selected through multistage techniques to produce data pertaining to loan repayment performance during 2020. Secondary data was obtained from publications, seasonal and annual reports of the woreda, zonal and regional offices and Rural Development, Development Bank of Ethiopia, Micro Finance Office and other related organizations. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, and the two-limit tobit model was used to analyze determinants of loan repayment performance of agricultural input borrowers from MPCs in the study area. The descriptive statistics results showed that out of total sample households 121 (60.5%) were non- defaulters and 79(39.5%) households were defaulters. The result of two-limit tobit econometric model showed that, from a total of 14 explanatory variables used in the model, five variables age of household, Experience on formal credit use , farm size, method of lending and distance of borrower from institution had statistically significant influence on the loan repayment performance of the sample households in the study area. Therefore, consideration of factors affecting loan repayment performance is vital because it provides information that would enable to undertake effective measures with the aim of improving loan repayment performance and hence helped lenders such as Multipurpose cooperatives, microfinance institution, nongovernmental organization and policy makers to have knowledge as to where and how to channel efforts to minimize loan defaults. https://zenodo.org/record/20163 10.20372/nadre:20163 oai:zenodo.org:20163 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20162 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Loan repayment, agricultural input borrowers, performance, Two-limit tobit DETERMINANTS OF LOAN REPAYMENT PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL INPUT BORROWER SMALLHOLDER FARMERS FROM MULTI-PURPOSE COOPERATIVES: THE CASE OF DARA WOREDA, SIDAMA REGION. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20161 2025-10-15T11:06:00Z user-003

ZELEKE ZEFINE 2025-10-15 ABSTRACT Food insecurity exists when people lack access to sufficient amount of safe food and key policy challenges. Due to these reason understanding the determinants with surviving strategy is important for interferences aiming at regulating it. Hence, this study conducted to state the determinants of rural household food insecurity and ascertain households coping strategies. For this primary and secondary sources were collected in the study area. The study drew 121 rural households through three stage sampling technique from four kebeles of the woreda based on agro-ecology; data gathered randomly using probability proportional to size. The survey data were analyzed by using descriptive and econometric methods. Binary Logit regression model were used to achieve the existing food insecurity status and determinants of it. The results from descriptive statistics show that of the total surveyed households, 59.5% and 40.5% were food insecure and secure respectively. The majority of the respondents viz. more than 58% and about 62% have no enough physical and economic availability and accessibility of food throughout the year respectively. The model results show that six variables were significant determinants of household food insecurity. These were sex of household head, age of household head, family size, education level of household head, cultivated land size and use of chemical fertilizer. Furthermore, rural households also used different coping strategies to against food deficit at initial and sever stage but the most common are ate less prepared food, borrowing grain (cash), reducing number and size of meals and sale of firewood/ charcoal or grass. Moreover, the results suggest that more attention should be given to older age households in food security projects, increasing family size creating awareness on family planning, agricultural sector should be given close attention to farmers providing and using recommended rate on time to the chemical fertilizer. Also attention should be given to pest and disease through providing necessary remedies. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, stakeholders should focus on the rural household food insecurity situation and coping strategies to better serve at any direction in the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/20161 10.20372/nadre:20161 oai:zenodo.org:20161 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20160 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Food insecurity, coping strategies, rural household, Logit, Damot Woyde. RURAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY STATUS AND COPING STRATEGIES IN DAMOT WOYDE WOREDA OF WOLAITA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20171 2025-10-15T11:21:12Z user-003

MENGISTU BULULTA 2025-10-15 Abstract Teff is indigenous to Ethiopia and it is an important crop, for farm income as well as food security to its people which is grown primarily as a cash crop. The study attempted to analyze the market chain of Teff in Adola Rede Woreda with the specific objectives of identifying the major constraints and opportunities in Teff production and supply to market, analyzing the structure-conduct-performance of Teff marketing, and identifying major factors affecting smallholders’ Teff market supply in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were used. The primary data were generated by unstructured questionnaire, key informant interviews and personal observation. Accordingly, the primary data were collected from 121 Teff producers. Multi stages sampling technique was applied to select sample frames. Two types of analysis, namely descriptive and econometric analysis were used for analyzing the data collected from farmers and traders in the study area. Multiple linear regression models were employed to estimate factors affecting supply of Teff. Twelve explanatory variables were hypothesized to affect the household level marketed supply of Teff. Among these hypothesized variables that used determine the supply of Teff, econometric result showed that five variables such as Number of oxen owned by farm households, frequency of extension contact, Education level, Improved Seed and Distance nearest to the market were significantly affected the volume of Teff supplied to the market. The results of the study indicated that, Quantity of Teff passed through different marketing agents from farmers to consumers. The Farmers-Collectors-Retailers-WholesalersProcessors-Consumers channel carried the largest volume, which is 59.58% of the total volume followed by Farmers-Wholesalers-Processors-Consumers channel which carried about 22.06% of the total Teff marketed. Structure of Teff market indicates four-firm Concentration Ratio (CR4), that is, the share of the largest four traders in the total volume of Teff purchased. The four largest traders handled 33.03% of the total volume of purchased Teff. This suggested that the Teff market in Adola Rede Woreda shows a weak oligopolistic market. The major barriers to enter into the market were shortage of capital, and information assymetry. Strengthening the existing moreover, extension system through training in a way to serve grassroots level producers in all aspect is important. https://zenodo.org/record/20171 10.20372/nadre:20171 oai:zenodo.org:20171 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20170 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Teff, Multiple regression model, Market Chain, S-C-P MARKET CHAIN ANALYSIS OF TEFF: THE CASE OF ADOLA REDE WOREDA, GUJI ZONE, OROMIA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20167 2025-10-15T11:17:01Z user-003

BIRTUKAN WERKU 2025-10-15 ABSTRACT The study was conducted in Salaysh Forest in Abichu and Gnea District of North Shewa Zone of Oromia National Regional state, Ethiopia. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the woody species diversity and the carbon stock potential of the Salaysh Forest. Collection of vegetation data was made using systematic sampling methods in a total of 30 plots. Heights (>1.5m), diameters (>2.5cm) and numbers of woody species were recorded from each quadrant with 20 m x 20 m for trees and 5m x 5m for shrubs. In addition, 1 m x 1m sub-quadrants were laid within the main quadrant to sample litter biomass as well as soil sample. Soil was collected from two soil depth (0-15 and 15-30 cm) and analyzed at Debere Berhan soil laboratory research center. In the Salaysh forest, species evenness and species diversity of woody plants were calculated, above and below ground, dead wood and litter fall carbon stock's potential of woody species were estimated using allometric equations. Soil organic carbon was determined by using Walkley-Black method. The relation between woody species diversity and the carbon stock potential of the study area was test by correlation coefficient. A total of 17 woody species were identified belonging 14 families from Salaysh forest. The Shannon diversity index (H') and evenness value was 0.89 and 0.85, respectively. The mean AGC, BGC, LC, DWC and SOC were, 0.021t/ha, 0.0031t/ha, 6.1t/ha, 0.0033t/ha and 112.1t/ha, accumulated respectively. In the study site, 3545.76t/ha total carbon stocks was accumulated with an equivalent CO2 of 13012.92t/ha. Shannon diversity index and species evenness were not significant (p>0.05) positively correlated (r=0. 12 and 0.26), respectively, with AGBC. Shannon diversity index and species evenness were not significant (p>0.05) positively correlated (r=0.113 and 0.13), respectively, with BGBC. Shannon diversity index and species evenness were not significant (p>0.05) positively correlated (r=0.08 and 0.065) respectively, with LC. Shannon diversity index and species evenness were not significant (p>0.05) negatively correlated(r= -0.146 and -0.1739, respectively, with SOC. Woody species evenness and diversity had no significant relationship to biomass carbon stocks. Therefore, carbon stock enrichment was not as a result of species evenness or diversification of woody species. https://zenodo.org/record/20167 10.20372/nadre:20167 oai:zenodo.org:20167 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20166 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Allometric Equation, Biomass, Carbon Sequestration, Salaysh Forest, Woody Species Diversity. WOODY SPECIES DIVERSITY AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIALS OF SALAYSH FOREST IN NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20165 2025-10-15T11:10:52Z user-003

BEDILUWA DESALEGN 2025-10-15 ABSTRACT Urban agriculture has an incredible ability to address various burning issues in the urban community such as poverty, malnutrition, unhygienic food stuff and food insecurity which have arisen due to the continuous increase in global urban population. Women can play a key role in urban agriculture due to their role in food management at household level. Nevertheless, at present women participation in urban agriculture is significantly unsatisfactory. This study was dealt with role of dairy production for women empowerment and also the constraints of urban dairy production and level of milk market supply in shashemene and arsi negele, west arsi zone. Using stratified sampling, 93 women dairy producers were selected from cooperative members and 112 were selected from non-members from both shashemene and arsi negele were involved in sample. The required data were collected from both primary and secondary sources of the data. The data were analyzed using descriptive and econometric method of analysis. In this study area there were different constraints. From these, feed shortage, scarcity of space for dung and water scarcity are the most and significant problems ranked first, second and third constraints respectively. Factors affecting women empowerment was analyzed using multiple regressions model and the result showed that age of women affected negatively and significantly, education level, marital status ,number of milking cows and male head support were affected positively and significantly. Determinants of level of milk market supply was analyzed using tobit model and the result showed that education level, number of milking cows, dairy experience, feed availability and water availability were affected significantly the woman’s level of milk market participation. To improve the intensity of milk supply, awareness creation should be given by agricultural extension workers for women dairy producers to promote their business oriented skill among women farmers. Provision of credit, good management of wastes, purchasing feed directly from producers instead of itinerate traders, these were some of the suggestion given in the study. it is suggested that establishing women self- help groups and dairy sub-sector policy must be adapted to consider gender issues. And also women should be provided with education training on emerging technologies in dairy farming sector to lessen their work load. In this case, as the study indicated that, husbands should support their wives in all aspects their life. https://zenodo.org/record/20165 10.20372/nadre:20165 oai:zenodo.org:20165 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20164 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by THE ROLE OF URBAN DAIRY FARMING ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: THE CASE OF SHASHEMENE AND ARSI NEGELE TOWN OF WEST ARSI ZONE, OROMIA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20169 2025-10-15T11:18:43Z user-003

BELACHEW TAMENE 2025-10-15 ABSTRACT Worldwide human activities are the driving force for land degradation; these difficulties will worsen without immediate remedial action. This pressing global issue affects mankind, especially rural communities. The indicators for land degradation are mostly reduction in benefits derived from land. Bamboo is a grass type with a very large woody stem. Bamboo forests are important both for land restoration and socio-economic value. This study analyzed the economic valuation of bamboo restoration in Bule district of southern Ethiopia based on a cross sectional survey of 395 sample households selected from the study district. The data collected were analyzed using a number of descriptive and econometric tools. The descriptive result shows that farmers perceived bamboo degradation decrease livelihood income for sample respondents, expansion of land for agricultural purpose, decline supply of timber products, decrease supply of firewood and charcoal, increase loss of fencing material, increase time for firewood collection, acerbate flooding and storks, decrease soil fertility due to erosion, increase environmental responsibility, increase temperature, increase biodiversity loss and destruction of plants and wild animals, reduce ground water of the sample respondents perceived that, increase vulnerability in global warming, increase in demand for cultural instruments, decrease availability of drinking water and reduce ground water. Applying a double bounded contingent valuation method, the study found that WTP for restoring bamboo natural forest is significantly influenced by bid level, educational level of household head, farm size, membership of cooperative, understanding towards bamboo restoration, tropical livestock unit, distance of farm plot to bamboo natural forests and dependency ratio. Results also indicate that mean WTC for bamboo restoration is 74.06 days/annum/household. In conclusion, CV can be used as an indicative to give some measure of labour contribution for bamboo restoration. Research result seems to indicate the Bule district need bamboo natural forest restoration and expect some positive measure of welfare change. https://zenodo.org/record/20169 10.20372/nadre:20169 oai:zenodo.org:20169 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20168 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Bamboo, willingness to contribute, contingent valuation method, bivariate probit. ECONOMIC VALUATION OF BAMBOO RESTORATION IN BULE DISTRICT: A DOUBLE BOUNDED DICHOTOMOUS CONTINGENT VALUATION MODEL info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20173 2025-10-15T11:24:53Z user-003

Tariku Negasa Sarda 2017-03-07 Understanding soil properties under different land use types along toposequences is vital in determining the types of soil management practices that could be implemented by smallholder farmers for improving the soil health as well as soil productivity. It is also important in addressing the issues of agricultural sustainability. With the objectives of investigating variation in soil properties under different land use types managed by smallholder farmers along the toposequences, three land use types: agroforestry land (AG), cultivated land (CL) and grazing land (GL) under three slope categories (upper, middle and lower slope) were selected in southern Ethiopia, Deko watershed. A total of 108 composite soil samples [3 treatments (land use types) − 3 replications − 3 slope categories (upper, middle and lower) − 4 soil depth layers: 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, 40–60 cm and N60 cm] were collected for laboratory analyses. In addition, undisturbed soil samples were taken using core sampler from each soil depth for the determination of soil bulk density. To infer the biological properties of the soils naked eye soil macro-fauna (NEMF) was counted. The results showed that among the soil properties sand (p b 0.001), clay (p = 0.002), soil bulk density (p b 0.001), soil reactio (pH, p b 0.001), Electrical conductivity (EC, p b 0.001), Soil organic carbon (SOC %, p b 0.001), Total nitrogen (TN %, p = 0.001) and NEMF (p b 0.001) have shown a significant variation among the land use types while sand (p = 0.027), silt (p = 0.001), clay (p b 0.001), SOC (p b 0.001) and TN (p = 0.002) exhibiting significant variation among the slope categories. Similarly, variation of soil bulk density (p b 0.001), soil pH (p b 0.001), SOC (p b 0.001), TN (p = 0.002) and NNEMF (p b 0.001) were also statistically significant along the soil depth. Clay was the dominant soil textural fraction showing an increasing trend along the toposequence. Agroforestry land use type has the higher SOC, TN, pH values and EC while cultivated land use type having relatively low amount of SOC, TN, pH and EC. The lower values on cultivated land use types were due to the effects of continuous tillage practices by the smallholder farmers in the area. Slope had minimum effect on soil pH, EC, soil bulk density and the number of observable macro-faunas in the area. Moreover, SOC and TN were increased down the slope on the cultivated land use types of the area. The role of erosion is magnificent in removing SOC and TN from upper slope to lower slope as the area is more vulnerable to erosion due rugged topography. Thus, applying soil and water conservation measures on cultivated land use types play a vital role in minimizing the removal of soils down the slope. https://zenodo.org/record/20173 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.11.021 oai:zenodo.org:20173 eng url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Land use Slope category Soil depth Soil physico-chemical properties Variation in soil properties under different land use types managed by smallholder farmers along the toposequence in southern Ethiopia info:eu-repo/semantics/article publication-article

oai:zenodo.org:20235 2025-10-15T12:38:11Z user-003

SILESHI ABEBAW 2025-10-15 Forests provide ecological, economic, and socio-cultural services to both natural systems and humankind. The research was conducted in the Honkosha natural forest to evaluate its condition as a natural ecosystem and assess its contributions to the local community. The objective of the study was to identify the diversity of woody plant species and analyze the floristic composition within this environment. 60 sample quadrats with size 20m x 20m, 5m x 5m (at center), and 1m x 1m (at corner of the main plots were established along transect lines for measuring mature trees, saplings, and seedlings, respectively. Data for vegetation sampling were recorded and analyzed using R Software. Measurements for height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were conducted for woody plant species with diameters less than 1 cm and heights under 1 m for seedlings, as well as for saplings with diameters between 1-2 cm and heights between 1-2 m, using a meter-marked ruler and measuring tape. The study identified a total of 71 woody plant species across 34 families and 58 genera. Among these, 30 species (42.25%) were classified as shrubs, 28 (39.44%) as trees, 8 (11.27%) as herbs, and 5 (7.04%) as climbers. The Fabaceae family was found to be the most dominant, represented by 14 species (75%), followed by Verbenaceae and Oleaceae, each with four species (6.56%). The DPH class of 2.5-10 cm exhibited the highest density at 426 individuals (40.53%), while the class greater than 50 cm showed the lowest density with 244 individuals. Touchardia sadwieenees emerged as the most prevalent species in the forest, with a basal area of 3.3. In total, 790 mature individuals and a considerable number of seedlings of woody plants were documented in the sample plots. The Shannon diversity index for woody plant species in the forest was recorded at 0.26, and the elements at 0.14, indicating a relatively high level of diversity. Overall, the study concluded that the forest is in a healthy condition. However, an analysis of regeneration status at the species level indicated variations, with some woody plants exhibiting good, fair, or poor regeneration, and some not regenerating at all. This prompted the introduction of a participatory forest management program aimed at sustainably utilizing and managing forest resources. https://zenodo.org/record/20235 10.20372/nadre:20235 oai:zenodo.org:20235 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20234 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Floristic Composition, Important Value Index, Species Richness. Forest, Regeneration WOODY SPECIES DIVERSITY, SOCIOECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN HONKOSHA NATURAL FOREST, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20231 2025-10-15T12:34:23Z user-003

ALEM ZEWDE 2025-10-15 ABSTRACT: The field experiment was conducted at Kulumsa Agriculture Research station, Kulumsa, Central Ethiopia, to evaluate the effects of commercial organic fertilizers and inorganic N nutrient in wheat cropping systems. The field experiment was conducted a factorial arrangement of two commercial organic fertilizers (Eco-Green, Mela-Organics) and vermicompost, each was tested with four supplementation levels of N (0, 50, 75 and 100%) of the recommended dose of fertilizer in the study area. arranged in a factorial combination laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results indicated that the highest grain yield (5.23 t/ha) was obtained from MO+100%N, which was statistically similar to that obtained under the VC+100%N (5.00 t/ha), followed by EG+100%N (4.22t/ha). The SPAD scores of 44.6 and 46.2 from VC+100%N and MO+100%N, respectively, recorded where the highest grain and biological yields produced treatments. Compared with chemical fertilizer alone, the application of Eco-Green or Mela-Organics in combination with N fertilizer at higher doses (75% or 100%) significantly increased wheat grain yield by 5-19%, increased biomass yield by 2.6-13.5%. However, sole application of either Eco-Green or Mela-Organics (0%N) and with 50% N level, resulted in grain and biomass yields lower than the conventional practice (CF), with the grain yield reductions ranging from -2.4% to -27.7% and biomass yield reductions from -9.3% to - 20.9%. Similarly, neither the type of organic fertilizers nor the level of inorganic fertilizer supplementation had a significant impact on soil properties except for soil OC. Considering the economic benefit, farmers of the area might be advised to use these commercial liquid fertilizers: Eco-Green in combination with 75%N RDF to achieve comparable wheat yields while reducing chemical fertilizer costs by 25%, whereas Mela-Organics with 100%N. However, since the experiment was done once and only at one location, the research should be repeated involving several other varieties at different locations and over various seasons to reach a conclusive recommendation. https://zenodo.org/record/20231 10.20372/nadre:20231 oai:zenodo.org:20231 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20230 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Bread wheat, Commercial organic fertilizers, Eco-Green, Mela-Organic, Vermicompost EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) AT KULUMSA, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20233 2025-10-15T12:36:21Z user-003

TADELE GETNET 2025-10-15 Botanical garden functionsas an ex-situ plant repository, playing vital role in supplementing onsiteconservation of biodiversity and climate changemitigation and adaptation.This study aimed to assess woodyspecies diversity and carbon stock potential of the Botanical and Ecotourism Garden of Dilla Universityin southern Ethiopia. Astratified random sampling method was used to gather vegetation data across three distinct vegetation types. Thirty-one plots with dimensions of 20 m × 20 m (400 m2) eachwere utilized for tree/shrub assessments. Additionally, five 1 m × 1 m (1 m2) subplots were positioned within each main plot four at the corners and one at the center, to capture data on litterfall biomass and soil characteristics .Woody plant data, including the identity, number of individuals, and diameter at breast height (DBH) wererecorded. A total of 58 species of woody plants from 34 families and 48 genera were identified. The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) and evenness values were1.92and 0.59 respectively.The highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index was recorded in riverine vegetation followed by natural vegetation and mixed vegetationat 2.45(H’)1.9 (H’), and 1.58(H’) respectively.The most prevalent and abundant species were Premnaschimperia, Combretum molle, Grevillea robusta,Terminalia macroptera,Maesa lanceolataand Acacia siebereina, The mean biomass stock of above-ground carbon (AGC) and below-ground carbon (BGC)were 16.12ton/ha and 4.35ton/ha respectively. The highest aboveground carbon stock was measured in riverine, natural vegetation, and mixed vegetationtypes35.9tons/ha, 12.3 tons/ha,and 7.5 tons/ha respectively,andlitter carbon stock mean value of 0.48tons/ha.Moreover, the mean value of soil organic carbon was 30.15 tons/ha. The mean number of woody plant stemdensity per hectare was (701stme/ha), with a basal area (9.02 m 2 / ha). The findings of this study’s highlight the botanical garden's significant role in preserving biodiversity and its potential forclimate change mitigating through carbon sequestration. Keywords: above ground carbon, basal area, below ground carbon, litter biomass, stem density, soil carbon, woody plant diversity https://zenodo.org/record/20233 10.20372/nadre:20233 oai:zenodo.org:20233 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20232 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by WOODY SPECIES DIVERSITY AND CARBON STOCK POTENTIAL IN THE BOTANICAL AND ECOTOURISM GARDEN OF DILLA UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20237 2025-10-15T12:40:09Z user-003

NENKO BIRBIRSA 2025-10-15 Agricultural landscapes can play remarkable role in the preserving woody plant species. However, little is known about current status of woody species and factors affecting woody plant species diversity. The aim of this study was to assess the woody plants species diversity and possession in small-holder growing practices among small holder farmers of Bule Hora district. The study was considered four land use (home garden, farm land, grazing land and woodlots) three wealth class rich, medium and poor) and three altitudinal gradients (upper, middle and lower) Socioeconomic and plant biodiversity data were collected from a total of 27 households and 81 sample plots respectively. The collected Data was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and to investigate the effect of land use, altitudinal gradient and wealth status on woody plant diversity and woody stem possession among households. The study result revealed that, in all the studied plots, 34 woody plant species were identified. Higher woody species richness’s were recorded from farmland and home garden, respectively. Woodlots had the highest number of tree stems followed by homesteads. The woody species diversity is significantly influenced by wealth status, location of the farmland holding size, family size, livestock holding, and age of house hold head and possession of off-farm income sources. The species preference analysis computations indicated that the woody demand species diversity is less likely to change in the future along all altitudinal gradients because there is no difference between the currently existing species and the preferred ones. Nonetheless, the number of woody species on the farmers’ holdings could increase. https://zenodo.org/record/20237 10.20372/nadre:20237 oai:zenodo.org:20237 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20236 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Agricultural landscapes; Ethiopia; smallholder farmers, woody species diversity ASSESSMENT OF WOODY PLANT SPECIES DIVERSITY ANDPOSSESSION, THEIR FUTURE PROSPECTSIN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES: THE CASE OF SMALLHOLDER FARMLAND IN BULE HORA DISTRICT. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20247 2025-10-15T12:47:32Z user-003

Anteneh Bussa 2025-10-15 Ethiopian forest cover is rapidly declining while the demand for forest products is continuously increasing. Agroforestry reduces pressure on the existing indigenous forests as it diversifies farm production and provides both subsistence and income through products such as timber, fuel wood and fodder, thus farmers preferred to have practices agroforestry as a means of diversifying household income for food security and self sufficiency in wood and wood products, therefore, This study has identified the Land Use/Land Cover Changes extent, socio economic factors and its influence on agroforestry expansion in maale woreda. For Land Use/Land Cover and its changing pattern analysis time series Landsat imagery data were employed and discussed. Landsat TM (1986), Landsat ETM (2000) and Landsat OLI (2019) were employed for locating training samples, for conventional classification, subsequent LULC change analysis and mapping. In addition to remotely sensed data, household’s survey data was also used to identify socio economic factors and its influence on agroforestry expansion. To determine the factors that influence the expansion level of agroforestry, multinomial logistic regression model was used. The Land Use/Land Cover Changes results show that agroforestry land has increased by 31% in 2019 compared with 1986. Over the last three decades it was increased by 464.7% of its base year total agroforestry land, which was mainly at the expense of shrub/wood land and grassland. Similarly agricultural land increased by 25% of the total study area through the study periods. On the other hand, grassland and shrub/wood land decreased from 5 % and 58% in 1986 to 2 % and 0% in 2019, respectively. On the other hand, forest cover showed increment from 28 % in the base year to 33 % in 2019. Household attributes such as age, educational level and lack of awareness are the constrained agroforestry practices. However, traditional believes and taboos, land size, sex and land tenures are enhancing agroforestry practices in the study area. It was also found out that most farmers were motivated to practices agroforestry because of the multiple benefits local peoples optioned by planting trees and shrubs in and around their farms. Changes in land use/land cover in the study area were growing population pressure, fragmentation of land, declining of crop productivity and rising cost of fuel wood and poles. Inaddtionto, the current household family size and its annual crop production are not proportional, these can be changed only by diversifying and improving the amount of production by the existing agroforestry practice and farming practice and increasing household income through better land management and introducing family planning through education. https://zenodo.org/record/20247 10.20372/nadre:20247 oai:zenodo.org:20247 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20246 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by challenges and opportunities, Agroforestry expansion, Land use/land cover change; Socio-economic factor Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Socio-economic Factors Influencing Agroforestry Expansion in Maale Woreda, Southern Ethiopia: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20243 2025-10-15T12:44:33Z user-003

Kedir Mohammed 2025-10-15 This study is conducted in Basketo District of southern Ethiopia to examine the contribution of retaining and/or planting trees on farmland (home garden, woodlot and crop lands) in enhancing the woody specious diversity and ecologically to conserve the natural forest with the main objective of assessing and analyzing the role of Farm Tree diversity use and management to small holder farmers. Socio-economic survey and field inventory were conducted to collect data through a series of household surveys and key informant interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statically tools such as frequency, percentages, and graphs by using SPSS analytical software version 20 and Microsoft excel; as well linear regression analysis used. To consider the various ecological values measurements were taken from total of 45 on-farm plots measuring 0.0125 ha per plot for determination of on-farm tree composition, stocking, richness and diversity.Shannon-Wiener Index of diversity as well as the Important Value Index (IVI) were applied. The type of forest products collected from natural forest were assessed in a 100 m transect from the boundary by identifying and counting the number of cut trees and building poles. The results revealed that farm trees and their products contributed higher status to farmer’s income. The findings also indicated that, farm size (P<0.05), household size (P<0.05) and household income (P<0.05) were the dominant socioeconomic factors that determine household farmer’s decision to retain and/ or plant trees on their farmland. Species composition and woody plants played great role in ecological sustainability of the study area. Furthermore, the result indicated that the respondents in the study area had awareness on the ecological benefits associated with trees on their farmlands and their attitudes towards trees planting were mostly positive. It was revealed that farmer’s decision to retaining and/ or planting trees on their farmlands was driven by their socioeconomic characteristics. Therefore to overcome these factors that confront farmers to retaining and/or planting trees on their farms should be considered with the concerned bodies. Moreover, Forest National Corporation (FNC) should consider the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers as essential in any tree planting programs in the study area. https://zenodo.org/record/20243 10.20372/nadre:20243 oai:zenodo.org:20243 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20242 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Farm woody specious, home garden, woodlot and crop lands ecological sustainability, Socioeconomic, Basketo On Farm Woody Specious Diversity Management and Uses to Small holder Households. The case of Basketo District, Southern Ethiopia. info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20239 2025-10-15T12:42:18Z user-003

TEMESGEN GIRI 2025-10-15 Fuelwood and woody biomass are the most important forest product in Ethiopia. The high demand for wood as a source of household energy has been the cause of serious deforestation which in turn is fuelled by an ever-increasing population. Therefore, the major concern of this study was to quantify fuelwood demand and address the uncertainty surrounding fuelwood consumption. The study was conducted in Nagelle town, Liban district, OromiaRegional State, to assess fuelwood supply demand and its forest degradation challenges mainly following the ever-rising apprehensions about growing stock and any contributions thatfuelwood use may make to regional environmental degradation. Data was collected through structured questionnaires to know the socio-economic characteristics, causes of deforestation, and preferences of tree species for fuelwoodand service sectors survey by structured interview. The analysis of data was done by using Analysis of Variance and multiple linear regressions. Asa result, the average fuelwood demand at household levels in the area was estimated at 199.2 M3 per year while in service sectors the fuelwood demand was estimated at 145M3 and amount of fuelwood supplied to the town was 78212.2M3 per year. At the study site, fuelwood consumption a was significant (p<0.05), variable across the income categories. Similarly, energy consumption was also significantly different among household income levels. The major fuel wood supply in Nagelle towns was Retailersandwholesalerswhichcontributed78%and7.8%respectively.Fuelwoodpriceanddistan cefromfuelwoodsourcehad a significantly positive linear relationship with fuel wood consumption at (p <0.05). From the result, fuel wood is the second cause of deforestation next to agricultural expansion. The study implied that fuel wood Consumption has an impact on the remaining forest in the country as a whole and in the surrounding areas of Nagelle town. Therefore, improving the end-use efficiency in the use of traditional fuels through improving the efficiency of the existing cooking stoves and introducing new and more efficient stoves is forwarded for energy policy. https://zenodo.org/record/20239 10.20372/nadre:20239 oai:zenodo.org:20239 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20238 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by deforestation, fuelwood demand, fuelwood supply, income levels, Negelle Town ASSESSMENT OF FUELWOOD DEMAND AND SUPPLY WITH ITS FOREST DEGRADATION CHALLENGES IN NAGELLE TOWN, SOUTHEASTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:20241 2025-10-15T12:43:27Z user-003

TEMESGEN GIRI 2025-10-15 ABSTRACT: Fuelwood and woody biomass are the most important forest product in Ethiopia. The high demand for wood as a source of household energy has been the cause of serious deforestation which in turn is fuelled by an ever-increasing population. Therefore, the major concern of this study was to quantify fuelwood demand and address the uncertainty surrounding fuelwood consumption. The study was conducted in Nagelle town, Liban district, OromiaRegional State, to assess fuelwood supply demand and its forest degradation challenges mainly following the ever-rising apprehensions about growing stock and any contributions thatfuelwood use may make to regional environmental degradation. Data was collected through structured questionnaires to know the socio-economic characteristics, causes of deforestation, and preferences of tree species for fuelwoodand service sectors survey by structured interview. The analysis of data was done by using Analysis of Variance and multiple linear regressions. Asa result, the average fuelwood demand at household levels in the area was estimated at 199.2 M3 per year while in service sectors the fuelwood demand was estimated at 145M3and amount of fuelwood supplied to the town was 78212.2M3per year. At the study site, fuelwood consumption a was significant (p<0.05), variable across the income categories. Similarly, energy consumption was also significantly different among household income levels. The major fuel wood supply in Nagelle towns was Retailersandwholesalerswhichcontributed78%and7.8%respectively.Fuelwoodpriceanddistan cefromfuelwoodsourcehad a significantly positive linear relationship with fuel wood consumption at (p <0.05). From the result, fuel wood is the second cause of deforestation next to agricultural expansion. The study implied that fuel wood Consumption has an impact on the remaining forest in the country as a whole and in the surrounding areas of Nagelle town. Therefore, improving the end-use efficiency in the use of traditional fuels through improving the efficiency of the existing cooking stoves and introducing new and more efficient stoves is forwarded for energy policy. https://zenodo.org/record/20241 10.20372/nadre:20241 oai:zenodo.org:20241 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:20240 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by deforestation, fuelwood demand, fuelwood supply, income levels, Negelle Town ASSESSMENT OF FUELWOOD DEMAND AND SUPPLY WITH ITS FOREST DEGRADATION CHALLENGES IN NAGELLE TOWN, SOUTHEASTERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis

oai:zenodo.org:24877 2026-04-15T13:14:57Z user-003

TEKALIGN MENGESHA 2026-04-15 ABSTRACT: The Gedeo Zone, heartland of the globally renowned Yirgacheffe coffee, possesses exceptional agro-ecological potential for producing high-quality Arabica beans. Despite this international reputation and optimal growing conditions, a significant portion of coffee from this region fails to achieve its potential quality grade, representing a critical quality paradox that undermines farmer incomes and national export earnings. While previous research has documented general factors affecting coffee quality, there remains a lack of integrated analysis that simultaneously quantifies the effects of specific pre- and post-harvest practices while identifying the key socioeconomic and institutional determinants of quality failure at the producer level. This study therefore aimed to address this gap by evaluating how pre- and post-harvest processing techniques affect coffee quality, assessing the inherent quality of coffee in the Gedeo zone, and identifying the determinants of coffee quality among producers. The study employed a mixed-methods approach combining a cross-sectional survey of 138 coffee-producing households across four major woredas (Yirgacheffe, Kochere, Dilla Zuria, and Wenago), standardized laboratory analysis of physical and organoleptic properties following ECX protocols, and binary logit regression analysis to identify quality determinants. The findings reveal a stark quality paradox: despite the region’s optimal agro-ecology and high adoption of pre-harvest good practices (97.1% use organic fertilizer, 94.3% practice pruning), 50.5% of farmer output was graded as unacceptable quality (ECX Grade 4 or 5). Laboratory analysis confirmed the significant superiority of washed processing, with washed coffee exhibiting substantially higher scores in key sensory attributes including acidity (8.5 ± 0.2 vs. 5.8 ± 0.3, p<0.001) and flavor (8.8 ± 0.1 vs. 6.5 ± 0.4, p<0.001). Geographic analysis revealed significant intra-zonal variability, with Yirgacheffe achieving the highest premium-grade proportion (32.5%) and lowest low-grade proportion (17.4%), while Wonago exhibited the lowest premium-grade share (20.1%) and highest low-grade proportion (33.4%). The binary logit model identified that drying coffee on bare ground (79% of farmers) was the most detrimental factor, substantially increasing the probability of poor quality. Conversely, selective picking, access to training, access to credit, and cooperative membership emerged as the most significant factors reducing the likelihood of producing unacceptable coffee. The study makes both theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, it advances Lancaster’s consumer theory by demonstrating how institutional and socioeconomic factors operate through management practices to determine quality outcomes, addressing a notable gap in the literature concerning integrated quality determinant analysis. Practically, the findings provide actionable intelligence for critical stakeholders: for farmers and cooperatives, they validate cooperative membership as a key quality-enabler and pinpoint drying on bare ground as the most detrimental practice; for development agencies and government bodies including the Ministry of Agriculture and ECX, the evidence justifies redirecting extension services toward promoting affordable raised-bed drying technologies and strengthening cooperative infrastructure; for researchers, the integrated application of sensory analysis and econometric modeling provides a replicable framework for quality determinant studies in other Ethiopian coffee regions. The study concludes that the primary constraints to coffee quality in Gedeo are not pre-harvest agronomic practices, but rather critical post-harvest handling deficiencies, particularly drying on bare ground, compounded by inadequate institutional support. To unlock the region’s full economic potential, interventions must prioritize promoting affordable raised-bed drying technologies made from local materials, strengthening cooperatives, refocusing agricultural training on practical post-harvest management, and ensuring price incentives that reward quality improvement. https://zenodo.org/record/24877 10.20372/nadre:24877 oai:zenodo.org:24877 eng doi:10.20372/nadre:24876 url:https://nadre.ethernet.edu.et/communities/003 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by Coffee Quality, Determinants, Gedeo Zone, Post-Harvest Handling, Logit Model, Sensory Evaluation, Ethiopia. COFFEE QUALITY AND ITS DETERMINANT FACTORS IN THE GEDEO ZONE OF SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis publication-thesis